第二章 骁勇之美 —— 秦汉时期戎装完整体系

1. 秦朝军服为什么普遍采用交领右衽的设计？
2. 秦军骑兵的服装和步兵相比，具体有什么不一样？
3. 秦朝高级军官和低级士兵的头饰主要靠什么区分？
4. 秦朝铠甲是只用铁做的吗？还是皮甲铁甲混用？
5. 这种标准化的军服设计，对后来的汉朝有什么影响？

1. Why did the Qin Dynasty military uniforms generally feature a cross-collar with the right lapel overlapping?
2. How exactly did the clothing of Qin cavalry differ from that of the infantry?
3. What was the main way to distinguish between high-ranking officers and low-ranking soldiers based on their headwear?
4. Were Qin Dynasty armors made only of iron, or were leather and iron armor used together?
5. How did this standardized military uniform design influence the later Han Dynasty?

1 00:00:48,200 --> 00:00:54,000 2.2 Military Garments of the Qin Dynasty 2.2 秦代戎服秦代戎装在资料完整性与 2 00:00:54,000 --> 00:00:55,500 The military uniforms 准确性上堪称典范， 3 00:00:55,500 --> 00:00:58,200 of the Qin Dynasty are exemplary in terms 其形制设计核心体现为高度的一致性与 4 00:00:58,200 --> 00:01:00,400 of the completeness and accuracy 标准化，为后世军服制度奠定了雏形。 5 00:01:00,400 --> 00:01:02,300 of their historical records. 标准化，为后世军服制度奠定了雏形。 6 00:01:02,300 --> 00:01:04,833 Their core design is characterized by a 从将军至士卒，戎装外形统一， 7 00:01:04,833 --> 00:01:06,600 high degree of consistency 上衣均为交领右衽、袖窄及腕、 8 00:01:06,600 --> 00:01:09,400 and standardization, laying the foundation 下摆斜直的长襦。 9 00:01:09,400 --> 00:01:11,700 for later military uniform systems. 下摆斜直的长襦。 10 00:01:11,700 --> 00:01:13,866 From generals to soldiers, 其中，高级军吏身着双重长襦， 11 00:01:13,866 --> 00:01:16,666 the uniforms were uniform in appearance, 士兵为一重长襦， 12 00:01:16,666 --> 00:01:19,266 featuring a long, straight hemmed tunic 而骑兵则改穿前开褶服， 13 00:01:19,266 --> 00:01:21,633 with a cross collar and right fastening 以适配跨马作战的需求。 14 00:01:21,633 --> 00:01:25,066 front, narrow sleeves reaching the wrists. 以适配跨马作战的需求。 15 00:01:25,066 --> 00:01:27,900 High ranking officers wore double tunics, 以适配跨马作战的需求。 16 00:01:27,900 --> 00:01:30,066 soldiers wore a single tunic, 以适配跨马作战的需求。 17 00:01:30,066 --> 00:01:32,566 while cavalry wore front opening pleated 以适配跨马作战的需求。 18 00:01:32,566 --> 00:01:35,300 garments to accommodate mounted combat. 以适配跨马作战的需求。 19 00:01:35,300 --> 00:01:37,400 Lower body equipment consisted 下身装备分为长裤或及膝短裤， 20 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:39,433 of trousers or knee length shorts, 小腿束行滕或套圆筒护腿，足部穿靴或履。 21 00:01:39,433 --> 00:01:42,600 with leggings or cylindrical gaiters 小腿束行滕或套圆筒护腿，足部穿靴或履。 22 00:01:42,600 --> 00:01:44,200 on the calves, and boots or shoes 小腿束行滕或套圆筒护腿，足部穿靴或履。 23 00:01:44,200 --> 00:01:44,900 on the feet. 小腿束行滕或套圆筒护腿，足部穿靴或履。 24 00:01:44,900 --> 00:01:47,166 The belt at the waist was made of leather 腰间束带以皮革制成，通过带钩系接， 25 00:01:47,166 --> 00:01:48,500 and fastened with hooks, 整体既保障了行动便利性， 26 00:01:48,500 --> 00:01:50,300 ensuring both ease of movement 又维持了严整的军容。 27 00:01:50,300 --> 00:01:52,633 and maintaining a disciplined military 又维持了严整的军容。 28 00:01:52,633 --> 00:01:53,333 appearance. 又维持了严整的军容。 29 00:01:53,333 --> 00:01:56,400 2.3 Head worn Ornaments 2.3 秦代戎装首饰在主体服装统一的 30 00:01:56,400 --> 00:01:59,433 of Qin Military Attire 前提下， 31 00:01:59,433 --> 00:02:00,500 While maintaining 秦代通过首服的精细差异区分兵种与官阶。 32 00:02:00,500 --> 00:02:02,533 a uniform overall 高级军吏俑及特定场合铜车马上的 33 00:02:02,533 --> 00:02:04,133 attire, the Qin Dynasty distinguished 御官俑戴鹖冠，彰显尊崇地位与指挥权； 34 00:02:04,133 --> 00:02:06,500 military branches and official ranks 中级军吏戴双板长冠，冠面由两坎板组成， 35 00:02:06,500 --> 00:02:09,033 through subtle differences in headwear. 残留枣红色彩； 36 00:02:09,033 --> 00:02:11,933 High ranking military officer figurines 御手俑、车右俑和下级军吏俑戴单板长冠， 37 00:02:11,933 --> 00:02:13,566 and, on specific occasions, 冠面为一个整体， 38 00:02:13,566 --> 00:02:15,000 charioteer figurines 与双板长冠结构高度相似；骑兵则佩戴皮弁； 39 00:02:15,000 --> 00:02:17,600 on bronze chariots wore pheasant feather 部分地位等级较低的武士俑则佩戴介帻， 40 00:02:17,600 --> 00:02:20,466 crowns, signifying their esteemed status 介帻能将头发全部包裹， 41 00:02:20,466 --> 00:02:21,966 and command authority; 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 42 00:02:21,966 --> 00:02:26,100 mid ranking military officers wore double 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 43 00:02:26,100 --> 00:02:27,633 panel long crowns, the crown's surface 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 44 00:02:27,633 --> 00:02:29,266 composed of two panels, 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 45 00:02:29,266 --> 00:02:31,633 retaining traces of maroon color; 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 46 00:02:31,633 --> 00:02:33,433 charioteer figurines 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 47 00:02:33,433 --> 00:02:35,033 and lower ranking military officer 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 48 00:02:35,033 --> 00:02:38,200 figurines wore single panel long crowns, 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 49 00:02:38,200 --> 00:02:39,633 the crown's surface being a single unit, 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 50 00:02:39,633 --> 00:02:41,966 highly similar in structure 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 51 00:02:41,966 --> 00:02:43,633 to the double panel long crown; 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 52 00:02:43,633 --> 00:02:45,666 cavalrymen wore leather caps; 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 53 00:02:45,666 --> 00:02:47,433 and some lower ranking warrior figurines 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 54 00:02:47,433 --> 00:02:51,400 wore jieze (a type of head covering), 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 55 00:02:51,400 --> 00:02:54,333 which completely covered the hair, 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 56 00:02:54,333 --> 00:02:56,200 keeping the hair neatly styled upwards 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 57 00:02:56,200 --> 00:02:58,333 and preventing it from obscuring the face 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 58 00:02:58,333 --> 00:03:01,100 and hindering movement. 使四周头发整齐向上，避免遮面影响行动。 59 00:03:01,100 --> 00:03:06,533 2.4 Material Quality of Qin Dynasty Armor 2.4 秦代甲胄质地秦代开启了 60 00:03:06,533 --> 00:03:09,300 The Qin Dynasty ushered in an era 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 61 00:03:09,300 --> 00:03:11,633 of armor using both leather and iron. 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 62 00:03:11,633 --> 00:03:13,566 With the advancement 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 63 00:03:13,566 --> 00:03:14,966 of iron smelting technology, 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 64 00:03:14,966 --> 00:03:16,400 the proportion of iron armor plates 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 65 00:03:16,400 --> 00:03:18,566 increased, coexisting 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 66 00:03:18,566 --> 00:03:21,066 with traditional leather armor. 甲胄皮铁并用的时代。 67 00:03:21,066 --> 00:03:24,033 Qin Dynasty armor was diverse in type; 随着冶铁技术的成熟， 68 00:03:24,033 --> 00:03:25,433 some body armor was long and narrow 铁质甲片比例上升，与传统皮甲并存。 69 00:03:25,433 --> 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）