第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第6讲S4

1. 讲稿里提到 'haste makes waste'，这个谚语具体是怎么体现在 Cope 和 Marsh 的故事里的呀？
2. 老师，'sort out' 在这里是整理的意思吗？那 'classification misses' 具体是指他们犯了什么错？
3. 'precipitate descent' 这个词组看着挺难懂的，它和前面提到的 'precipice'（悬崖）有啥关系吗？
4. 文中说 Cope 留下的遗产比 Marsh 'substantial' 得多，这两个词在表达‘重要’或‘量大’时到底有啥细微区别？
5. Cope 和 Marsh 最后的生活境遇反差这么大，讲稿里用 'by contrast' 来连接，你觉得这种对比突出了什么？

1. How exactly does the proverb 'haste makes waste' apply to the story of Cope and Marsh?
2. Does 'sort out' mean to organize here? And what exactly did they mess up with their 'classification misses'?
3. The phrase 'precipitate descent' looks tricky. How is it related to the word 'precipice' (cliff) mentioned earlier?
4. The text says Cope's legacy was much more 'substantial' than Marsh's. What's the subtle difference between these words when expressing 'important' or 'large amount'?
5. Cope and Marsh had such opposite endings. By using 'by contrast', what point is the speaker trying to emphasize?

1 00:00:05,900 --> 00:00:06,580 Unf ortunately, 2 00:00:06,940 --> 00:00:10,560 they worked in such reckless haste that they often 3 00:00:10,560 --> 00:00:13,740 failed to note that a new discovery was something 4 00:00:13,740 --> 00:00:14,900 already known. 5 00:00:15,220 --> 00:00:18,340 Reckless means not caring or worrying about the 6 00:00:18,340 --> 00:00:21,160 possible bad or dangerous results of your actions. 7 00:00:21,580 --> 00:00:23,320 Careless,very careless, 8 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:26,720 鲁慢,慢壮的,for example, 9 00:00:26,840 --> 00:00:30,700 reckless driving.And haste means hurry, 10 00:00:30,960 --> 00:00:33,660 for example,they left in haste, 11 00:00:33,660 --> 00:00:35,660 it means they left in a hurry. 12 00:00:35,900 --> 00:00:37,320 with out even saying goodbye 13 00:00:38,010 --> 00:00:41,850 and here is this proverbhaste makes waste 14 00:00:42,590 --> 00:00:48,130 遗憾的是由于这两个人过于贪功冒进他们经常没有发 15 00:00:48,130 --> 00:00:53,790 现自己所谓的新发现实际上是已经发现的物种是已知 16 00:00:53,790 --> 00:00:54,410 的物种 17 00:00:54,570 --> 00:00:58,730 between them they managed to discover a species called 18 00:00:58,730 --> 00:01:02,870 Euphrates anseps no fewer than 22 times 19 00:01:04,420 --> 00:01:10,080 比如一种叫游鹰他兽的就是这样的这个游鹰他兽这个 20 00:01:10,080 --> 00:01:14,960 动物就被他俩给发现了 22 次每 21 00:01:14,990 --> 00:01:19,450 一次他们都以为发现了一个新的物种其实是同一种 It 22 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:22,460 took years to sort out some of the classification 23 00:01:22,460 --> 00:01:27,880 misses they made Some are not sorted out yet To sort out 24 00:01:27,880 --> 00:01:33,260 是整理把它整理出来 Class ification misses Mess 是一 25 00:01:33,260 --> 00:01:37,160 团糟的情况,也就是他俩搞得乱七八糟的, 26 00:01:37,180 --> 00:01:40,440 把那个古生物的这种分类搞得乱七八糟, 27 00:01:40,500 --> 00:01:43,740 后人花了好几年才整理清楚, 28 00:01:44,060 --> 00:01:46,680 而有一些到现在都还没有整理清楚。 29 00:02:04,020 --> 00:02:08,140 great in amount or importance You still remember the 30 00:02:08,140 --> 00:02:12,460 wordinsubstantial in lesson one 第一课学过的 31 00:02:12,460 --> 00:02:16,340 insubstantial 意思是微不足道的所以这个 32 00:02:16,340 --> 00:02:21,480 substantial 指的就是重要而且是量很大的在这两个 33 00:02:21,480 --> 00:02:27,400 人当中 Cope 留给科学界的遗产要比 Marsh 大得多 In a 34 00:02:27,400 --> 00:02:32,420 breathtakingly industrious career he wrote some1400 35 00:02:32,420 --> 00:02:38,420 learned papers 并描述了一千三百多个新的鲜物类, 36 00:02:38,480 --> 00:02:43,140 不仅是鲜物类,也有多于两个蚂蚁的出口。 37 00:02:45,130 --> 00:02:48,830 人们的呼吸,在一瞬间, 38 00:02:48,810 --> 00:02:51,570 意味着让人们无法呼吸, 39 00:02:52,350 --> 00:02:55,990 但在数据上,意味着吓唬人, 40 00:02:56,270 --> 00:02:58,730 惊讶人,或惊讶人。 41 00:02:59,260 --> 00:03:03,620 因此,呼吸的意思是非常重要的。 42 00:03:03,600 --> 00:03:03,860 Impressive, 43 00:03:04,200 --> 00:03:05,800 exciting or surprising. 44 00:03:06,100 --> 00:03:09,240 So amazing that it takes your breath away. 45 00:03:10,170 --> 00:03:12,700 Industrials means hard working. 46 00:03:13,430 --> 00:03:17,720 So,Cope was an extremely hard working person. 47 00:03:17,920 --> 00:03:22,180 He wrote some 1,400 learned papers. 48 00:03:22,670 --> 00:03:24,400 Some means about. 49 00:03:24,760 --> 00:03:30,040 It is used especially when this seems a great number or a 50 00:03:30,040 --> 00:03:30,620 great amount. 51 00:03:45,370 --> 00:03:52,370 在科普那异常勤奋的科学生涯中他一共写了 1400 多篇 52 00:03:52,370 --> 00:03:58,070 学术论文描述了将近 1300 种的新的化石物种包括所有 53 00:03:58,070 --> 00:04:02,310 的生物种类不单单是恐龙 more than double Marsh's 54 00:04:02,310 --> 00:04:06,810 output in both cases output means production 它的产量 55 00:04:06,810 --> 00:04:12,930 in both cases 指的是两者在这两者当中这两者指的是 56 00:04:12,930 --> 00:04:19,990 一个是 papers 一个是 fossils 就是这两个数字都超过 57 00:04:19,990 --> 00:04:24,600 了 Marsh 的两倍 Cope might have done even more but 58 00:04:24,600 --> 00:04:28,120 unfortunately he went into a ratherprecipitate 59 00:04:28,120 --> 00:04:28,720 descent 60 00:04:30,940 --> 00:04:37,420 Precipitate 我们先看这个词 Precipice 先看这个名词 61 00:04:37,420 --> 00:04:43,640 Precipice Precipice means a very steep side of a high 62 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:44,020 rock, 63 00:04:44,200 --> 00:04:48,980 mountain or cliff 这样的悬崖叫 Precipice 那这个 64 00:04:48,980 --> 00:04:55,400 Precipitate 是形容词 It means very steep 非常的陡的 65 00:04:55,400 --> 00:04:57,920 Descent means fall for 66 00:04:57,960 --> 00:05:02,520 这是一个名词 it means for the opposite of descent is 67 00:05:02,520 --> 00:05:09,680 ascend 就是下降而这个 ascend 就是上升 Cope 本来还可 68 00:05:09,680 --> 00:05:14,980 以有更多的科学成果但是很遗憾的是到后来几年他的 69 00:05:14,980 --> 00:05:23,900 科学研究的速度就大幅度的降低了 Having inherited a 70 00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:29,240 fortune in 1875 he invested unw isely in silver and lost 71 00:05:29,240 --> 00:05:33,800 everything To inherit means to receive money, 72 00:05:33,980 --> 00:05:37,180 property,etc.from someone after they have died. 73 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:40,600 The noun of inherit is inheritance, 74 00:05:41,000 --> 00:05:42,300 which means legacy. 75 00:05:42,740 --> 00:05:46,640 A fortune means a very large amount of money. 76 00:05:48,370 --> 00:05:52,130 For example,they spent a fortune on the new car. 77 00:05:53,440 --> 00:05:58,100 Interestingly,a small fortune still means a large 78 00:05:58,100 --> 00:06:01,580 amount of money.This painting has cost me a small 79 00:06:01,580 --> 00:06:02,120 fortune, 80 00:06:02,280 --> 00:06:05,240 does not mean that this painting has cost me only a 81 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:08,820 little money,it means it has cost me a lot of money, 82 00:06:08,980 --> 00:06:11,880 a very large amount of money 他 83 00:06:12,040 --> 00:06:15,120 在 1875 年继承了一大笔财产, 84 00:06:15,200 --> 00:06:18,940 他把这笔钱投资去做白银生意, 85 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:23,620 结果血本无归 He ended up living in a single room in a 86 00:06:23,620 --> 00:06:25,040 Philadelphia boarding house, 87 00:06:25,320 --> 00:06:26,800 surrounded by books, 88 00:06:26,940 --> 00:06:31,960 papers and bones A boarding house is a private house 89 00:06:31,960 --> 00:06:36,760 where you pay to sleep and eat It's like guest house 就有 90 00:06:36,760 --> 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）