第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第7讲S5

1. 讲稿里提到居里夫人虽然拿了两次诺贝尔奖，但没进法国科学院，说是 'in large part because' 她跟一个已婚物理学家有婚外情。为啥这个私生活问题对当时的法国科学院来说这么严重，甚至能盖过她的科学成就？
2. 文中说放射性物质曾经被加在牙膏和泻药里，还用来做矿泉疗养。既然后来知道它有害，当时的人为啥会认为 'miraculously energetic' 的东西一定 'beneficial'（有益处）呢？
3. 'Sufficiently indiscreet' 这个词组用来形容朗芝万的行为，具体是指他哪里不谨慎了？这和后来引起 'scandalize even the French'（震惊法国人）有什么直接关系？
4. 现在居里夫人的书和食谱还得放在铅衬箱子里不能随便碰，这说明了辐射的 'pernicious'（有害）特性有什么特点？为什么过了几十年还这么危险？
5. 文章最后提到科学家是 'unwittingly'（不知情地）工作，这对我们理解早期原子科学家的贡献和风险有什么新的看法？

1. The transcript says Marie Curie wasn't elected to the Academy of Sciences 'in large part because' of her affair with a married physicist. Why was this private matter so serious to the French Academy back then that it overshadowed her scientific achievements?
2. The text mentions radioactive materials were once added to toothpaste and laxatives. Since we know they are harmful now, why did people at that time believe that something 'miraculously energetic' must be 'beneficial'?
3. The phrase 'sufficiently indiscreet' is used to describe Langevin's behavior. Specifically, what was his indiscretion, and how did it directly lead to the 'scandalize even the French' situation?
4. Marie Curie's books and cookbooks are still kept in lead-lined boxes and can't be handled casually. What characteristic of radiation's 'pernicious' nature does this illustrate, and why is it still so dangerous decades later?
5. The end of the article mentions that scientists worked 'unwittingly'. How does this change our understanding of the contributions and risks faced by early atomic scientists?

1 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:08,600 Marie Curie spent the rest of her life working with 2 00:00:08,600 --> 00:00:10,020 distinction in the field, 3 00:00:10,200 --> 00:00:13,980 helping to fund the celebrated Radium Institute of the 4 00:00:13,980 --> 00:00:15,940 University of Paris in 1914. 5 00:00:16,660 --> 00:00:18,500 Distinction means excellence. 6 00:00:18,960 --> 00:00:24,500 玛丽居里的后半生在科学研究领域依然是非常突出, 7 00:00:24,620 --> 00:00:25,820 成就非常突出。 8 00:00:26,020 --> 00:00:28,360 Celebrated means well known, 9 00:00:28,580 --> 00:00:31,000 widely known and widely praised. 10 00:00:31,540 --> 00:00:34,600 她的名词 Celebrity 还是名人的意思。 11 00:00:34,600 --> 00:00:36,260 1914 年, 12 00:00:36,300 --> 00:00:41,600 居里夫人在巴黎大学协助成立了著名的雷研究院。 13 00:00:41,760 --> 00:00:43,680 Despite her two Nobel prizes, 14 00:00:44,080 --> 00:00:47,140 she was never elected to the Academy of Sciences, 15 00:00:47,500 --> 00:00:50,940 in large part because after the death of Pierre, 16 00:00:51,160 --> 00:00:54,360 she conducted an affair with a married physicist that 17 00:00:54,360 --> 00:00:58,080 was sufficiently indiscreet to scandalize even the 18 00:00:58,080 --> 00:00:58,420 French, 19 00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:01,920 or at least the old man who ran the Academy, 20 00:01:02,160 --> 00:01:05,140 which is perhaps another matter.尽 21 00:01:05,240 --> 00:01:11,020 管朱莉夫人两度获得诺贝尔奖她却从未入选法国的科 22 00:01:11,020 --> 00:01:16,560 学院院士 in large part because 这很大程度上或者说大 23 00:01:16,560 --> 00:01:21,320 部分是因为在朱莉先生死后 she conducted an affair 24 00:01:21,320 --> 00:01:26,180 with a married physicistan affair means a romantic and 25 00:01:26,180 --> 00:01:29,240 sexual relationshipbetween two people who are not 26 00:01:29,240 --> 00:01:33,500 married to each other 就是婚外情居里先生死后, 27 00:01:33,600 --> 00:01:36,440 他和一个已婚的物理学家, 28 00:01:36,500 --> 00:01:39,960 也就是朗芝万,发生了一段婚外情。 29 00:01:40,440 --> 00:01:43,120 That was sufficiently indiscreet. 30 00:01:43,420 --> 00:01:45,900 这个 that 所引导的定语从句, 31 00:01:46,040 --> 00:01:48,040 修饰的就是 a married physicist, 32 00:01:48,400 --> 00:01:51,400 指的是这位物理学家,这个朗芝万。 33 00:01:52,170 --> 00:01:54,210 S ufficiently indiscreet. 34 00:01:54,610 --> 00:01:56,650 indiscreet means careless, 35 00:01:57,050 --> 00:01:59,570 careless about what you say or do, 36 00:01:59,570 --> 00:02:02,910 Especially by talking about things which should be 37 00:02:02,910 --> 00:02:03,710 kept secret 38 00:02:04,330 --> 00:02:09,090 这里有这样的一个背景就是朗之万把居里夫人写给他 39 00:02:09,090 --> 00:02:14,470 的情书放在自己实验室的抽屉里边那这些情书后来就 40 00:02:14,470 --> 00:02:19,930 被他的妻子发现了朗之万的妻子把居里夫人的情书公 41 00:02:19,930 --> 00:02:24,990 布给报社以致引起轩然大波所以这里讲到 s 42 00:02:24,990 --> 00:02:29,610 ufficiently indiscreet 说的是这位物理学家它是不 43 00:02:29,610 --> 00:02:34,970 够谨慎 to scandalize even the Frenchscandal 作为名词 44 00:02:34,970 --> 00:02:39,330 的时候 scandal 是丑闻的意思作为动词 scandalize it 45 00:02:39,330 --> 00:02:45,410 means to shock as by improper behavior 就是震惊或者可 46 00:02:45,410 --> 00:02:51,030 耻让什么人感到震惊可耻那这些情书被公诸与众以后 47 00:02:51,030 --> 00:02:56,070 即便是法国人都感到震惊感到难堪这里为什么说是 48 00:02:56,070 --> 00:03:00,350 even the French 可能是因为法国人一直在人们的心目 49 00:03:00,350 --> 00:03:03,250 中是生性浪漫的吧 Or 50 00:03:03,410 --> 00:03:07,250 at least the old man who ran the academyran the academy 51 00:03:07,250 --> 00:03:12,630 means managed the academy 至少是让那些操控科学院的 52 00:03:12,630 --> 00:03:18,110 那些 old man 那些老头子们感到难堪不过这可能是另外 53 00:03:18,110 --> 00:03:20,950 一件事了已经是题外话了 For 54 00:03:22,650 --> 00:03:25,470 a long time it was assumed that anything so 55 00:03:25,470 --> 00:03:29,390 miraculously energetic as radioactivity Must be 56 00:03:29,390 --> 00:03:33,480 beneficial Miraculously 大家肯定可以看到其中的一 57 00:03:33,480 --> 00:03:35,950 个名词 Miracle 就是奇迹 58 00:03:36,550 --> 00:03:42,250 很长的一段时间里人们总认为像放射性这样充满奇迹 59 00:03:42,250 --> 00:03:46,950 的富有活力的东西一定对人类是有一些益处的 60 00:03:46,950 --> 00:03:50,450 Beneficial 应该是有一些好处的 For years 61 00:03:50,450 --> 00:03:54,370 manufacturers of toothpaste and laxativesput 62 00:03:54,370 --> 00:03:58,450 radioactive thorium in their products and at least 63 00:03:58,450 --> 00:04:03,130 until the late 1920s the Glen Springs Hotel in the 64 00:04:03,130 --> 00:04:06,730 Finger Lakes region of New York and doubtless others as 65 00:04:06,730 --> 00:04:10,350 wellfeatured with pride the therapeutic effects of 66 00:04:10,350 --> 00:04:12,530 its radioactive mineral springs 67 00:04:13,670 --> 00:04:19,950 这个 Laxative 是效果比较缓和的比较轻微的一种泻药 68 00:04:19,950 --> 00:04:27,770 就是通便剂期间有很多年制造牙膏和通便剂的这些厂 69 00:04:27,770 --> 00:04:33,530 商把发射性元素镀加在他们的产品里面 And at least 70 00:04:33,530 --> 00:04:40,070 until the late 1920s 至少是到 1920 年代 The Glen 71 00:04:40,070 --> 00:04:43,650 Springs Hotel in the Finger Lakes region of New York 这 72 00:04:43,650 --> 00:04:49,270 里说的 Finger Lakes region 是纽约的一个区域这个地 73 00:04:49,270 --> 00:04:53,850 方有 11 个湖每个湖长得都像是一个 finger 都是长长的 74 00:04:53,850 --> 00:04:57,950 所以叫做 finger lakes region 那这个 Glenn Springs 75 00:04:57,950 --> 00:05:02,690 Hotel 是而这个 Glenn Springs Hotel 其中这个 springs 76 00:05:02,690 --> 00:05:07,510 是泉水的意思那这就是这个 hotel 的名称这个 feature 77 00:05:07,510 --> 00:05:13,270 是指把什么什么作为自己的主要卖点主打什么产品那 78 00:05:13,270 --> 00:05:18,070 ther apeutic 我们先看到它的名词 therapy 是疗法的意 79 00:05:18,070 --> 00:05:22,590 思所以 ther apeutic effect 就是指疗效而 mineral 呢是 80 00:05:22,590 --> 00:05:24,270 矿物 mineral springs 81 00:05:24,570 --> 00:05:30,430 矿泉至少是到了 1920 年代末在美国纽约州的这个 82 00:05:30,430 --> 00:05:35,810 Finger Lakes 分隔湖地区这个 Glenn Springs Hotel 其实 83 00:05:35,810 --> 00:05:40,830 肯定其他的 hotel 也是这样还在大做广告鼓吹它的放 84 00:05:40,830 --> 00:05:43,270 射性矿泉的治疗效果 85 00:05:50,880 --> 00:05:57,420 消费品指的是不包括在工厂里面被当作原料所使用的 86 00:05:57,420 --> 00:06:01,460 还有不包括给科学家做实验所使用的原料 87 00:06:05,740 --> 00:06:12,860 就是一直到 1938 年放射性物质才被正式的禁止在消费 88 00:06:12,860 --> 00:06:17,080 品中使用 By this time it was much too late for Madame 89 00:06:17,080 --> 00:06:23,140 Curie who died of leukemia in 1934 Radiation in fact is 90 00:06:23,140 --> 00:06:2 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）