第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第3讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Mary Ann 发现化石时用的是过去将来时 'would spend'，为啥不用一般过去时？这个时态到底想强调啥？
2. Pterodactyl（翼龙）这个词里的 'p' 是不发音的吗？那它到底该怎么读才对？
3. 'Extract the fossils' 里的 extract 和平时说的 'get' 有啥区别？为啥课文里非要强调要 'with the greatest delicacy'（极其小心地）？
4. 课文里说蛇颈龙和翼龙从专业角度看 'technically not a dinosaur'（ technically 不是恐龙），那为啥当时人们还是把它们当成海怪或者恐龙来看待？
5. 'Strikingly unlike' 这个搭配挺特别的，strikingly 除了修饰 pretty，还能怎么用在描述事物差异上？

1. Why does the text use the past future tense 'would spend' when describing Mary Ann's career, instead of the simple past? What exactly is the nuance here?
2. Is the 'p' in 'pterodactyl' silent? How should I pronounce it correctly?
3. What's the difference between 'extract' and 'get' in the context of fossils? Why does the text emphasize doing it 'with the greatest delicacy'?
4. The text says plesiosaurs and pterodactyls were 'technically not dinosaurs,' so why did people back then still treat them as monsters or dinosaurs?
5. How else can I use 'strikingly' to describe differences between things, besides modifying 'pretty'?

1 00:00:02,670 --> 00:00:06,670 在几乎四十亿年前的热门时期, 2 00:00:06,650 --> 00:00:08,450 传统开始变得非常强烈。 3 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:17,580 这段时间之后,赛典逻辑运动已经移动到了英国。 4 00:00:17,800 --> 00:00:24,060 这意味着英国科学家开始对赛典逻辑有更多的注意 5 00:00:24,040 --> 00:00:24,060 力, 6 00:00:24,080 --> 00:00:29,620 他们开始更加兴趣于核酸研究与其他世界各地的科学 7 00:00:29,600 --> 00:00:31,460 家相比,例如法国和美国。 8 00:00:31,460 --> 00:00:36,360 古生物学研究的这种蜂巢这股势头转移到了英国。 9 00:01:02,100 --> 00:01:06,820 这个句子很长但是它的主干结构其实挺简单就在这 A 10 00:01:06,820 --> 00:01:13,740 child found a fossilized sea monster 一个孩子发现了 11 00:01:13,740 --> 00:01:19,040 一个海洋怪物的化石 Fossilized 意思是已经成为化石 12 00:01:19,040 --> 00:01:24,180 的海洋怪物奇怪的海洋生物的化石现在我们把细节加 13 00:01:24,180 --> 00:01:26,960 进去这个状语就先不看了也就是地点 14 00:01:28,160 --> 00:01:31,560 An extraordinary child Extraordinary, 15 00:01:31,760 --> 00:01:33,960 这个词是由两部分构成的, 16 00:01:34,000 --> 00:01:37,360 Extraordinary,Extra 是额外的, 17 00:01:37,380 --> 00:01:41,060 超出的,也就是说这个孩子是超出寻常的, 18 00:01:41,080 --> 00:01:44,040 不同寻常的,一个很不平凡的孩子, 19 00:01:44,220 --> 00:01:46,720 他叫 Mary Annie,年龄呢, 20 00:01:46,740 --> 00:01:50,200 可能是 11 岁,也可能 12 岁或 13 岁, 21 00:01:50,340 --> 00:01:54,120 Depending on whose account you read.An account of 22 00:01:54,120 --> 00:01:57,060 something means the description of something So 23 00:01:57,060 --> 00:02:00,100 different people had written about Mary Annie They 24 00:02:00,100 --> 00:02:04,100 have given different account of her And according to 25 00:02:04,100 --> 00:02:08,140 them,her ages were different 根据他们的著述, 26 00:02:08,240 --> 00:02:10,980 Mary Annie 的年龄有的是说 11 岁, 27 00:02:11,040 --> 00:02:11,880 有的是 12 岁, 28 00:02:11,920 --> 00:02:15,920 13 岁所以她到底几岁也不确定取决于你读的是哪一本 29 00:02:15,920 --> 00:02:19,520 书 She found a strange fossilized sea monster, 30 00:02:19,780 --> 00:02:24,580 17 feet long17 feet 大概是 5 米多 5. 31 00:02:24,700 --> 00:02:28,560 1 米 And now known as the Echiosaurus 这个 Echiosaurus 32 00:02:28,560 --> 00:02:33,190 就是我们前不久刚学到过的那个鱼龙现在我们知道这 33 00:02:33,190 --> 00:02:35,660 个所谓的海怪就是鱼龙 34 00:02:36,120 --> 00:02:40,280 但是当时并不知道 Embedded in the steep and dangerous 35 00:02:40,280 --> 00:02:43,500 cliffs along the English Channel Embedded 36 00:02:43,580 --> 00:02:48,640 先前也学过了就是镶嵌在当然这个化石它并不是有人 37 00:02:48,640 --> 00:02:53,440 有意去镶嵌在那的所以翻译成镶嵌也许并不准确可以 38 00:02:53,440 --> 00:02:59,240 把它翻译成埋在就埋在英吉利海峡沿岸那陡峭而又危 39 00:02:59,240 --> 00:03:01,480 险的悬崖之中 It 40 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:04,360 was the start of a remarkable career 41 00:03:04,880 --> 00:03:09,580 Mary Elling 从此开启了她不同寻常的职业生涯 Elling 42 00:03:09,580 --> 00:03:13,300 would spend the next 35 years gathering fossilswhich 43 00:03:13,300 --> 00:03:14,600 she sold to visitors 44 00:03:15,260 --> 00:03:18,060 大家注意一下这个时态 Wood 45 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:24,580 这是过去将来时安宁将会在她接下来的 35 年中不断地 46 00:03:24,580 --> 00:03:26,800 收集化石把它卖给 visitors 47 00:03:28,060 --> 00:03:33,020 那之所以用过去将来时是因为安宁在这个时候还只是 48 00:03:33,020 --> 00:03:38,280 一个十几岁的小女孩所以对她来讲 30 多年的生涯是未 49 00:03:38,280 --> 00:03:42,660 来的而整件事情现在又已经是过去的了所以要用过去 50 00:03:42,660 --> 00:03:43,300 将来时 51 00:03:45,110 --> 00:03:48,870 She is commonly held to be the source of the famous 52 00:03:48,870 --> 00:03:49,690 tongue twister 53 00:03:57,270 --> 00:04:03,630 人们普遍认为人们普遍相信它就是那个著名的英语绕 54 00:04:03,630 --> 00:04:04,110 口令 55 00:04:06,210 --> 00:04:08,510 这个绕口令的来源 56 00:04:09,050 --> 00:04:13,110 也就是里边说的这个 she 其实就是指它这 57 00:04:13,780 --> 00:04:18,500 就是那个绕口令这个绕口令是为了来练习 s 和 sh 的发 58 00:04:18,500 --> 00:04:22,800 音 She sells seashells by the seashore The seashells 59 00:04:22,800 --> 00:04:24,420 she sells are seashells, 60 00:04:24,420 --> 00:04:28,360 I'm sure So if she sells seashells by the seashore Then 61 00:04:28,360 --> 00:04:30,280 I'm sure she sells seashore shells 62 00:04:32,650 --> 00:04:36,070 She would also find the first plesiosaurus Another 63 00:04:36,070 --> 00:04:38,910 marine monster And one of the first and best 64 00:04:38,910 --> 00:04:44,410 pterodactyls 海誓过去将来时表示此后他将发现世界 65 00:04:44,410 --> 00:04:49,770 上第一个蛇颈龙化石这也是一个海怪 The first and 66 00:04:49,770 --> 00:04:55,910 best 既是第一个也是保存最完好的一手龙的化石这个 67 00:04:55,910 --> 00:05:00,230 词要注意 P 是不翻音的读作 pterodactyls 68 00:05:00,860 --> 00:05:03,820 Though none of these was technically a dinosaur that 69 00:05:03,820 --> 00:05:08,020 wasn't terribly relevant at the timesince nobody then 70 00:05:08,020 --> 00:05:09,700 knew what a dinosaur was 71 00:05:10,320 --> 00:05:17,340 尽管蛇颈龙和一手龙从专业角度看都不是恐龙但那也 72 00:05:17,340 --> 00:05:21,120 没什么关系 that wasn't terribly relevantrelevant 表 73 00:05:21,120 --> 00:05:23,100 示相关的有关的 74 00:05:23,680 --> 00:05:27,720 那在那个时候这个无关紧要了因为那个时候反正也没 75 00:05:27,720 --> 00:05:30,500 人知道恐龙到底是什么 It 76 00:05:30,660 --> 00:05:34,560 was enough to realize that the world had once held 77 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:37,800 creaturesstrikingly unlike anything we might now 78 00:05:37,800 --> 00:05:42,960 findstrikingly means in a way that is very easy to 79 00:05:42,960 --> 00:05:46,940 notice 很明显的惊人的 For 80 00:05:47,940 --> 00:05:51,560 example,she is strikingly pretty 她美得惊人 81 00:05:52,200 --> 00:05:56,600 They are strikingly similar 他们之间有着惊人的相似 82 00:05:56,600 --> 00:05:57,500 只 83 00:05:57,600 --> 00:06:02,960 要能够意识到或者了解到这个世界曾经存在过与我们 84 00:06:02,960 --> 00:06:08,580 现在所可能发现可能看到的任何生物都完全不同的生 85 00:06:08,580 --> 00:06:11,400 物这就已经足够了 It 86 00:06:13,260 --> 00:06:16,180 wasn't simply that Annan was good at spotting fossils 87 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:27,200 这个句子的结构是 88 00:06:30,200 --> 00:06:32,100 这个结构的意思有点像 89 00:06:33,920 --> 00:06:39,100 就是安宁的不平凡之处他的杰出之处并不仅仅只是说 90 00:06:39,100 --> 00:06:41,320 他很善于发现化石 91 00:06:41,960 --> 00:06:44,600 而且在于 but that she 92 00:06:44,660 --> 00:06:47,940 could extract them with the greatest delicacy and 93 00:06:47,940 --> 00:06:50,040 without damageextract 94 00:06:50,060 --> 00:06:55,040 之前也学过这个词这里有个例句这就是我们先前在学 95 00:06:55,040 --> 00:06:59,280 那个牛顿的那个部分的时候有见到过这个词这是 96 00:06:59,320 --> 00:07:03,040 书上的原句 only with some frantic shuttle diplomacy 97 0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）