第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第2讲S2

1. 讲稿里说 Lavoisier 去税收公司工作是为了赚钱搞科研，这里的 'principal devotion' 到底啥意思呀？是说他最爱科学吗？
2. 文中提到 Lavoisier 夫人 'incisive intellect'，这个 'incisive' 除了说聪明，还有啥特殊的含义吗？
3. 讲稿里把化学命名法的书比作 'bible'，这里用 'bible' 是比喻啥意思？是说他像上帝一样吗？
4. 既然 Lavoisier 帮法国建立了公制（metric system），为啥现在美国人在日常生活中还是喜欢用英寸、磅这些英制单位呢？
5. Lavoisier 居然还去调查催眠术并证明它是伪科学，他当时是咋通过实验打假，证明那个‘磁液’不存在的呀？

1. The transcript says Lavoisier worked for the tax company to fund his research; what exactly does 'principal devotion' mean here? Does it mean he loved science the most?
2. The text mentions Lavoisier's wife had an 'incisive intellect'; besides being smart, what specific nuance does 'incisive' carry?
3. The lecture compares the chemistry naming handbook to a 'bible'; what is the metaphorical meaning of using 'bible' here? Does it imply he was like God?
4. Since Lavoisier helped establish the metric system for France, why do Americans still prefer using imperial units like inches and pounds in daily life?
5. Lavoisier actually investigated mesmerism and proved it was pseudoscience; how did he use experiments to debunk the 'animal magnetism' theory?

1 00:00:00,980 --> 00:00:04,960 Although Lavoisier himself was by all accounts mild 2 00:00:04,960 --> 00:00:09,160 and fair minded,the company he worked for was neither. 3 00:00:09,740 --> 00:00:14,000 By all accounts,就是无论从哪个方面来说, 4 00:00:14,520 --> 00:00:17,520 Lavoisier 本人都是一个非常温和的人, 5 00:00:17,720 --> 00:00:21,260 mild,and fair minded,非常公平的人。 6 00:00:21,480 --> 00:00:24,880 可是他所效力的这家公司, 7 00:00:24,880 --> 00:00:27,860 就是那个税收公司,was neither, 8 00:00:28,060 --> 00:00:30,700 既不温和也不公平。 9 00:00:37,940 --> 00:00:42,080 其一呢,便是他收税的对象不是富人, 10 00:00:42,200 --> 00:00:44,500 而仅仅只是向穷人收税, 11 00:00:44,580 --> 00:00:47,480 而且往往是任意的收税。 12 00:00:56,700 --> 00:00:59,440 随意的,这个规矩也是随意定, 13 00:00:59,560 --> 00:01:00,440 变来变去的。 14 00:01:14,580 --> 00:01:20,390 这家机构对于 La Voisier 来说它最主要的吸引力是什 15 00:01:20,390 --> 00:01:21,500 么呢那就是 16 00:01:25,700 --> 00:01:31,860 这家机构使得他可以赚到很多的钱可以去从事自己 pr 17 00:01:31,860 --> 00:01:36,840 incipal devotion 自己最主要最喜欢的东西 pr incipal 18 00:01:36,840 --> 00:01:40,920 means major the most important or fundamental 最主要 19 00:01:40,920 --> 00:01:46,640 的 devotion 他最清新的东西那就是 science At 20 00:01:46,740 --> 00:01:50,620 his peak,his personal earnings reached 150, 21 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:57,240 000 livres a yearperhaps 20 million dollars in today's 22 00:01:57,240 --> 00:01:58,480 money at 23 00:01:59,530 --> 00:02:04,830 his peakpeak 是山峰那这里 at his peak 指的是在高峰时 24 00:02:04,830 --> 00:02:10,440 期也就是钱赚的最多的时候他的收入可以达到每年这 25 00:02:10,440 --> 00:02:11,570 个 150, 26 00:02:12,210 --> 00:02:18,410 000 livres 这个读作 lives 是法国的货币单位现在已经 27 00:02:18,410 --> 00:02:22,390 不是用这个货币单位了现在我们知道是用法郎那以前 28 00:02:22,390 --> 00:02:24,610 是这个 lives Three 29 00:02:25,480 --> 00:02:29,180 years after embarking on this lucrative career path, 30 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:32,740 he married the 14 year old daughter of one of his bosses. 31 00:02:33,080 --> 00:02:37,320 To embark on means to go onto a ship or a plane. 32 00:02:37,540 --> 00:02:39,620 It also means to start something, 33 00:02:39,880 --> 00:02:41,080 especially something new, 34 00:02:41,180 --> 00:02:43,620 difficult or exciting.For example, 35 00:02:43,620 --> 00:02:48,560 to embark on a world tour or to embark on an adventure. 36 00:02:49,820 --> 00:02:54,260 3 years after embarking on this career means 3 years 37 00:02:54,260 --> 00:02:57,280 after starting this lucrative career, 38 00:02:57,480 --> 00:02:59,240 lucrative means profitable, 39 00:02:59,600 --> 00:03:03,460 the lucrative career that has made him a lot of money. 40 00:03:03,870 --> 00:03:07,290 He married the 14 year old daughter of one of his bosses. 41 00:03:07,610 --> 00:03:10,950 The marriage was a meeting of hearts and minds both. 42 00:03:14,950 --> 00:03:15,550 这个 43 00:03:17,340 --> 00:03:23,380 meeting 指的是结合不但是心的结合也是头脑的结合 44 00:03:23,380 --> 00:03:28,900 也就是他们两个人不但是心心相应而且呢智力也相当 45 00:03:28,900 --> 00:03:33,100 Madame Lavoisier had an inc isive intellect and soon 46 00:03:33,100 --> 00:03:37,200 was working productively alongside her husbandinc 47 00:03:37,430 --> 00:03:42,870 isive 我们先看这个词的动词 incise to incise means to 48 00:03:42,870 --> 00:03:48,620 cut therefore inc isive means keen 就是非常敏锐的 49 00:03:49,000 --> 00:03:52,540 inc isive 后面往往跟上 intellect, 50 00:03:52,540 --> 00:03:52,860 wit, 51 00:03:53,020 --> 00:03:58,340 mind 表示过人的智慧还有 inc isive comments 尖锐的评 52 00:03:58,340 --> 00:04:02,320 论 and soon was working productively alongside her 53 00:04:02,320 --> 00:04:06,500 husbandproductive means being able to produce a lot of 54 00:04:06,500 --> 00:04:11,900 results 也就是成果相当的丰富很快她就和丈夫并肩 55 00:04:11,900 --> 00:04:13,680 工作获得了不少的成就 56 00:04:15,350 --> 00:04:20,470 这张照片可能大家似曾相识因为有的中学课本里边用 57 00:04:20,470 --> 00:04:26,750 的就是这张但是她没有把这个夫人放进去而是切割了 58 00:04:26,750 --> 00:04:29,670 把这个夫人给劈掉了把她的手涂黑了 59 00:04:30,190 --> 00:04:35,010 其实这个才是原来这个画作的原貌这是一个著名的画 60 00:04:35,010 --> 00:04:39,250 家为他们画的画家名字叫 David 等一下还会再见到 61 00:04:59,290 --> 00:05:03,730 尽管公务繁忙而且呢还有 busy social life 这个 social 62 00:05:03,730 --> 00:05:07,690 life 指的是社交生活他们两个人也都非常喜欢社交喜 63 00:05:07,690 --> 00:05:11,850 欢去参加各种的 party 去舞会什么的但是他们还是 64 00:05:15,390 --> 00:05:19,810 基本上每天都能够拿出五个小时进行科学研究 65 00:05:23,450 --> 00:05:28,650 而遇到星期天的话就是整天都花在这个科学研究上他 66 00:05:28,650 --> 00:05:35,340 们把星期天叫做自己的幸福日可见他们真的是非常喜 67 00:05:35,340 --> 00:05:37,650 欢这个科学 Some 68 00:05:38,740 --> 00:05:42,520 how Lavoisier also found the time to be commissioner of 69 00:05:42,520 --> 00:05:43,240 gunpowder, 70 00:05:43,360 --> 00:05:46,960 supervised the building of a wall around Paris to deter 71 00:05:46,960 --> 00:05:49,840 smugglers,help found the metric system, 72 00:05:50,180 --> 00:05:53,200 and co authored the handbook Moderte de l'Homiculture 73 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:54,420 Gimique,which 74 00:05:54,640 --> 00:05:57,640 became the Bible for agreeing on the names of the 75 00:05:57,640 --> 00:05:58,140 elements.A 76 00:05:59,260 --> 00:06:03,320 commissioner 像是中国说的这个专员, 77 00:06:03,320 --> 00:06:06,340 就是专门负责某一下任务的, 78 00:06:06,340 --> 00:06:10,980 他这里说的 gunpowder 就是火药专员专门负责火药的 79 00:06:10,980 --> 00:06:14,000 收购和储存 In spite 80 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:19,480 of the time he spent on science and his taxing and 81 00:06:19,480 --> 00:06:23,360 partying he still found time to be commissioner of 82 00:06:23,360 --> 00:06:29,060 gunpowder 他还是有时间兼任火药专员这个职责还 83 00:06:29,060 --> 00:06:32,560 supervise the building of a wall around Paris to 84 00:06:32,560 --> 00:06:35,200 supervise means to oversee 监 85 00:06:36,200 --> 00:06:41,800 督修建围绕巴黎的一堵城墙这个城墙的修建是为了 to 86 00:06:41,800 --> 00:06:46,540 deter smugglers to deter means to stop people from 87 00:06:46,540 --> 00:06:50,400 doing something by making them realize that it is 88 00:06:50,400 --> 00:06:53,920 difficult to do so or by showing them that if they do it 89 00:06:53,920 --> 00:06:56,340 they will have bad resultssmugglers, 90 00:06:56,340 --> 00:06:58,590 you 91 00:06:58,850 --> 00:07:02,250 need to know the verb 就是 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）