第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第6讲S3

1. 老师，文中说门捷列夫母亲把儿子' deposited him at the Institute of Pedagogy'，这里的 deposit 不是存钱的意思吗？为什么用来形容送孩子上学？
2. 原文提到门捷列夫在实验室里'not terribly outstanding'，但为什么大家反而更记得他那'wild hair and beard'？这说明了什么？
3. 文中说门捷列夫的突破在于把'atomic weight'（原子量）和'common properties'（共同特性）结合在一张表里，这两者具体有什么区别？他是怎么做到的？
4. 作者提到纽兰兹（Newlands）的八音律和门捷列夫的元素周期表有相似之处，都用了'harmone'这个词，这个类比具体想表达什么意思？
5. 门捷列夫一开始只是' toy with'排列元素的想法，最后却做出了巨大突破，从'玩票'到'突破'之间，他做对了什么关键事情？

1. Teacher, the text says Mendeleev's mother 'deposited him at the Institute of Pedagogy'. Doesn't deposit usually mean putting money in a bank? Why is it used here for sending a child to school?
2. The text mentions Mendeleev was 'not terribly outstanding' in the lab, so why is he remembered more for his 'wild hair and beard'? What does this imply?
3. The text says Mendeleev's breakthrough was combining 'atomic weight' and 'common properties' into one table. What's the specific difference between these two, and how did he merge them?
4. The author compares Newlands' Law of Octaves to Mendeleev's periodic table using the word 'harmonize'. What exactly is this analogy trying to convey?
5. Mendeleev initially just 'toyed with' the idea of arranging elements, but later made a huge breakthrough. What key step did he take to go from 'playing around' to making a real discovery?

1 00:00:06,060 --> 00:00:11,880 你们都同意 Dim itri 是最年轻的不过所有的资料来源 2 00:00:11,880 --> 00:00:16,660 都表示就都同意这一点那就是 Dim itri 我们说的那位 3 00:00:16,660 --> 00:00:22,320 化学家门迪列夫他是最小的一个孩子 Luck was not 4 00:00:22,320 --> 00:00:27,400 always with the Mendeleevs 门迪列夫一家的时运并非 5 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:31,700 是一帆风顺的当 Dim itri 小的时候 His father, 6 00:00:31,980 --> 00:00:33,900 the headmaster of a local school, 7 00:00:34,140 --> 00:00:39,000 went blind and his mother had to go out to work Clearly, 8 00:00:39,000 --> 00:00:40,500 an extraordinary woman, 9 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:43,600 she eventually became the manager of a successful 10 00:00:43,600 --> 00:00:44,780 glass factory 11 00:00:45,800 --> 00:00:46,580 显然, 12 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:50,920 门杰列夫的母亲是一位非常杰出的女性她最后, 13 00:00:50,980 --> 00:00:52,100 eventually means finally, 14 00:00:52,360 --> 00:00:57,400 她最后成立一家非常成功的玻璃厂的经理 All went 15 00:00:57,400 --> 00:00:59,680 well until 1848, 16 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:03,420 when the factory burned down and the family was reduced 17 00:01:03,420 --> 00:01:06,180 to penury.Penury means poverty, 18 00:01:06,500 --> 00:01:07,560 就是穷困。 19 00:01:08,190 --> 00:01:08,560 Well, 20 00:01:08,680 --> 00:01:12,400 to reduce means to bring into a certain state or 21 00:01:12,400 --> 00:01:12,940 condition, 22 00:01:13,300 --> 00:01:17,060 especially certain bad state or condition. 23 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:20,920 For example,to reduce a forest to ashes, 24 00:01:21,920 --> 00:01:24,420 把这一片森林变成一堆废墟。 25 00:01:27,360 --> 00:01:36,960 把某人逼入绝望的境地一切都非常顺利美好可是到了 26 00:01:36,960 --> 00:01:43,880 1848 年工厂不幸吃火烧毁全家的生活顿时陷入困境 27 00:01:56,490 --> 00:01:59,730 That's equivalent to traveling from London to 28 00:01:59,730 --> 00:02:03,050 Equatorial Guinea And to both sit at him at the 29 00:02:03,050 --> 00:02:05,570 Institute of Pedagogy To 30 00:02:05,660 --> 00:02:09,120 be indomitable means to have great courage and great 31 00:02:09,120 --> 00:02:09,520 determination 32 00:02:10,220 --> 00:02:14,260 And to hitchhike means to travel by asking for free ride 33 00:02:14,260 --> 00:02:15,180 along the road 34 00:02:15,970 --> 00:02:21,310 这位不屈不挠的门杰列夫太太决心要让自己的最小的 35 00:02:21,310 --> 00:02:26,910 儿子获得一个好的教育所以她带着年幼的 Dim itri 以 36 00:02:26,910 --> 00:02:33,710 搭便车的方式跋涉 4000 英里来到圣彼得堡这个 4000 英 37 00:02:33,710 --> 00:02:38,510 里相当于 6000 多公里这是一个什么概念呢作者在这里 38 00:02:38,510 --> 00:02:42,290 做了一个类比 That's equivalent to traveling from 39 00:02:42,290 --> 00:02:44,050 London to Equatorial Guinea 40 00:02:44,810 --> 00:02:48,750 大家从这个 equivalent 这个词里面应该可以联想到 41 00:02:48,750 --> 00:02:52,330 equal 平等 To be equivalent to 42 00:02:52,550 --> 00:02:58,210 意思就是相当于这段距离相当于从伦敦到 Equatorial 43 00:02:58,210 --> 00:03:02,450 Guinea 是赤道几内亚这个 Equator 是赤道的意思 44 00:03:02,930 --> 00:03:09,630 世界上有三个国家名称里面有 Guine a 有几内亚比如几 45 00:03:09,630 --> 00:03:15,750 内亚比绍还有太平洋的岛国叫巴布亚新几内亚那这些 46 00:03:15,750 --> 00:03:19,370 相互之间并没有什么关系只是名字正好与一个叫 47 00:03:19,370 --> 00:03:24,850 Guine a 是相同的那这里这个赤道井内外在这儿 48 00:03:25,170 --> 00:03:30,550 因为赤道正好从中间穿过就这张图可以看得出来所以 49 00:03:30,550 --> 00:03:37,730 叫做 Equatorial Guinea 那从伦敦就是从这儿到这儿 50 00:03:38,090 --> 00:03:43,450 很长的一段距离那按我们中国的版图来看的话就是比 51 00:03:43,450 --> 00:03:48,030 我们中国最东端到最西端还要长 and 52 00:03:48,760 --> 00:03:53,560 deposited him at the Institute of Pedagogydeposit, 53 00:03:53,900 --> 00:03:57,140 to deposit him there means to leave him there, 54 00:03:57,220 --> 00:03:59,580 to put him there 就把他放在那了, 55 00:03:59,620 --> 00:04:04,660 把他放在了一个教育学院 worn out by her efforts, 56 00:04:04,960 --> 00:04:11,020 she died soon after 此时他已经心力交瘁 to be worn out 57 00:04:11,020 --> 00:04:12,380 means to be exhausted 58 00:04:12,960 --> 00:04:18,320 心力交瘁不久就去世了 Mendeleev dutifully 59 00:04:18,320 --> 00:04:21,840 completed his studies and eventually landed a 60 00:04:21,840 --> 00:04:23,860 position at a local university 61 00:04:24,760 --> 00:04:26,660 To be dutiful 62 00:04:27,320 --> 00:04:33,980 大家可以看到这里 duty 就是职责责任那对于门杰列夫 63 00:04:33,980 --> 00:04:37,120 来说他的责任他的 64 00:04:37,250 --> 00:04:41,390 任务就是好好学习这是他母亲所希望的 So to be 65 00:04:41,390 --> 00:04:45,330 dutiful means to be willing to fulfill your duties 66 00:04:46,020 --> 00:04:51,020 to be willing to do what you are expected to do and landed 67 00:04:51,020 --> 00:04:56,400 a position means got a position 所以蒙基列夫准找母亲 68 00:04:56,400 --> 00:05:01,840 的遗愿规规矩矩地完成了学业并且在当地的大学 the 69 00:05:01,840 --> 00:05:05,240 local university 就是 the university of St. 70 00:05:05,360 --> 00:05:10,540 Petersburg 圣彼得堡大学在当地的圣彼得堡大学获得 71 00:05:10,540 --> 00:05:12,480 了一个职位 there 72 00:05:13,240 --> 00:05:16,480 he was a competent but not terribly outstanding 73 00:05:16,480 --> 00:05:22,060 chemistknown more for his wild hair and beardwhich he 74 00:05:22,060 --> 00:05:26,320 had trained just once a year than for his gifts in the 75 00:05:26,320 --> 00:05:28,020 laboratory to 76 00:05:28,600 --> 00:05:33,720 be competent means to be qualified to be capable to be 77 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:39,080 good enough for his position 有作为一个教授他还算是 78 00:05:39,080 --> 00:05:42,320 比较称职的 but not terribly outstanding 79 00:05:43,020 --> 00:05:47,100 但是也不是特别的突出不是很杰出 80 00:05:52,420 --> 00:05:58,340 如果他在这个学校有点什么名气的话有点什么存在感 81 00:05:58,340 --> 00:06:00,440 的话那么不是因为 82 00:06:02,480 --> 00:06:08,180 不是因为他在实验室有什么天赋不是因为他在化学方 83 00:06:08,180 --> 00:06:12,880 面有什么天赋而是因为什么呢 His wild hair and beard 84 00:06:12,880 --> 00:06:18,730 而是因为他那一头乱蓬蓬的头发和一嘴的大胡子他这 85 00:06:18,730 --> 00:06:23,920 个头发和胡子 Trimmed just once a year 一年才修剪一次 86 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:26,780 However, 87 00:06:26,840 --> 00:06:33,120 in 1869 At the age of 35 He began to toy with a way to 88 00:06:33,120 --> 00:06:34,140 arrange the elements 89 00:06:34,820 --> 00:06:39,660 To toy with 这是第二次见到这个词组 It means to think 90 00:06:39,660 --> 00:06:44,180 about an idea or possibility Usually for a short time 91 00:06:44,180 --> 00:06:45,440 and not very seriously 92 00:06:46,090 --> 00:06:50,870 好像在把玩着一个想法尝 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）