3. 丝绸之路缘起

1. 英文silk和中文丝绸到底有啥区别？
2. 丝绸之路形成的三个阶段具体是啥？
3. 民间交换和官方开通有啥不同？
4. 丝绸怎么变成文化交流的桥梁？
5. 为什么叫“丝”路而不是“茶”路？

1. What's the actual difference between the English word "silk" and the Chinese word "silk"?
2. What are the three specific stages in the formation of the Silk Road?
3. How is private exchange different from official establishment?
4. How did silk become a bridge for cultural exchange?
5. Why is it called the "Silk" Road instead of the "Tea" Road?

1 00:00:00,200 --> 00:00:03,533 3. The Origin of the Silk Road — Concepts 2 00:00:03,533 --> 00:00:05,500 Stages and Semantic Differences of 3 00:00:05,500 --> 00:00:07,566 "Silk" Between China and the West 4 00:00:07,566 --> 00:00:09,866 3.1 The Origin of the Silk Road: 5 00:00:09,866 --> 00:00:10,966 Introduction 6 00:00:10,966 --> 00:00:12,666 In the previous two chapters 7 00:00:12,666 --> 00:00:14,866 we have learned about the origin and 8 00:00:14,866 --> 00:00:17,000 complete weaving procedures of silk 9 00:00:17,000 --> 00:00:21,333 as well as six classic silk fabrics including juan 10 00:00:21,333 --> 00:00:24,200 qi, ling, duan, jin and velvet 11 00:00:24,200 --> 00:00:26,666 Exquisite Chinese silk did not only 12 00:00:26,666 --> 00:00:28,800 circulate domestically 13 00:00:28,800 --> 00:00:31,566 It spread overseas as early as ancient times 14 00:00:31,566 --> 00:00:34,366 and gave birth to the trans-Eurasian 15 00:00:34,366 --> 00:00:37,000 communication channel—the Silk Road 16 00:00:37,000 --> 00:00:39,200 This section first distinguishes the connotative 17 00:00:39,200 --> 00:00:41,733 differences between the English word 18 00:00:41,733 --> 00:00:44,200 “silk” and the Chinese term “sichou”, 19 00:00:44,200 --> 00:00:47,166 clarifying the different cognitive systems of 20 00:00:47,166 --> 00:00:50,000 silk textiles between China and the West 21 00:00:50,000 --> 00:00:51,466 Then it sorts out the three-stage evolution 22 00:00:51,466 --> 00:00:53,066 of the Silk Road: 23 00:00:53,066 --> 00:00:55,566 early folk material exchange 24 00:00:55,566 --> 00:00:57,500 the opening of official routes 25 00:00:57,500 --> 00:01:00,300 and the formal naming in modern times 26 00:01:00,300 --> 00:01:01,866 Combined with unearthed cultural 27 00:01:01,866 --> 00:01:03,400 relics and murals 28 00:01:03,400 --> 00:01:05,600 we restore the whole process of the birth 29 00:01:05,600 --> 00:01:07,600 and formation of the Silk Road 30 00:01:07,600 --> 00:01:10,066 3.2 Analysis of Core Concepts: 31 00:01:10,066 --> 00:01:12,033 Connotative Differences Between 32 00:01:12,033 --> 00:01:13,733 "Silk" and Chinese "Sichou" 01 33 00:01:13,733 --> 00:01:14,533 Next 34 00:01:14,533 --> 00:01:16,866 let’s analyze the core conceptual differences 35 00:01:16,866 --> 00:01:19,333 between the English term “silk” 36 00:01:19,333 --> 00:01:21,266 and the Chinese term “sichou”. 37 00:01:21,266 --> 00:01:23,866 Many assume they are perfect equivalents 38 00:01:23,866 --> 00:01:25,400 yet their scopes differ greatly 39 00:01:25,400 --> 00:01:27,333 as shown in this table 40 00:01:27,333 --> 00:01:29,933 First, scope of coverage 41 00:01:29,933 --> 00:01:32,133 “Silk” covers the whole industrial chain: 42 00:01:32,133 --> 00:01:33,133 fiber 43 00:01:33,133 --> 00:01:37,400 yarn, fabric and end products 44 00:01:37,400 --> 00:01:39,166 Chinese “sichou” mainly refers 45 00:01:39,166 --> 00:01:40,866 to finished fabrics 46 00:01:40,866 --> 00:01:43,766 Second, material inclusiveness 47 00:01:43,766 --> 00:01:46,166 “Silk” includes mulberry silk 48 00:01:46,166 --> 00:01:48,666 as well as wild silk from other insects 49 00:01:48,666 --> 00:01:51,266 Chinese “sichou” centers on mulberry silk 50 00:01:51,266 --> 00:01:54,533 and may also cover synthetic filament fabrics 51 00:01:54,533 --> 00:01:57,000 Third, core attribute 52 00:01:57,000 --> 00:01:58,766 “Silk” is a raw material oriented 53 00:01:58,766 --> 00:02:00,400 general concept 54 00:02:00,400 --> 00:02:02,900 Chinese “sichou” is craft oriented 55 00:02:02,900 --> 00:02:06,033 standing for specific woven textile categories 56 00:02:06,033 --> 00:02:06,666 Fourth 57 00:02:06,666 --> 00:02:09,500 corresponding Chinese categories 58 00:02:09,500 --> 00:02:11,733 “Silk” equals si (fiber), 59 00:02:11,733 --> 00:02:13,366 bo (plain fabric), 60 00:02:13,366 --> 00:02:17,900 jin and xiu (finished brocade & embroidery). 61 00:02:17,900 --> 00:02:21,500 “Sichou” mainly corresponds to bo and jin 62 00:02:21,500 --> 00:02:23,766 3.2 Analysis of Core Concepts: 63 00:02:23,766 --> 00:02:25,833 Connotative Differences Between 64 00:02:25,833 --> 00:02:27,866 "Silk" and Chinese "Sichou" 02 65 00:02:27,866 --> 00:02:30,366 Shen Congwen pointed out that ancient 66 00:02:30,366 --> 00:02:32,933 Chinese silk fabrics had refined naming 67 00:02:32,933 --> 00:02:34,900 with clear divisions of labor 68 00:02:34,900 --> 00:02:36,900 among "si" (silk fiber), 69 00:02:36,900 --> 00:02:39,600 "bo" (raw silk fabric) and "jin" (brocade), 70 00:02:39,600 --> 00:02:41,633 while "silk" encompasses all types 71 00:02:41,633 --> 00:02:43,866 reflecting the cognitive differences 72 00:02:43,866 --> 00:02:45,933 between China and the West 73 00:02:45,933 --> 00:02:48,700 The left picture shows the silk reeling - 74 00:02:48,700 --> 00:02:52,533 spinning - weaving - garment making 75 00:02:52,533 --> 00:02:56,300 process in Brocade Chronicles 76 00:02:56,300 --> 00:02:58,766 and the right picture shows the comparison 77 00:02:58,766 --> 00:03:01,066 between silk fiber fragments and phoenix- 78 00:03:01,066 --> 00:03:04,000 patterned brocade robes unearthed 79 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,166 from the No.1 Chu Tomb in Mashan 80 00:03:07,166 --> 00:03:08,133 Jiangling 81 00:03:08,133 --> 00:03:10,300 3.3 Historical Context: 82 00:03:10,300 --> 00:03:12,433 From Material Exchange to 83 00:03:12,433 --> 00:03:14,100 the Establishment of the Concept 84 00:03:14,100 --> 00:03:15,900 The development of the Silk Road 85 00:03:15,900 --> 00:03:17,533 is divided in ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）