第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第1讲S3

1. 讲稿里说希勒发现了八种元素却一个功劳都没捞着，这到底是啥原因？是被人抢发了还是被忽视了？
2. 老师，'made it into publication' 这个短语里的 'make it into' 到底啥意思？它跟 'made into' 有啥区别？
3. 文中提到希勒有个怪癖，非要尝自己研究的化学物，连水银和氢氰酸都敢吃，为啥作者说这是 'notoriously disagreeable'（臭名昭著的难闻/令人不悦）？
4. 讲稿里说 'Prussic acid' 和 'Hydrocyanic acid' 其实是一种东西，那 'Prussic' 这个词跟普鲁士（Prussia）有啥关系？为啥会这么叫？
5. 希勒这么穷还买不起仪器，却发现了这么多元素，还第一个看出氯气的商业潜力，但他自己却没发财，这说明科学发现和商业成功之间有啥关系？

1. The transcript says Shiller discovered eight elements but got zero credit. What exactly happened? Did someone else publish it first, or were his findings just ignored?
2. Teacher, what does 'made it into publication' mean here? How is 'make it into' different from 'made into'?
3. The text mentions Shiller had a weird habit of tasting his chemicals, even mercury and hydrocyanic acid. Why does the author describe these as 'notoriously disagreeable'?
4. The lecture says 'Prussic acid' and 'Hydrocyanic acid' are the same thing. What's the connection between the word 'Prussic' and Prussia? Why is it named that way?
5. Shiller was so poor he couldn't afford equipment, yet he discovered so many elements and saw the commercial potential of chlorine, but he never got rich. What does this tell us about the relationship between scientific discovery and commercial success?

1 00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:08,560 Shiller was both an extraordinary and 2 00:00:08,560 --> 00:00:10,960 extraordinarily luckless fellow. 3 00:00:11,180 --> 00:00:13,040 Shiller 是一个不同寻常的人, 4 00:00:13,260 --> 00:00:15,460 但他的运气也不是一般的差。 5 00:00:15,880 --> 00:00:19,420 A poor pharmacist with little in the way of advanced 6 00:00:19,420 --> 00:00:22,160 apparatus,he discovered eight elements, 7 00:00:22,420 --> 00:00:25,400 chlorine,fluorine,manganese, 8 00:00:25,460 --> 00:00:27,900 barium,molybdenum,tungsten, 9 00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:28,600 nitrogen, 10 00:00:28,880 --> 00:00:29,600 and oxygen, 11 00:00:29,860 --> 00:00:35,010 and got credit for none of them.Poor pharmacist 他是一 12 00:00:35,010 --> 00:00:39,250 个贫穷的药剂师 With little in the way of In the way of 是 13 00:00:39,250 --> 00:00:43,220 指在这个方面 With little 那几乎就是 nothing 几乎没 14 00:00:43,220 --> 00:00:46,690 有什么东西 In the way of advanced apparatus 15 00:00:47,210 --> 00:00:50,100 Apparat us means a set of instruments 16 00:00:50,740 --> 00:00:54,020 一套的仪器一系列的仪器他 17 00:00:54,060 --> 00:00:58,060 买不起什么先进的仪器 He discovered eight elements 18 00:00:58,060 --> 00:01:06,040 尽管如此他还是发现了八种元素包括绿福蒙贝木 19 00:01:06,240 --> 00:01:08,280 乌和蛋还有 20 00:01:08,440 --> 00:01:13,200 养 and got credit for none of themcredit 这个词进过多 21 00:01:13,200 --> 00:01:19,220 次了功劳但是没有一样功劳是记在他的名下 in 22 00:01:20,210 --> 00:01:24,230 every case his finds were either overlooked or made it 23 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:27,550 into publicationafter someone else had made the same 24 00:01:27,550 --> 00:01:28,970 discovery independently 25 00:01:30,160 --> 00:01:35,700 in every case 指的是 in every case of the discovery 每次 26 00:01:35,700 --> 00:01:40,380 都是这样 his finds 这是名词他的发现要不就是被 27 00:01:40,380 --> 00:01:45,080 overlooked overlooked means neglected 要不就被人忽 28 00:01:45,080 --> 00:01:49,000 视了要不然就是 made it into publicationafter 29 00:01:49,000 --> 00:01:55,740 someone elsemade it into 不是 made into 如果是 made 30 00:01:55,740 --> 00:02:02,880 into 经常是指把什么东西做成什么而 made it into 相当 31 00:02:02,880 --> 00:02:08,590 于是 made its way intoenter usually with some 32 00:02:08,590 --> 00:02:12,990 difficulties 我们可以看一下这两个例子这都是网络 33 00:02:12,990 --> 00:02:17,990 上一些文章的标题 Can women really make it into the 34 00:02:17,990 --> 00:02:20,830 male dominated world of special forces? 35 00:02:21,570 --> 00:02:27,450 女性真的能够进入男性主导的特种兵的世界吗? 36 00:02:27,450 --> 00:02:32,620 Ten historical firsts that didn't make it into history 37 00:02:32,620 --> 00:02:33,280 books 38 00:02:34,310 --> 00:02:40,690 没有写入历史课本的十项历史第一这 make it into 在这 39 00:02:40,690 --> 00:02:44,710 两个例子中的意思都是一样的就是 enter 跟我们这里 40 00:02:44,710 --> 00:02:48,190 也是一样 made it into 就是 entermade it into 41 00:02:48,190 --> 00:02:50,290 publication 是被发表 42 00:02:50,880 --> 00:02:53,720 After someone else had made the same discovery 43 00:02:53,720 --> 00:02:54,240 independently 44 00:02:55,580 --> 00:02:59,480 所以他的发现要不就是被忽视了要不就是比别人实了 45 00:02:59,480 --> 00:03:01,920 一步别人想先一步先发表了 46 00:03:02,480 --> 00:03:03,080 他还 47 00:03:03,080 --> 00:03:06,080 发 48 00:03:16,380 --> 00:03:21,380 现 49 00:03:21,930 --> 00:03:24,990 了很多有用的化合物比如说有安水 50 00:03:25,490 --> 00:03:30,150 这个安水在过去的农村丹宁酸还经常会看到有安水池 51 00:03:30,150 --> 00:03:35,270 是做农药的 Glycer in 我们现在生活中经常会看到就是 52 00:03:35,270 --> 00:03:36,330 做护肤品 53 00:03:36,990 --> 00:03:41,840 Tannic Acid 丹宁酸应该也是生活中比较经常听到的一 54 00:03:41,840 --> 00:03:47,050 个词或者就是叫丹宁像葡萄酒茶叶里面就含有这个 55 00:03:47,050 --> 00:03:51,330 Tannic Acid 在医药界使用的很广泛 56 00:03:52,300 --> 00:03:55,560 And was the first to see the commercial potential of 57 00:03:55,560 --> 00:03:56,680 chlorine as a bleach 58 00:03:57,510 --> 00:04:03,010 他也第一个看到了绿作为漂白剂的这种广阔的商业前 59 00:04:03,010 --> 00:04:05,510 景强大的这个 commercial potential 60 00:04:05,850 --> 00:04:10,970 商业潜力那我们现在使用的漂白剂很多都是含绿的 61 00:04:10,970 --> 00:04:11,930 all 62 00:04:12,060 --> 00:04:15,340 breakthroughs that made other people extremely 63 00:04:15,340 --> 00:04:18,940 wealthy 所有的这些都是 64 00:04:18,940 --> 00:04:23,800 breakthroughsbreakthroughs 这是名词就像是 find 是 65 00:04:23,800 --> 00:04:27,780 名词一样的这是突破所有的这些突破, 66 00:04:27,880 --> 00:04:30,080 都让别人发了大财, 67 00:04:30,240 --> 00:04:33,200 而他自己还是一个 po or pharmacist, 68 00:04:33,220 --> 00:04:34,740 贫穷的药剂师。 69 00:04:34,740 --> 00:04:40,800 Sheila's one notable shortcoming was a curious 70 00:04:40,800 --> 00:04:44,280 insistence on tasting a little of everything he works 71 00:04:44,280 --> 00:04:44,600 with, 72 00:04:45,080 --> 00:04:48,580 including such notoriously disagreeable substances 73 00:04:48,580 --> 00:04:51,580 as mercury,prussic acid, 74 00:04:51,840 --> 00:04:53,540 another of his discoveries, 75 00:04:53,940 --> 00:04:58,300 and hydroceanic acid,A compound so famously 76 00:04:58,300 --> 00:05:01,820 poisonous that 150 years later, 77 00:05:02,000 --> 00:05:06,000 Irving Schrodinger chose it as his toxic nerve choice 78 00:05:06,000 --> 00:05:08,280 in a famous thought experiment. 79 00:05:09,430 --> 00:05:11,320 Notable means remarkable, 80 00:05:11,800 --> 00:05:15,320 means it's so unusual that it deserves attention, 81 00:05:16,160 --> 00:05:17,080 引人注目的。 82 00:05:17,880 --> 00:05:21,020 序列的一个著名的缺点就是它有一个怪癖。 83 00:05:21,020 --> 00:05:25,800 A curious insistence on tasting a little of everything 84 00:05:25,800 --> 00:05:30,640 he worked with 那就是他一定要尝一点自己正在研究的 85 00:05:30,640 --> 00:05:37,300 东西 Insistence 这个坚持不是指作为优秀品质的那种 86 00:05:37,300 --> 00:05:43,180 坚持比如说坚韧不拔坚持到底不怕困难而是指不顾危 87 00:05:43,180 --> 00:05:49,000 险不顾别人的劝阻一意孤行的这样他一定要这么做一 88 00:05:49,000 --> 00:05:53,760 定要尝一尝自己研究的东西自己在做实验的东西 89 00:05:54,280 --> 00:06:00,760 包括 not 90 00:06:01,050 --> 00:06:05,890 oriously means famously usually famous for something 91 00:06:05,890 --> 00:06:10,040 unpleasant something baddisagreeable means 92 00:06:10,040 --> 00:06:10,760 unpleasant 93 00:06:11,760 --> 00:06:16,440 其实作者这里用 disagreeable 这个词是属于一种叫做 94 00:06:16,440 --> 00:06:18,300 低调陈述的修辞 95 00:06:18,860 --> 00:06:22,860 因为 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）