第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第4讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说学术团体是 'popped into being'，这里的 'being' 到底是指什么？为什么用 'pop' 这个拟声词来形容它们出现呢？
2. 乾隆皇帝把英国使者送来的先进科技产品当玩具扔掉，这跟后来戴维发现那么多化学元素之间有什么联系吗？
3. 讲稿里对比了戴维发现元素是因为 'theorically astute'（理论精明）还是 'ingenious technique'（巧妙技术），为什么后面那个原因胜出？这两个词组具体啥意思？
4. 英语里 'aluminum' 和 'aluminium' 拼写不一样，讲稿里说这是英国人和美国人的分歧。那 'bang out' 这个短语在这里形容戴维发现元素，具体是怎么用的？
5. 戴维用的 'ingenious technique' 其实就是电解，讲稿里解释 'molten substance' 是融化的物质。那为什么必须把物质融化通电才能分离出元素，而不是直接通电就行？

1. Teacher, the transcript says the learned societies 'popped into being'. What exactly does 'being' mean here, and why use the onomatopoeia 'pop' to describe their emergence?
2. Is there a connection between Emperor Qianlong dismissing the British gifts as toys and Humphry Davy discovering so many chemical elements later?
3. The transcript contrasts whether Davy discovered elements because he was 'theorically astute' or due to an 'ingenious technique'. Why does the latter win out, and what do these phrases specifically mean?
4. Regarding the spelling difference between 'aluminum' and 'aluminium', the transcript mentions the UK-US divide. How exactly is the phrase 'bang out' used here to describe Davy's discovery of elements?
5. The 'ingenious technique' Davy used was electrolysis, and 'molten substance' means melted material. Why was it necessary to melt the substance and apply electricity to separate the elements, rather than just applying electricity directly?

1 00:00:25,520 --> 00:00:29,060 但是我们这里为什么要提这么个人呢? 2 00:00:29,060 --> 00:00:34,340 提他的目的就是在 1799 年 During a comparatively 3 00:00:34,340 --> 00:00:38,920 brief interlude in London An interlude means a period 4 00:00:38,920 --> 00:00:42,400 of time between two events or situations During which 5 00:00:42,400 --> 00:00:46,660 something different happens 就是一个插曲也就是 6 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:52,420 1799 年他刚好在伦敦逗留期间呢 He founded the Royal 7 00:00:52,420 --> 00:00:56,420 Institution 他建立了一个 Royal Institution 8 00:00:56,420 --> 00:01:00,180 Institution 指的是公共机构这个 Royal Institution 9 00:01:00,180 --> 00:01:04,760 现在还在简称 RI Yet another of the many learned 10 00:01:04,760 --> 00:01:05,200 societies 11 00:01:05,740 --> 00:01:11,460 这个 Royal Institution 皇家协会其实就是一个学术团 12 00:01:11,460 --> 00:01:12,880 体 Another 13 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:17,400 of the many learned societies that popped into being 14 00:01:17,400 --> 00:01:21,100 all over Britain in the late 18th century and early 19th 15 00:01:21,100 --> 00:01:25,580 centuries 我们先看 popped into being 这个词组我们先 16 00:01:25,580 --> 00:01:27,880 看这个 being 这个词 being 17 00:01:28,220 --> 00:01:33,980 这是名词动词当然就是 be 而这个 be 是什么意思呢 it 18 00:01:33,980 --> 00:01:39,620 means existence 这里有一句名言 I think therefore I am 19 00:01:39,620 --> 00:01:46,260 我思故我在这个 I am 并不是 I am happy 那个 am 而是指存 20 00:01:46,260 --> 00:01:52,740 在因此它的名词 being it means existence so come into 21 00:01:52,740 --> 00:01:57,120 being means come into existencelike a law that first 22 00:01:59,400 --> 00:02:03,700 那 popped into being 又是怎么回事呢它的意思跟 came 23 00:02:03,700 --> 00:02:08,060 into being 没有很大的区别只是这个 pop 是一个相声词 24 00:02:08,060 --> 00:02:12,840 好像 pop 的一下就出现了表示那种蓬勃发展的这种状 25 00:02:12,840 --> 00:02:16,440 态一会儿就冒出来一个学术团体一会儿又冒出来一个 26 00:02:16,440 --> 00:02:20,440 所以用 popped into being All over Britain in the late 27 00:02:20,440 --> 00:02:22,980 18th and early 19th centuries 28 00:02:23,660 --> 00:02:29,660 在 18 世纪末期到 19 世纪初期在英国建立起的学术团体 29 00:02:29,660 --> 00:02:34,820 是非常多 Aromford 建立的这个学术团体呢是 Another 30 00:02:34,820 --> 00:02:36,800 of Them 是其中的一所 31 00:02:37,300 --> 00:02:42,660 正当在英国各种的学术团体各种的科学团体遍地开花 32 00:02:42,660 --> 00:02:42,880 的时候 33 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:47,680 大家有没有想过中国这个时候在做什么呢我们看万物 34 00:02:47,680 --> 00:02:52,800 简史看到现在有没有一种感受就是中国怎么一直是缺 35 00:02:52,800 --> 00:02:56,680 席的这里边一点都没有提到中国人在 36 00:02:57,060 --> 00:03:01,440 这个时期中国正好是乾隆和嘉靖统治的时期 37 00:03:02,080 --> 00:03:04,640 据说有这样的一件事乾 38 00:03:05,080 --> 00:03:10,900 隆皇帝的时期有一个英国使者来华想跟中国做生意跟 39 00:03:10,900 --> 00:03:14,540 中国贸易带来了几百箱的礼物有 40 00:03:14,800 --> 00:03:15,920 寒海望远镜 41 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:23,480 战舰模型地球仪铜炮火枪等等可是乾隆根本就看不上 42 00:03:23,480 --> 00:03:28,960 觉得这只是些小孩子的玩具一些把戏而已挥挥手让太 43 00:03:28,960 --> 00:03:34,700 监将这些当时世界上最先进的科技产品原封不动地运 44 00:03:34,700 --> 00:03:37,400 进圆明园的仓库里他 45 00:03:38,330 --> 00:03:44,570 给英国的回信里面写天朝物产丰盛无所不有远不及外 46 00:03:44,570 --> 00:03:49,430 移货物以通有无就是我们什么东西都有了用不着跟你 47 00:03:49,430 --> 00:03:54,880 们做贸易他根本没有想到仅仅几十年后人家就打过来 48 00:03:54,880 --> 00:03:55,010 了 49 00:03:56,060 --> 00:04:01,180 这幅画是外国人画的漫画画风肯定不是我们所习惯的 50 00:04:01,180 --> 00:04:07,220 但是他确实画出了当时天朝大国这个乾隆的这种傲慢 51 00:04:07,220 --> 00:04:07,740 的态度 52 00:04:17,400 --> 00:04:21,200 And that was thanks almost entirely to a brilliant 53 00:04:21,200 --> 00:04:23,520 young man named Humphrey Davy, 54 00:04:23,620 --> 00:04:27,040 who was appointed the institution's professor of 55 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:29,620 chemistry shortly after its inception, 56 00:04:29,960 --> 00:04:34,300 and rapidly gained fame as an outstanding lecturer and 57 00:04:34,300 --> 00:04:36,560 productive experimentalist. 58 00:04:37,470 --> 00:04:40,230 Standing means continuance in time, 59 00:04:40,410 --> 00:04:43,550 it means duration,就是持续的一段时间, 60 00:04:43,550 --> 00:04:46,250 比如说有 a friendship of long standing, 61 00:04:46,630 --> 00:04:47,930 长期的友谊。 62 00:04:49,740 --> 00:04:50,820 有一段时间, 63 00:04:51,060 --> 00:04:56,660 这个学术团体几乎是唯一的一个在实际推动化学这个 64 00:04:56,660 --> 00:04:58,900 年轻学问的学术机构。 65 00:04:59,320 --> 00:05:02,860 而这个学术机构之所以有这样的坚持, 66 00:05:02,920 --> 00:05:06,440 完全是因为 that was thanks almost entirely to, 67 00:05:06,540 --> 00:05:10,660 几乎完全要归功于一个 brilliant young man named 68 00:05:10,660 --> 00:05:14,600 Humphrey Davy,一个才华洋溢的年轻人戴维。 69 00:05:14,860 --> 00:05:15,620 那 70 00:05:15,720 --> 00:05:18,820 这个戴维是什么样的人呢 Who was appointed the 71 00:05:18,820 --> 00:05:22,060 institution's professor of chemistry shortly after 72 00:05:22,060 --> 00:05:23,060 its inception 73 00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:25,780 Inception means beginning, 74 00:05:26,260 --> 00:05:30,290 especially the beginning of a project 这里说的就是这 75 00:05:30,290 --> 00:05:35,480 个协会刚刚创立的那个时刻也就是协会创立之初 76 00:05:35,620 --> 00:05:40,080 这位 Humphrey Davy 就被任命为协会的这个 profess or 77 00:05:40,080 --> 00:05:40,600 of chemistry 78 00:05:40,920 --> 00:05:45,000 化学教授 and rapidly gained fame as an outstanding 79 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:50,070 lecturer and productive experimentalist 在很短的时 80 00:05:50,070 --> 00:05:55,420 间内就为自己打响了名声成了远近文明的讲师以及卓 81 00:05:55,420 --> 00:05:59,940 有成就的实验化学家这个 productive 指的就是有很多 82 00:05:59,940 --> 00:06:05,260 成果的 Soon after taking up his position, 83 00:06:05,560 --> 00:06:09,420 David began to bang out new elements one after another 84 00:06:09,420 --> 00:06:12,440 Botassium,Sodium,Magnesium, 85 00:06:12,580 --> 00:06:13,040 Calcium, 86 00:06:13,280 --> 00:06:17,180 Strontium and Aluminum or Aluminium, 87 00:06:17,280 --> 00:06:20,020 depending on which branch of English you favor. 88 00:06:20,760 --> 00:06:24,780 To bang out means to quickly complete something, 89 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:27,520 to complete a task quickly or hastily. 90 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:30,060 这个 bang 是一个象声词, 91 00:06:30,160 --> 00:06:33,000 也就是偏偏一下子很多东西就出来了, 92 00:06:33,140 --> 00:06:34,580 很多成果就出来了。 93 00:06:35,100 --> 00:06:39,920 David 刚刚就职不久立刻就发现了很多的元素 94 00:06:40,440 --> 00:06:46,400 大家要注意到驴有两种的拼写方式读音也不同其实最 95 00:06:46,400 --> 00:06:50,8 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）