第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第8讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说Lavoisier对那个年轻科学家的新燃烧理论做了“dismissive remarks”，这个dismissive具体是啥意思呀？是单纯的不礼貌还是觉得对方没资格提？
2. 文中提到Lavoisier作为皇家科学院成员要关注“topical”话题，比如催眠术和巴黎供水。这里的topical是不是就是指现在很火的时事新闻？为什么科学家还要管这些看似不相关的社会热点？
3. Lavoisier明明有13,000个烧杯，实验室好到“preposterous”（荒唐）的程度，结果却一个元素都没发现。这跟他拥有这么多顶级实验器材之间有什么矛盾吗？
4. 讲稿里特别强调了“not incidentally”有三分之二的元素还没被发现，这个短语在这里起什么作用？为什么老师要特意解释它不是“by the way”随便提提？
5. 那个被Lavoisier否定的年轻科学家Jean Paul Marat后来成了历史名人，你觉得Lavoisier这种“科学打假”的行为，对当时的科学进步和人际关系分别有什么影响？

1. Teacher, the transcript says Lavoisier made 'dismissive remarks' about the young scientist's theory. What does 'dismissive' exactly mean here? Is it just rude, or does he think the suggestion is unworthy of consideration?
2. The text mentions Lavoisier had to stay 'topical' on issues like mesmerism and Paris water supply. Does 'topical' just mean current news? Why would a scientist need to care about these seemingly unrelated social hot topics?
3. Lavoisier had 13,000 beakers and a 'preposterous' (absurdly extravagant) lab, yet he discovered zero elements. What's the contradiction or irony between his top-tier equipment and his lack of discoveries?
4. The transcript specifically highlights 'not incidentally' that two-thirds of the elements were still unknown. What is the function of this phrase here? Why did the teacher emphasize it's not just a casual 'by the way'?
5. The young scientist rejected by Lavoisier, Jean Paul Marat, later became a famous historical figure. In your opinion, what impact did Lavoisier's 'anti-pseudoscience' stance have on scientific progress versus personal relationships at that time?

1 00:00:04,980 --> 00:00:08,300 As a leading member of the Academy Julia de Zions, 2 00:00:08,520 --> 00:00:12,000 he was also required to take an informed and active 3 00:00:12,000 --> 00:00:15,540 interest in whatever was topical hyp notism, 4 00:00:15,700 --> 00:00:18,600 prison reform,the respiration of insects, 5 00:00:18,900 --> 00:00:21,480 the water supply of parrots.这个 6 00:00:22,820 --> 00:00:25,600 法语的词大家也可以猜一下, 7 00:00:25,700 --> 00:00:28,260 基本看得出来,这个相当于是 Academy, 8 00:00:28,380 --> 00:00:31,060 这个就是 Royal,那这里就是 Science, 9 00:00:31,160 --> 00:00:34,120 也就是皇家科学院。 10 00:00:34,120 --> 00:00:35,060 作 11 00:00:35,250 --> 00:00:46,530 为皇家科学院的首席成员他有责 12 00:00:46,630 --> 00:00:53,590 任去积极的关注某一些东西积极的关注并且去了解掌 13 00:00:53,590 --> 00:00:58,590 握一些信息掌握一些情况他要了解哪些东西呢是 in 14 00:00:58,590 --> 00:01:02,210 whatever was topicaltopical means relating to 15 00:01:02,210 --> 00:01:02,970 current affairs 16 00:01:03,990 --> 00:01:09,670 与时事相关的也就是现在比较热门的一些东西不管是 17 00:01:09,670 --> 00:01:16,450 什么只要是大家特别关心的一些科学方面的东西他都 18 00:01:16,450 --> 00:01:21,030 得要去了解这些热门话题包括 Hyp notism 19 00:01:21,190 --> 00:01:28,090 催眠术这个词 Hyp notism 它的词源是来自希腊神话中 20 00:01:28,090 --> 00:01:30,470 的睡神的名字叫 Hypnos 21 00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:35,260 Prison reform 监狱改革 The respiration of insects 22 00:01:35,840 --> 00:01:40,680 昆虫的呼吸作用 Respiration means the process of 23 00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:41,100 breathing 24 00:01:41,680 --> 00:01:46,600 And the water supply of Paris 还有巴黎的水供应这些事 25 00:01:46,600 --> 00:01:52,020 情好了这个催眠术它并不是说只是让一个人睡着了不 26 00:01:52,020 --> 00:01:55,820 是这样的是当时呢有一些科学家认为 27 00:01:56,380 --> 00:02:02,060 所有的动物的躯体里面流淌着一种有磁性的液体控制 28 00:02:02,060 --> 00:02:06,620 着人体的健康与疾病这个听起来有点像我们说的气但 29 00:02:06,620 --> 00:02:11,420 其实它不是那么个意思它就认为人体中有一种具有磁 30 00:02:11,420 --> 00:02:12,180 性的液体 31 00:02:13,400 --> 00:02:14,700 那有一个科学家 32 00:02:15,340 --> 00:02:22,240 就是梅斯梅尔他又发明了控制人体磁液的催眠术他认 33 00:02:22,240 --> 00:02:27,700 为这样可以治病当时在贵族当中这个还是非常时髦的 34 00:02:27,700 --> 00:02:30,720 他们有这样的催眠会所 35 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:37,180 收费还是挺贵这些贵族就聚集在一起由这个催眠师给 36 00:02:37,180 --> 00:02:39,260 他们催眠然后给他们治病什么的 37 00:02:40,180 --> 00:02:41,780 法国的皇家科学院 38 00:02:42,880 --> 00:02:48,900 组织了一次针对催眠术的调查这个调查的委员就包括 39 00:02:48,900 --> 00:02:53,520 这个 Levizier 还有一个是大家也熟悉的一个人就是美 40 00:02:53,520 --> 00:02:56,360 国的开国元勋 Benjamin Franklin 41 00:02:57,300 --> 00:03:03,020 Lavoisier 通过实验的方式证明磁液其实是不存在的 42 00:03:03,500 --> 00:03:08,300 其实是催眠师们过度的想象也就是说他认为这是伪科 43 00:03:08,300 --> 00:03:11,720 学所以这个 Lavoisier 也还参与了这个科学打假的行 44 00:03:11,720 --> 00:03:12,020 动 45 00:03:35,020 --> 00:03:40,560 就是在这样的一个岗位上也就是作为皇家科学院的首 46 00:03:40,560 --> 00:03:43,880 席科学家这样的一个岗位上他 47 00:03:44,100 --> 00:03:47,680 made some dismissive remarks about a new theory of 48 00:03:47,680 --> 00:03:48,120 combustion 49 00:03:48,840 --> 00:03:53,840 那这个 dismissive 我们要看到它的动词 dismiss to 50 00:03:53,840 --> 00:03:57,680 dismiss means to refuse to consider somethingreject 51 00:03:57,680 --> 00:04:01,340 something because you think it's wrong or un important 52 00:04:01,960 --> 00:04:07,420 也就是对别人提出的一些观点一些建议什么的直接就 53 00:04:07,420 --> 00:04:12,540 给打发了一句话就打发了就是很轻易的就打发了觉得 54 00:04:12,540 --> 00:04:18,720 不值得去多加思考也不值得多说几句话被他否定的拒 55 00:04:18,720 --> 00:04:22,620 绝接受的这个 New Theory of Combustion Combustion 56 00:04:22,620 --> 00:04:26,000 means the process of burning 就是燃烧 57 00:04:26,770 --> 00:04:31,290 是由谁提出来的呢 That had been submitted to the 58 00:04:31,290 --> 00:04:36,030 academy by a hopeful young scientist 是一个满怀希望 59 00:04:36,030 --> 00:04:41,670 的年轻科学家提交给法国科学院的 The 60 00:04:42,310 --> 00:04:43,790 theory was indeed wrong 61 00:04:44,530 --> 00:04:50,630 这个理论确实是错的其实他讲的就是那个阳术我们上 62 00:04:50,630 --> 00:04:55,790 一节课有提到阳术的学说那确实是错的纳瓦西就认为 63 00:04:55,790 --> 00:04:56,350 他是错的 64 00:04:56,910 --> 00:05:00,790 但是 The scientist never forgave him 这里说的这个 65 00:05:00,790 --> 00:05:03,030 scientist 这个就是那个 young scientist 66 00:05:03,790 --> 00:05:09,230 可是呢这位年轻的科学家从此怀恨在心他的 67 00:05:09,580 --> 00:05:15,500 名字就叫做 Jean Paul Mahart 学过世界历史的朋友应该 68 00:05:15,500 --> 00:05:20,520 对这个名字尤其是这个马拉就是他的姓对这个应该是 69 00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:24,840 有印象的好了这是一个什么样的人我们现在站起来按 70 00:05:24,840 --> 00:05:27,300 下步表到后面再说 The 71 00:05:28,390 --> 00:05:31,530 one thing Lavoisier never did was discover an element 72 00:05:32,270 --> 00:05:37,630 他做了好多的事可是唯一没做的一件事呢就是 To 73 00:05:37,630 --> 00:05:42,630 discover an element 他没有发现任何的元素 At a time 74 00:05:42,630 --> 00:05:45,710 when it seemed as if almost anybody with a beaker, 75 00:05:45,870 --> 00:05:46,410 a flame, 76 00:05:46,610 --> 00:05:49,050 and some interesting powders could discover 77 00:05:49,050 --> 00:05:50,990 something new,and when, 78 00:05:51,210 --> 00:05:52,610 not incidentally, 79 00:05:52,630 --> 00:05:56,070 some two thirds of the elements were yet to be found, 80 00:05:56,630 --> 00:05:59,790 Lavoisier failed to uncover a single one. 81 00:06:00,530 --> 00:06:02,610 尤其是在那样的一个时代, 82 00:06:02,790 --> 00:06:06,630 似乎任何人只要手里有一个烧杯, 83 00:06:07,510 --> 00:06:12,790 有一盏火焰灯然后再加上一些有趣的粉末他们都可以 84 00:06:12,790 --> 00:06:18,140 发现一些新的元素 And when not incidentally some two 85 00:06:18,140 --> 00:06:21,830 thirds of the elements were yet to be found 而且在当时 86 00:06:21,830 --> 00:06:25,990 有三分之二的元素都还没有被人发现呢 87 00:06:26,210 --> 00:06:31,830 Not incidentally Inc identally means by the way 比如说 88 00:06:31,830 --> 00:06:33,930 Inc identally,where were you born? 89 00:06:34,110 --> 00:06:35,850 By the way,where were you born? 90 00:06:35,850 --> 00:06:40,970 那么 not incidentally 也就是这句话我不是随便一提 91 00:06:40,970 --> 00:06:46,030 的这可不是 by the way 这样随便这么提出来的所以这个 92 00:06:46,030 --> 00:06:51,750 not incidentally 意思是尤其值得特别关注的是当时 93 00:06:51,750 --> 00:06:56,390 有三分之二的元素都还没有被人发现在这样的情况下 94 00:06:56,390 --> 00:07:00,750 Nav isie failed to uncover a single one 她一个元素都没 95 00:07:00,750 --> 00:07:05,770 发现 to uncover means to discover UN 跟 D IS 都是表示否 96 00:07:05,770 --> 00:07:09,930 定的一个前缀 It certainly wasn't for want of b ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）