第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第5讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Owen 为了推进自己的雄心壮志（furtherance of his ambitions）不择手段，那 'furtherance' 和 'advancement' 在用法上有啥区别吗？
2. 文中提到 Owen 的儿子哀叹父亲 'lamentable coldness of heart'，这里的 'lamentable' 除了表示‘可悲的’，还能用来形容其他负面情绪吗？
3. 哈利波特里的 'Imperius curse' 和咱们学的 'imperious' 词源都是 'imperial'，那这两个词在语气强弱上怎么区分？
4. 为什么 Owen 作为一个有天赋的解剖学家，做 'barefaced dishonesty'（无耻欺诈）却能 'get away with' 而不受惩罚？
5. Huxley 翻阅 'Churchill's Medical Directory' 发现 Owen 占了自己的职位，这跟 'Lucasian Professor'（卢卡斯教授席位）那种‘唯一性’有啥关系？

1. The script says Owen did whatever it took for the 'furtherance of his ambitions'; is there any difference in usage between 'furtherance' and 'advancement'?
2. Owen's son lamented his father's 'lamentable coldness of heart'; besides 'pathetic', can 'lamentable' be used to describe other negative emotions?
3. Both the 'Imperius curse' in Harry Potter and the word 'imperious' come from the root 'imperial'; how do we distinguish their intensity or tone?
4. Why was Owen, despite being a gifted anatomist, able to 'get away with' his 'barefaced dishonesty' without being punished?
5. Huxley was shocked to find Owen holding his position in the 'Medical Directory'; how does this relate to the exclusivity of the 'Lucasian Professor' chair?

1 00:00:08,460 --> 00:00:19,010 鲁文并不是一个有兴趣的男人, 2 00:00:19,230 --> 00:00:21,110 在表现上或性格上。 3 00:00:21,410 --> 00:00:23,890 他从他的中年年代的照片中, 4 00:00:23,890 --> 00:00:25,250 映出他像个愚蠢的, 5 00:00:25,970 --> 00:00:28,490 像在维多利亚电影中的主角一样, 6 00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:31,310 长长的头发,眨眼的眼睛, 7 00:00:31,330 --> 00:00:33,070 一副吓人的脸。 8 00:00:33,670 --> 00:00:37,770 这就是他的表现,那他的性格呢? 9 00:00:38,390 --> 00:00:39,070 我们来看看。 10 00:00:40,220 --> 00:00:42,660 在姿势上,他很冷静,很荒蕪, 11 00:00:42,980 --> 00:00:44,620 并没有任何疑惑, 12 00:00:46,660 --> 00:00:51,620 Furtherance 的动词就是 further It means to promote or 13 00:00:51,620 --> 00:00:54,400 to advance 推动推 14 00:00:54,780 --> 00:00:59,480 进的意思 The furtherance of his ambitions 指的是实现 15 00:00:59,480 --> 00:01:02,040 自己的雄心壮志前 16 00:01:02,330 --> 00:01:07,910 面说到他的外表长得十分凶恶他的行为举止也是十分 17 00:01:07,910 --> 00:01:09,930 冷酷专横为 18 00:01:10,660 --> 00:01:14,950 了实现自己的雄心壮志他不会有丝毫的 hesitation 不 19 00:01:14,950 --> 00:01:18,740 会有丝毫的犹豫也就是他几乎是不择手段 20 00:01:25,320 --> 00:01:29,580 据我们所知 Charles Darwin 一生只讨厌过一个人那就 21 00:01:29,580 --> 00:01:32,440 是这位 Owen Even Owen's son, 22 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:34,440 who soon after killed himself, 23 00:01:34,940 --> 00:01:38,540 referred to his father's lamentable coldness of 24 00:01:38,540 --> 00:01:38,880 heart. 25 00:01:39,240 --> 00:01:40,480 Lamentable 26 00:01:40,500 --> 00:01:46,930 动词 lament means to express sad feelings for 也就是表 27 00:01:46,930 --> 00:01:48,100 示哀悼 28 00:01:48,240 --> 00:01:53,600 哀叹 The nation lamented the death of its great leader. 29 00:01:54,030 --> 00:01:57,510 Now lamentable means pathetic 30 00:01:58,130 --> 00:01:59,270 可悲的 31 00:01:59,350 --> 00:02:07,600 可叹的 referred to means mentioned 向别人提及提起即 32 00:02:07,600 --> 00:02:14,140 便是他的亲生儿子都向别人提及过他父亲那可悲的冷 33 00:02:14,140 --> 00:02:15,800 酷的心好 34 00:02:16,660 --> 00:02:21,640 现在我们再来讲讲这个 imperious 这个词的词源看 35 00:02:23,370 --> 00:02:27,750 过哈利波特系列的朋友可能会记得里边有一个夺魂咒 36 00:02:27,750 --> 00:02:32,030 叫 imperial it is one of the three unforgivable curses 37 00:02:32,030 --> 00:02:36,310 The purpose of this curse is to make someone do exactly 38 00:02:36,310 --> 00:02:40,930 what you want These pictures show instances of people 39 00:02:40,930 --> 00:02:45,710 under imperial curse 哈利波特里边提到的所有的咒语 40 00:02:45,710 --> 00:02:50,890 尽管都是作者 coined 都是作者生造出来的但是它都有 41 00:02:50,890 --> 00:02:55,890 一定的构词依据比如说这个 imperial 这个词在词典里 42 00:02:55,890 --> 00:03:00,890 边是查不到的是作者生造出来的但是它的词源是有的 43 00:03:00,890 --> 00:03:07,350 就是 imperial 这是拉丁文的词源意思就是命令由命令 44 00:03:07,350 --> 00:03:12,170 这个意思出发就形成了 imperial 这个夺魂咒的意思那 45 00:03:12,170 --> 00:03:16,510 就是如果对别人施以这个 imperial curse 你要他做什 46 00:03:16,510 --> 00:03:21,010 么他都听你的英语中有很多来源于这个 imperial 这个 47 00:03:21,010 --> 00:03:25,370 词根的其他的词汇比如说这个我们都很熟悉的 48 00:03:25,370 --> 00:03:30,870 emperor 皇帝 imperial 这个形容词是指皇家的比如说 49 00:03:30,870 --> 00:03:35,650 皇家园林 imperial garden 就是御花园 imperial palace 50 00:03:35,650 --> 00:03:42,070 皇宫这些意思都跟指挥命令是有相关的还有就是我们 51 00:03:42,070 --> 00:03:45,930 今天学的这个 imperialsimperials means giving 52 00:03:45,930 --> 00:03:51,450 orders and expecting to be obeyed 就是依止气势的 53 00:03:51,490 --> 00:03:56,460 专横的那种看更多的例子 Imperious Caesar, 54 00:03:56,800 --> 00:03:58,460 dead and turned to clay, 55 00:03:58,660 --> 00:04:02,780 said Melanie with a sad smile 这里说的 Imperious 56 00:04:02,780 --> 00:04:03,160 Caesar, 57 00:04:03,340 --> 00:04:08,000 就是不可一世的 She dismissed my opinion with an 58 00:04:08,000 --> 00:04:11,140 imperious wave of her hand Imperious, 59 00:04:11,300 --> 00:04:15,040 不由分说,不分青红皂白的 His 60 00:04:17,860 --> 00:04:21,680 undoubted gifts as an anatomistallowed him to get away 61 00:04:21,680 --> 00:04:26,140 with the most bare faced dishonesties to get away with 62 00:04:26,140 --> 00:04:29,620 means to do something wrong or illegalwith out being 63 00:04:29,620 --> 00:04:33,780 discovered or punishedbarefaced you can divide this 64 00:04:33,780 --> 00:04:38,600 word into two partsbare and faced it means having no 65 00:04:38,600 --> 00:04:43,040 covering over the face 跟这个词构词非常相似的是 66 00:04:43,040 --> 00:04:49,560 barefooted 意思是打赤脚的没有穿鞋的 barefaced 67 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:54,220 dishonesty 指的是他在做这些不诚实的事情的时候脸 68 00:04:54,220 --> 00:04:58,560 上都是没有遮盖的也就是说他非常的不要脸他一点都 69 00:04:58,560 --> 00:04:59,180 不觉得不好意思 70 00:04:59,720 --> 00:05:05,600 欧文无疑是非常有天分的解剖学家也正因为如此他做 71 00:05:05,600 --> 00:05:10,720 出一些最无耻的欺诈伎俩的时候人能够逃脱惩罚没有 72 00:05:10,720 --> 00:05:13,520 受到惩罚 In 1857, 73 00:05:13,860 --> 00:05:15,320 the naturalist T. 74 00:05:15,380 --> 00:05:18,420 H.Huxley was living through a new edition of 75 00:05:18,420 --> 00:05:21,520 Churchill's Medical Directory when he noticed that 76 00:05:21,520 --> 00:05:25,440 Owen was enlisted as professor of comparative anatomy 77 00:05:25,440 --> 00:05:29,060 and physiology at the Government School of Mines, 78 00:05:29,280 --> 00:05:31,400 which rather surprised Huxley, 79 00:05:31,560 --> 00:05:34,060 as that was the position he held 80 00:05:34,940 --> 00:05:35,460 T. 81 00:05:35,500 --> 00:05:40,640 H.Huxley 就是我们著名的翻译家严复所翻译的天眼论 82 00:05:40,640 --> 00:05:45,560 的原作者 Leaving through 我们看一下这个 leave 这个 83 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:51,040 词做名词的时候指的是书上的页子也可以指书里面的 84 00:05:51,040 --> 00:05:56,980 page 一页一页的书页那做动词指的就是随意的翻阅一 85 00:05:56,980 --> 00:06:00,140 页一页翻过去 Leaving through A new edition of 86 00:06:00,140 --> 00:06:03,640 Churchill's Medical Directory A new edition 87 00:06:03,740 --> 00:06:07,480 新版因为这个可能是每年都出一本新版, 88 00:06:07,580 --> 00:06:08,720 每年更新的。 89 00:06:09,160 --> 00:06:13,100 Directory is a book with lists of names, 90 00:06:13,440 --> 00:06:17,180 addresses or telephone numbers of specific persons or 91 00:06:17,180 --> 00:06:18,180 organizations. 92 00:06:19,220 --> 00:06:24,000 就是类似是名录或者说通讯录, 93 00:06:24,100 --> 00:06:25,600 企业名录这样的。 94 00:06:26,160 --> 00:06:28,080 Churchill's Medical Directory, 95 00:06:28,420 --> 00:06:31,180 丘吉尔一介名人录。 96 00:06:31,180 --> 00:06:34,700 我们可以看一下这个这是我们现在的 Medical 97 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）