第6章 红牙利爪的科学 Science Red in Tooth and Claw · 第1讲

1. 老师，讲稿里提到发现大腿骨的人是谁？为什么现在大家都不知道他的名字了？
2. 那个叫Wister的解剖学家发现骨头后，为什么只是轻描淡写地说它是'whopper'（庞然大物），而没能认出它是恐龙？
3. 'Hedrosaur'和'Duck-billed Dinosaur'指的是同一种生物吗？为什么一个用拉丁文，一个用英文描述？
4. 既然当时美国人对大型古生物化石非常狂热（in a froth of excitement），为什么这根刚发现的骨头反而没引起什么兴趣，甚至最后被弄丢了？
5. Buffon那个观点说新大陆（美洲）的生物比旧大陆（欧洲）的低等，这跟后来人们发现巨大恐龙骨头的事实是不是矛盾？为什么作者觉得这个观点很'奇怪'（strange assertion）？

1. Who was the person who found the thigh bone, and why is his name forgotten now?
2. Why did the anatomist Wister just call the bone a 'whopper' and fail to recognize it as a dinosaur?
3. Do 'Hedrosaur' and 'Duck-billed Dinosaur' refer to the same thing? Why is one in Latin and the other in English?
4. Since Americans were so excited about ancient animal remains at that time, why didn't this newly found bone attract any attention and eventually get lost?
5. Buffon claimed that creatures in the New World were inferior to those in the Old World. Doesn't this contradict the discovery of giant dinosaur bones? Why does the author call his view a 'strange assertion'?

1 00:00:09,220 --> 00:00:12,640 Chapter 6 Science, 2 00:00:12,940 --> 00:00:16,380 Red in Tooth and Claw Claw 就是这样的爪子 3 00:00:16,990 --> 00:00:20,750 从这个题目就可以看出来科学界在这个时候争斗到了 4 00:00:20,750 --> 00:00:26,770 什么样的情况牙齿爪子都用上了而且是朝朝见红 In 5 00:00:28,820 --> 00:00:31,420 1787,some in New Jersey, 6 00:00:31,560 --> 00:00:33,920 exactly who now seems to be forgotten, 7 00:00:34,240 --> 00:00:37,580 found an enormous thigh bone sticking out of a string 8 00:00:37,580 --> 00:00:39,940 bank at a place called Woodbury Creek 9 00:00:40,500 --> 00:00:42,920 New Jersey 是美国的地名, 10 00:00:43,020 --> 00:00:45,460 Jersey 是英国地名,而 New Jersey 11 00:00:45,580 --> 00:00:48,080 指的就是美洲的一个地方这种情况, 12 00:00:48,300 --> 00:00:51,700 我们之前有遇到过,比如说 York 是英国地名, 13 00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:57,820 那么 New York 是美国的从欧洲移民到美洲的人常常会 14 00:00:57,820 --> 00:01:02,040 把自己家乡自己比较熟悉的这些地名用来命名这个新 15 00:01:02,040 --> 00:01:03,480 的地点那 16 00:01:03,770 --> 00:01:08,550 在新哲西有这么一个人这个人到底是谁现在已经是被 17 00:01:08,550 --> 00:01:12,230 人遗忘了也不知道是谁了 He found an enormous thigh 18 00:01:12,230 --> 00:01:16,630 bone sticking out of a string bank Thigh 是大腿 Thigh 19 00:01:16,630 --> 00:01:21,510 bone 就是大腿的腿骨在这个 Woodbury Creek 这个小溪 20 00:01:21,510 --> 00:01:25,430 边发现一条巨大的腿骨从地里面露出来 21 00:01:30,500 --> 00:01:35,340 这个骨头呢很明显它不属于现在还活着的也就是现在 22 00:01:35,340 --> 00:01:38,240 还存在的任何一种物种 23 00:01:38,760 --> 00:01:43,660 肯定不是在新泽西这边存在的物种 24 00:01:51,150 --> 00:01:51,590 根 25 00:01:51,660 --> 00:01:56,540 据我们现在所掌握的那么一点点就很少的那么一点点 26 00:01:56,540 --> 00:02:00,680 信息我们可以判断这个骨头应该是属于 Hedrosaur 27 00:02:00,680 --> 00:02:05,260 Hedrosaur 的意思就是 Large Duck billed Dinosaur 就是 28 00:02:05,260 --> 00:02:11,020 鸭嘴龙 billed 指的是鸟类的会鸟类的嘴巴叫 billed 29 00:02:12,220 --> 00:02:17,400 我们可以看到这个嘴巴是又宽又扁又厚 30 00:02:19,030 --> 00:02:22,740 那这个 Hedrosaur 跟 Duck billed Dinosaur 这两个指的 31 00:02:22,740 --> 00:02:27,050 是同样的东西但是 Hedrosaur 是它的拉丁文的名称 32 00:02:27,050 --> 00:02:30,090 Adopted Dinosaur 可以算是英文名字了 33 00:02:30,840 --> 00:02:32,980 At the time dinosaurs were unknown 34 00:02:33,580 --> 00:02:37,820 不过在那个时候大家都还没听说过 Dinosaur 这么一回 35 00:02:37,820 --> 00:02:38,040 事 36 00:02:39,020 --> 00:02:40,620 The bone was sent to Dr. 37 00:02:40,700 --> 00:02:44,440 Caspar Vista the nation's leading anatomist who 38 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:46,580 described it at a meeting of the American 39 00:02:46,580 --> 00:02:49,600 Philosophical Society in Philadelphia that autumn 40 00:02:50,370 --> 00:02:56,310 这个骨头呢就被送到了 C aspar Vista 那里他是权威的 41 00:02:56,310 --> 00:03:03,970 解剖学家后来他在费城举行的一次美国哲学协会召开 42 00:03:03,970 --> 00:03:06,650 的一个会议里面描述过这根骨头 43 00:03:06,740 --> 00:03:09,060 遗憾的是 Unf ortunately, 44 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:13,100 Wister failed completely to recognize the bone's 45 00:03:13,100 --> 00:03:17,880 significance 他完全没有认识到这根骨头的重要价值 46 00:03:17,880 --> 00:03:22,180 And merely made a few cautious and uninspired remarks 47 00:03:22,180 --> 00:03:27,380 to the effect that it was indeed a whopperuninspired 我 48 00:03:27,380 --> 00:03:31,960 们其实之前见过 inspire 这个词再看一下 to inspire 49 00:03:31,960 --> 00:03:36,040 means to give someone the idea for something 是给别人 50 00:03:36,040 --> 00:03:41,300 灵感激发灵感 inspire the story was inspired by a 51 00:03:41,300 --> 00:03:46,740 transmitting with an old dude 故事的灵感来自与一个 52 00:03:46,740 --> 00:03:52,440 老公爵的偶遇 uninspired 指的就是他的这个想法没有 53 00:03:52,440 --> 00:03:57,800 获得过任何的灵感没有获得过任何的激发所以是毫无 54 00:03:57,800 --> 00:04:02,040 创建的 to the effect that means with the general 55 00:04:02,040 --> 00:04:07,260 meaning that 也就是他这个 remark 他原话这里就不写 56 00:04:07,260 --> 00:04:11,880 了或者说原话也记不清了大意是 to the effect that 比 57 00:04:11,880 --> 00:04:15,580 如说这句 he said something to the effect that he was 58 00:04:15,580 --> 00:04:16,060 sorry 59 00:04:17,000 --> 00:04:21,980 他说了一些话大概意思就是说他很抱歉但他有没有用 60 00:04:21,980 --> 00:04:25,740 sorry 这个词我们并不确定只是他是这个意思 61 00:04:27,160 --> 00:04:32,320 a whopper 其实我们在第一章就有见过了就是庞然大物 62 00:04:32,320 --> 00:04:37,780 所以他只是非常小心的但是又毫无创建的毫无真知所 63 00:04:37,780 --> 00:04:41,920 见的就是这么说了一下这个骨头好大 He 64 00:04:42,970 --> 00:04:46,250 thus missed the chancehalf a century ahead of anyone 65 00:04:46,250 --> 00:04:51,290 else to be the discoverer of dinosaurs 所以它就这样错 66 00:04:51,290 --> 00:04:56,730 失了比别人提早半个世纪发现恐龙的这个机会 67 00:05:05,130 --> 00:05:12,090 当时这个骨头 excited means aroused so little 68 00:05:12,090 --> 00:05:16,130 interest 引起很少很少的兴趣 69 00:05:16,970 --> 00:05:22,230 几乎就是没有引起人们的什么兴趣所以它就被丢到一 70 00:05:22,230 --> 00:05:26,430 个仓库里边 and finally disappeared altogether 后来 71 00:05:26,430 --> 00:05:31,570 就这么给丢了 so the first dinosaur bone ever found was 72 00:05:31,570 --> 00:05:36,850 also the first to be lost 所以这是第一根被找到的恐龙 73 00:05:36,850 --> 00:05:40,210 骨头也是第一根被搞丢的 That 74 00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:45,490 the bone didn't attract greater interest is more than a 75 00:05:45,490 --> 00:05:49,150 little puzzling for its appearance came at a time when 76 00:05:49,150 --> 00:05:52,170 America was in a froth of excitementabout the remains 77 00:05:52,170 --> 00:05:54,130 of large ancient animals 78 00:05:55,180 --> 00:05:59,300 that the bone didn't attract greater interest 整个是 79 00:05:59,300 --> 00:06:04,720 主语就是整个句子是主语这是一个主语同句就这根骨 80 00:06:04,720 --> 00:06:09,880 头居然没有引起更大的兴趣这一点 is more than just a 81 00:06:09,880 --> 00:06:13,920 little puzzling this means it is very puzzling 是非常 82 00:06:13,920 --> 00:06:19,980 令人费解 because it appeared at a time when America was 83 00:06:19,980 --> 00:06:23,600 very excited about the bones of large ancient 84 00:06:23,600 --> 00:06:27,620 animalsfroth 就是这样的泡沫 85 00:06:27,700 --> 00:06:32,680 泡泡叫 froth in a froth of excitement 指的就是当时整 86 00:06:32,680 --> 00:06:36,780 个美国处于这种疯狂的状态大家都非常的激动 87 00:06:36,840 --> 00:06:39,140 非常感兴趣他们 88 00:06:39,430 --> 00:06:42,390 兴趣的是什么呢 about the remains of large ancient 89 00:06:42,390 --> 00:06:47,310 animals Remains 我们之前是有学过的就是遗骸残骸, 90 00:06:47,370 --> 00:06:49,330 主要就是纸骨头。 91 00:06:50,930 --> 00:06:54,890 The cause of this froth was a ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）