第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第4讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说剑龙（Iguanodon）的大拇指被安到了鼻子上，为什么科学家会犯这种错误，这跟化石的发现方式有什么关系？
2. 讲稿里对比了 'bipedal' 和 'quadrupedal'，这两个词的前缀 'bi-' 和 'qua-' 分别代表几，能再详细解释下它们的区别吗？
3. 这里的 'bitterness' 不是指味道苦，而是指心里的悲愤，这种用法在日常生活里常见吗？有没有其他类似的引申义例子？
4. 水晶宫博览会（The Great Exhibition）为什么会被叫作水晶宫博览会？它的主体结构 'glass and cast iron structure' 有什么特别之处？
5. 既然这些恐龙模型在科学上是不准确的，为什么当时还要花那么大精力去重建水晶宫并制作这些模型，这对当时的维多利亚时代意味着什么？

1. Teacher, the script says the Iguanodon's thumb was placed on its nose. Why would scientists make such a mistake, and how is it related to how the fossils were discovered?
2. The script compares 'bipedal' and 'quadrupedal'. The prefixes 'bi-' and 'qua-' stand for two and four respectively, right? Can you explain the difference between them in more detail?
3. Here, 'bitterness' doesn't mean the taste is bitter, but rather psychological resentment or anger. Is this usage common in daily life? Are there other similar extended meanings?
4. Why was the Great Exhibition also called the Crystal Palace Exhibition? What was special about its main structure, the 'glass and cast iron structure'?
5. Since these dinosaur models were scientifically inaccurate, why did they still go to such great lengths to rebuild the Crystal Palace and create these models? What did this signify for the Victorian era at that time?

1 00:00:37,900 --> 00:00:38,720 奇怪的造景 2 00:00:38,820 --> 00:00:42,820 奇怪的景象 The world's first life sized models of 3 00:00:42,820 --> 00:00:47,840 dinosaurs Life sized means as big as life as large as 4 00:00:47,840 --> 00:00:53,280 life 跟真实尺寸一样大小的也就是世界上最早的按照 5 00:00:53,280 --> 00:00:57,260 真实尺寸塑造的恐龙模型 Not 6 00:00:57,420 --> 00:01:01,300 many people travel there these days but once this was 7 00:01:01,300 --> 00:01:04,560 one of the most popular attractions in London In 8 00:01:04,560 --> 00:01:04,920 effect, 9 00:01:05,140 --> 00:01:08,960 as Rachel Forty has noted The world's first theme park 10 00:01:08,960 --> 00:01:14,680 现在已经没有多少人专门到那儿去了但曾几何时 Once 11 00:01:14,920 --> 00:01:18,620 曾经这可是 one of the most popular attractions in 12 00:01:18,620 --> 00:01:22,680 London An attraction is a place or something that 13 00:01:22,680 --> 00:01:28,460 attracts many people 这可是伦敦最热门的最受欢迎的 14 00:01:28,460 --> 00:01:32,200 景点之一 In effect means in fact, 15 00:01:32,300 --> 00:01:37,310 actually 实际上正如 Richard Forty 所指出的那样它还 16 00:01:37,310 --> 00:01:40,980 是世界上的第一座主题公园好 17 00:01:41,300 --> 00:01:44,950 现在我们再来介绍一下 Crystal Palace Park 尤其是这 18 00:01:44,950 --> 00:01:48,340 个 Crystal Palace 水晶宫这是怎么回事 19 00:01:49,880 --> 00:01:55,920 首先先要讲一下这个 1851 年的万国工业博览会这是英 20 00:01:55,920 --> 00:02:00,560 国维多利亚时期的第一次世界性的博览会是我们现在 21 00:02:00,560 --> 00:02:01,940 世博会的前身 22 00:02:02,470 --> 00:02:08,490 当时呢展出了五个多月参观人次达到六百万这代表着 23 00:02:08,490 --> 00:02:12,370 维多利亚女王的辉煌时代一个工业军事 24 00:02:12,450 --> 00:02:17,850 经济各方面都高度发展的大英帝国这个博览会在历史 25 00:02:17,850 --> 00:02:20,430 上又被简称为 The Great Exhibition 26 00:02:20,930 --> 00:02:26,750 又称为 The Crystal Palace Exhibition 水晶宫博览会那 27 00:02:26,750 --> 00:02:31,750 是因为这个博览会的主体建筑是一座称为水晶宫的建 28 00:02:31,750 --> 00:02:37,900 筑这个建筑是玻璃跟铁架构成的 29 00:02:40,820 --> 00:02:46,080 这是内部因为是玻璃所以白天这里面是不需要额外的 30 00:02:46,080 --> 00:02:46,400 照明 31 00:02:47,590 --> 00:02:52,810 这个水晶宫原来是建在海德公园也就是英国的市区在 32 00:02:52,810 --> 00:02:58,930 博览会结束以后整体被搬迁到英国南部也就是前面说 33 00:02:58,930 --> 00:03:03,650 到的那个 C itah am 这个地方因为那里地比较大而有一 34 00:03:03,650 --> 00:03:08,200 个县城的一个 park 那自从这个水晶宫被搬到那以后这 35 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:12,130 个 park 就变成了 Crystal Palace Park 水晶宫公园了 36 00:03:12,130 --> 00:03:18,050 Quite a lot about the models is not strictly correct 实 37 00:03:18,050 --> 00:03:22,930 际上关于这些模型有很多方面严格的来说是不准确的 38 00:03:22,930 --> 00:03:27,250 The Iguanod on's thumb has been placed on its nose 比如 39 00:03:27,250 --> 00:03:33,180 说前面说到的擎龙 Iguanod on 它的 thumb 大拇指被按到 40 00:03:33,180 --> 00:03:34,350 了鼻子上面 41 00:03:35,730 --> 00:03:37,010 as a kind of spike 42 00:03:37,590 --> 00:03:42,230 按到鼻子上那就不再是大拇指了看过去就像是一根尖 43 00:03:42,230 --> 00:03:44,690 刺 spike 这样的就叫 spike 44 00:03:45,330 --> 00:03:50,930 那因为这些化石它们被发现的时候是散落各地的所以 45 00:03:50,930 --> 00:03:54,290 科学家们把它们拼起来的时候有可能就会出错 46 00:03:54,860 --> 00:03:59,380 and it stands on four sturdy legssturdy legs means 47 00:03:59,380 --> 00:04:05,180 strong legs 而且它是四脚着地有着四只粗壮的脚 48 00:04:05,180 --> 00:04:08,980 making it look like a rather st out and awkwardly 49 00:04:08,980 --> 00:04:12,820 overgrown dogst out means short and fat 50 00:04:13,480 --> 00:04:16,800 看上去像一条肥胖的大凳狗 51 00:04:17,640 --> 00:04:22,140 in life the iguan as did not crouch on all fours but was 52 00:04:22,140 --> 00:04:27,740 bipedal 或者读作 bipedalcrouch 就是这样 53 00:04:27,860 --> 00:04:34,940 蹲伏 On all fours 是指四脚着地的 Fours 指的是四肢 All 54 00:04:34,940 --> 00:04:40,200 the four limbs 实际上秦龙并不是这样四脚着地蹲伏在 55 00:04:40,200 --> 00:04:44,860 地上像鳄鱼那样的 Bipedal means traveling on two legs 56 00:04:44,860 --> 00:04:51,460 就是两足行走的就是像这样它走的时候是靠着两条后 57 00:04:51,460 --> 00:04:56,300 腿支撑的前面那个并没有着地所以叫做 Bipedal 或者 58 00:04:56,300 --> 00:05:01,280 说 Bipedal 而如果是四角着地行走的就叫 quadrupedal 59 00:05:01,280 --> 00:05:07,310 要记得这个 bi 这是表示双表示二的这个前缀而 qua 表 60 00:05:07,310 --> 00:05:09,020 示四 61 00:05:24,380 --> 00:05:29,380 就这么看着它们也许你根本就想象不到你就无法猜测 62 00:05:29,380 --> 00:05:36,320 到 Lumbering means awkward and heavy and slow moving 也 63 00:05:36,320 --> 00:05:40,980 就是笨拙的动作反慢的 Could cause great ranc or and 64 00:05:40,980 --> 00:05:45,500 bitterness Ranc or means hatred and anger Bitterness 65 00:05:45,560 --> 00:05:51,270 大家知道这个 bitter 形容词是味道很苦的苦味这个意 66 00:05:51,270 --> 00:05:57,100 思 But here it is not about taste 在这里面跟味道就没有 67 00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:02,520 任何关系也不是指我们中文所说的痛苦 bitter means 68 00:06:02,520 --> 00:06:07,000 feeling angryjealous and upsetbecause you think you 69 00:06:07,000 --> 00:06:11,380 have been treated unfairly 它是指那种受到不公正的 70 00:06:11,380 --> 00:06:13,520 待遇造成心理那种悲愤 71 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:18,200 所以现在看着它们你很难想象这些样子古怪不乏沉重 72 00:06:18,200 --> 00:06:23,120 的野兽会造成什么深仇大恨 but they did 但事实上我们 73 00:06:23,120 --> 00:06:25,800 现在想象不到的事情的确发生了 74 00:06:37,200 --> 00:06:43,320 这个词本身一般指的是野兽非常的凶猛这里也就是指 75 00:06:43,320 --> 00:06:48,920 剧烈的猛烈的 more enduring means more long lasting 持 76 00:06:48,920 --> 00:06:49,640 久的 77 00:06:53,370 --> 00:06:57,730 这个 line 实际上上一课我们已经接触到了但是当时我 78 00:06:57,730 --> 00:07:01,870 没有特意去讲这个 line 意思是血统可是我们在翻译这 79 00:07:01,870 --> 00:07:06,110 个句子的时候血统这个字就不会出现但大家要明白 80 00:07:06,630 --> 00:07:11,950 在自然历史上也许没有哪种动物像这种叫做恐龙的远 81 00:07:11,950 --> 00:07:17,030 古生物一样成了最剧烈最持久的仇恨的中心 82 00:07:17,910 --> 00:07:20,310 这里是 fiercer and more enduring 83 00:07:20,910 --> 00:07:24,850 这个是比较极但是因为这个比较极上面搭配的是 84 00:07:24,850 --> 00:07:30,580 nothing 没有什么能够比它更持久更加的猛烈所以我 85 00:07:30,580 --> 00:07:35,430 们在翻译的时候可以用最高级来替代它就变成最猛烈 86 00:07:35,430 --> 00:07:37,970 和最持久的仇恨的中心 87 00:08:00,230 --> 00:08:00,790 在 88 00:08:02,260 --> 00:08:08,720 建造这些恐龙模型的时候 C itih am 还是在于伦敦的边 89 00:08:08,720 --> 00:08:13,280 缘也就是在郊区当时还是算是郊区 and it's spacious 90 00:08:13,280 --> 00:08:18,380 parkspacious 在第一刻的时候建过指的是空间非常广 91 00:08:18,380 --> 00:08:24,520 阔的有这个公园面积很大因而被认为是 to re erect the 92 00:08:24,520 --> 00:08:29,780 famous crystal palace 重建著名的水晶宫的一个理想 93 00:08:29,780 --> 00:08:33,680 的地点 ideal place 理想的位置 the 94 00:08:34,230 --> 00:08:38,170 glass and cast iron structure 这个部分是前面的 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）