第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第4讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里提到头是 'bouncing away'，这个 bounce 除了指球弹跳，还能用来形容其他东西吗？比如人走路的样子？
2. 讲稿里区分了 'door' 和 'doorway'，那 'doorway' 是不是只能指那个位置，而不能指门本身？
3. 这里有个词 'fraught looking young man'，fraught 是紧张的意思，那 'a fraught atmosphere' 和 'a tense atmosphere' 有啥区别吗？
4. 为什么 John Hunter 留下的标本 'had never been cataloged or organized'？是因为标本太多太乱，还是因为别的什么原因？
5. 讲稿里说 'occupants' 是住在房子里的人，那 'occupy' 除了居住，还能用来指占领某个地方吗？比如军队占领城市？

1. Teacher, the transcript says the head was 'bouncing away'. Besides describing a ball bouncing, can 'bounce' be used to describe other things, like how a person walks?
2. The transcript distinguishes between 'door' and 'doorway'. Does 'doorway' only refer to the location/opening and not the physical door itself?
3. There's a phrase 'fraught looking young man'. I know 'fraught' means tense. Is there any difference between 'a fraught atmosphere' and 'a tense atmosphere'?
4. Why were the specimens left by John Hunter 'never cataloged or organized'? Was it because there were too many and they were messy, or for some other reason?
5. The transcript says 'occupants' are people living in the house. Can 'occupy' also mean to take control of a place, like an army occupying a city?

1 00:00:04,880 --> 00:00:08,140 Once while carrying a sack containing the head of a 2 00:00:08,140 --> 00:00:10,760 black African sail or that he had just removed, 3 00:00:11,180 --> 00:00:13,480 Owen slipped on a wet cobble, 4 00:00:13,580 --> 00:00:17,220 and watched in horror as the head bounced away from him, 5 00:00:17,280 --> 00:00:20,300 down the lane and through the open doorway of a cottage, 6 00:00:20,580 --> 00:00:23,000 where it came to rest in the front parlor. 7 00:00:23,490 --> 00:00:27,030 Cobble 是类似这样的较为大块的, 8 00:00:27,050 --> 00:00:29,770 表面比较光滑圆的石头, 9 00:00:29,870 --> 00:00:32,790 像这样的石板路就叫做 Cobbled Street。 10 00:00:32,790 --> 00:00:38,470 而大家可能原先了解的这个 pebblespebbles 是要更小 11 00:00:38,470 --> 00:00:40,790 更小的讹乱式 the 12 00:00:40,880 --> 00:00:45,960 doorway of a cottagecottage 是类似这样的乡村的小屋 13 00:00:45,960 --> 00:00:52,040 房间不是特别多看去也不是非常的豪华比较朴素的叫 14 00:00:52,040 --> 00:00:58,380 cottagedoor way 和 door 的区别是 door 指的是可以开门 15 00:00:58,380 --> 00:01:02,820 开门的那一扇门而 door way 指的是这个位置比如说门 16 00:01:02,820 --> 00:01:06,040 打开了他站在门口我们可以讲 17 00:01:08,820 --> 00:01:09,300 有 18 00:01:09,390 --> 00:01:15,130 一次欧文拿着一个袋子走在路上这个袋子里边装着他 19 00:01:15,130 --> 00:01:20,990 刚刚从一个黑人水手黑人的非洲籍水手身上卸下来的 20 00:01:20,990 --> 00:01:26,990 头他一不小心踩到了一块潮湿的石头滑了一脚眼睁睁 21 00:01:26,990 --> 00:01:31,610 的惊恐的看着那个头从袋子里面掉出来 Bounce away 22 00:01:31,610 --> 00:01:35,110 from him.Bounce away,这个 bounce 是弹跳, 23 00:01:35,270 --> 00:01:38,010 指的是这个头像皮球一样, 24 00:01:38,030 --> 00:01:41,550 一蹦一跳地沿着这个小路滚了出去, 25 00:01:41,890 --> 00:01:45,470 一直滚进了一个开着门的小木屋, 26 00:01:45,590 --> 00:01:47,850 where it came to rest in the front parlor, 27 00:01:47,930 --> 00:01:50,170 最后终于停在起居室里, 28 00:01:50,230 --> 00:01:51,190 停在客厅里。 29 00:01:53,680 --> 00:01:56,800 What the occupants had to say upon finding an 30 00:01:56,800 --> 00:02:00,860 unattached head rolling to a halt at their feet can only 31 00:02:00,860 --> 00:02:01,600 be imagined. 32 00:02:02,660 --> 00:02:04,940 Occ upant,我们先看它的动词, 33 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:09,160 occupy,to occupy means to live or stay in a place, 34 00:02:09,340 --> 00:02:10,880 居住在某个地方, 35 00:02:11,120 --> 00:02:15,120 so the occupants of the house is the people who live in 36 00:02:15,120 --> 00:02:17,360 the house,unattached, 37 00:02:17,520 --> 00:02:20,660 attached 是连接的,连在一起的, 38 00:02:20,780 --> 00:02:24,420 那么 an unattached head 就是只被切下来的头, 39 00:02:24,580 --> 00:02:26,220 没有连在身体上的头, 40 00:02:26,830 --> 00:02:30,390 rolling to a halt,滚着滚着停了下来, 41 00:02:30,470 --> 00:02:33,970 halt means stop,usually a sudden stop, 42 00:02:34,130 --> 00:02:36,230 就突然停下来了这 43 00:02:37,190 --> 00:02:40,950 句话的主干是 what the occupants had to say can only be 44 00:02:40,950 --> 00:02:42,590 imagined 住 45 00:02:42,940 --> 00:02:49,160 在屋子里的人看到这样一个头滚到他的脚边能说些什 46 00:02:49,160 --> 00:02:54,520 么这我面子能够去想象了 one assumes that they had not 47 00:02:54,520 --> 00:02:58,460 formed any terribly advanced conclusions when an 48 00:02:58,460 --> 00:03:02,000 instant later a fraught looking young man rushed in 49 00:03:02,000 --> 00:03:05,800 Wordlessly retrieved the head and rushed out again 50 00:03:05,800 --> 00:03:12,090 Fraud means full of anxiety or worry It means tense 就是 51 00:03:12,090 --> 00:03:14,610 紧张 A fraught atmosphere 52 00:03:15,010 --> 00:03:17,750 紧张的气氛 A fraught situation 53 00:03:18,270 --> 00:03:25,920 紧张的形式 Retrieve 我们之前有学过一种狗叫 Golden 54 00:03:25,920 --> 00:03:27,660 Retriever 鸡 55 00:03:27,920 --> 00:03:32,660 毛寻回犬 to retrieve means to find something and bring 56 00:03:32,660 --> 00:03:34,180 it back 再 57 00:03:34,820 --> 00:03:39,020 看这里 formed any terribly advanced conclusions to 58 00:03:39,020 --> 00:03:43,180 form a conclusion 就是指得出结论 to draw a 59 00:03:43,180 --> 00:03:48,420 conclusionterribly advanced means very advanced the 60 00:03:48,420 --> 00:03:51,560 terribly 只是一个程度副词 one 61 00:03:52,360 --> 00:03:56,700 assumes that 我们完全可以设想住在这里的这一家人 62 00:03:56,700 --> 00:04:01,380 他们肯定还没有得出什么高级的结论 Advanced 63 00:04:01,380 --> 00:04:05,780 Conclusions 所谓高级的结论复杂的结论也就是说他 64 00:04:05,780 --> 00:04:08,020 们看到这个头他们的第一反应就是哦 65 00:04:08,080 --> 00:04:12,320 这是个头但是他并没有想到很多东西没有去做很多的 66 00:04:12,320 --> 00:04:16,020 联想或者推理什么的比如说这会不会是凶杀案啊之类 67 00:04:16,020 --> 00:04:19,940 的他没有这些 Advanced Conclusions 他还没来得及反 68 00:04:19,940 --> 00:04:20,680 应过来 69 00:04:21,380 --> 00:04:24,980 When an instant later An instant later means a moment 70 00:04:24,980 --> 00:04:30,100 later 就是这个头停下来瞬间片刻之后, 71 00:04:30,180 --> 00:04:35,020 一个神色慌张的年轻人就冲了进来, 72 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:37,540 一言不发地捡起这个头, 73 00:04:37,680 --> 00:04:39,220 又夺门而出。 74 00:05:00,660 --> 00:05:06,960 皇家外科医师学会这个 college 并不是我们平常所说 75 00:05:06,960 --> 00:05:13,700 的招收那个本科生研究生的那种大学它更像是各大医 76 00:05:13,700 --> 00:05:19,400 疗团体各大医疗机构和外科医师之间的一种学会所以 77 00:05:19,400 --> 00:05:26,460 我们把它翻译成皇家医师学会 1825 年年仅 21 岁的欧文 78 00:05:26,460 --> 00:05:33,880 来到伦敦很快就受雇于皇家医师学会去帮忙整理学会 79 00:05:33,880 --> 00:05:34,100 的 80 00:05:40,300 --> 00:05:40,860 去 81 00:05:41,050 --> 00:05:47,390 整理那规模浩大但是凌乱不堪的医学和解剖学的标本 82 00:05:57,980 --> 00:06:01,600 but had never been cataloged or organized, 83 00:06:01,980 --> 00:06:05,240 largely because the paperwork explaining the 84 00:06:05,240 --> 00:06:08,360 significance of each had gone missing soon after 85 00:06:08,360 --> 00:06:09,200 Hunter's death. 86 00:06:10,820 --> 00:06:14,400 most of these 这个 these 指的是什么呢? 87 00:06:14,460 --> 00:06:19,000 看文章的时候很重要一点就是要搞清楚代词的指代对 88 00:06:19,000 --> 00:06:19,240 象。 89 00:06:19,340 --> 00:06:21,600 这个 these 要往前面去找, 90 00:06:21,700 --> 00:06:25,080 就是 collections of medical and anatomical 91 00:06:25,080 --> 00:06:30,900 specimens,有这些标本大部分都是由 John Hunter 留给 92 00:06:30,900 --> 00:06:34,160 这个 institution 的而 institution means 93 00:06:34,160 --> 00:06:37,300 organizations dedicated to education, 94 00:06:37,800 --> 00:06:42,720 public service or culture 就是一些公共事业机构像学 95 00:06:42,720 --> 00:06:43,060 校、 96 00:06:43,140 --> 00:06:47,640 医院等等那这里的 i ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）