第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第5讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里反复提到 'myth'，它跟普通的 'mistake' 有啥区别？为啥作者非说它是 'persistent' 的误解？
2. 关于 'propound' 这个词，既然课文说这是第四次见到了，那它在学术语境下除了 '提出' 还有什么细微的语气差别吗？
3. 文中说 Lyell 'put everyone straight'，这和后来提到的 'put everyone on the right track' 是一回事吗？还是说 Lyell 只是纠正了一个具体的错误观点？
4. 为啥说 'literalistic exegesis of Genesis' 是那个错误时间表的基础？这种 '字面解释' 到底是怎么导致科学家得出 '地球很年轻' 这个结论的？
5. 既然当时大多数地质学家都同意地球是古老的，只是对 'how ancient' 有争议，那为什么现在教科书里还总把这个 'Lyell 纠正众人' 的故事当成一个 'myth' 来讲？这背后的历史真相是啥？

1. What's the difference between 'myth' and a regular 'mistake'? Why does the author insist on calling it a 'persistent' misunderstanding?
2. Since the text mentions 'propound' for the fourth time, does it carry any specific nuance or tone in an academic context beyond just 'to propose' or 'to put forward'?
3. When the text says Lyell 'put everyone straight', is it the same as 'putting everyone on the right track', or did Lyell just correct a specific wrong view?
4. Why is the 'literalistic exegesis of Genesis' considered the basis for that incorrect timeline? How exactly did this 'literal interpretation' lead scientists to conclude that the Earth was young?
5. Since most geologists at the time agreed the Earth was ancient, just disagreeing on 'how ancient', why is the story of 'Lyell correcting everyone' still treated as a 'myth' in textbooks? What is the actual historical truth behind this?

1 00:00:06,190 --> 00:00:07,950 There is a persistent myth, 2 00:00:08,210 --> 00:00:16,390 incidentally,and one propounded in many serious 3 00:00:16,390 --> 00:00:16,790 books, 4 00:00:16,970 --> 00:00:20,610 that Us her's views dominated scientific beliefs well 5 00:00:20,610 --> 00:00:21,950 into the nineteenth century, 6 00:00:22,150 --> 00:00:26,450 and that it was Lyell who put everyone straight.Myth 7 00:00:26,450 --> 00:00:29,070 means an idea that many people believe, 8 00:00:29,490 --> 00:00:32,490 but which is not true 是许多人相信, 9 00:00:32,890 --> 00:00:38,950 但事实上又是错误的这种误区叫 myth 或者说误解比如 10 00:00:38,950 --> 00:00:40,850 说,女人生完孩子, 11 00:00:41,010 --> 00:00:44,310 一个月之内必须躺着不能刷牙洗澡, 12 00:00:44,410 --> 00:00:47,790 这个就是一个 myth Persistent means continuous, 13 00:00:48,290 --> 00:00:53,300 长期存在的误解 Inc identally means by the way 意思就 14 00:00:53,300 --> 00:00:57,470 是作者在写着写着想起这个事情也值得跟大家说一下 15 00:00:57,470 --> 00:01:03,470 顺便说一下历史上曾经长期存在着这样的误解 And one 16 00:01:03,470 --> 00:01:07,870 propounded in many serious books means this myth was 17 00:01:07,870 --> 00:01:11,850 propounded in many serious books was put forward or 18 00:01:11,850 --> 00:01:15,290 suggested in many serious books This is at least the 19 00:01:15,290 --> 00:01:19,610 fourth time we have come across the word propound If you 20 00:01:19,610 --> 00:01:23,390 do not find this word familiar You better stop moving on 21 00:01:23,390 --> 00:01:27,950 and go back to review your lessons 句子的主干是 There 22 00:01:27,950 --> 00:01:33,510 is a persistent myth that and that 这两个 that 所引导的 23 00:01:33,510 --> 00:01:38,370 从句都是 myth 的同位于从句就是 myth 的具体的内容 24 00:01:38,970 --> 00:01:42,610 首先是 Anxious views dominated scientific beliefs 25 00:01:42,610 --> 00:01:47,570 well into the 19th centurydominate 是主导 26 00:01:47,630 --> 00:01:54,390 起主导作用的意思 well into 是一直到十九世纪很后期 27 00:01:54,390 --> 00:02:00,470 就一直深入到十九世纪 Archer 的见解构成了整个科学 28 00:02:00,470 --> 00:02:06,310 信仰的主流他的遗读一直流传到了十九世纪的后期 29 00:02:06,310 --> 00:02:07,370 and 30 00:02:07,560 --> 00:02:12,120 that 这个误解还有另外一个部分那就是 it was Lyle who 31 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:16,520 put everyone straightput everyone straight 好像是说 32 00:02:16,520 --> 00:02:22,140 每个人都走偏了那他又把大家拉回到正道也就是说是 33 00:02:22,140 --> 00:02:26,740 Lyle 纠正了大家的看法 Steven J. 34 00:02:26,780 --> 00:02:30,780 Gould in Time's Arrowcites as a typical example this 35 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:35,260 sentence from a popular book of the 1980s Until Lyle 36 00:02:35,260 --> 00:02:39,400 published his book most thinking people accepted the 37 00:02:39,400 --> 00:02:45,100 idea that the earth was young Steven J.Gould 在 38 00:02:45,380 --> 00:02:46,640 时间之鉴或者 39 00:02:46,760 --> 00:02:47,520 时光之鉴 40 00:02:47,580 --> 00:02:52,760 这本书里面 Cites this sentence from a popular book as a 41 00:02:52,760 --> 00:02:57,440 typical example 大家比较习惯的语序是这样的 Cites 42 00:02:57,440 --> 00:03:03,180 this sentence as a typical example 引用了这个句子作 43 00:03:03,180 --> 00:03:07,800 为一个典型的例子这个句子是哪来的呢是 from a 44 00:03:07,800 --> 00:03:13,760 popular book of the 1980s 是 20 世纪 80 年代的一本畅销 45 00:03:13,760 --> 00:03:17,760 书里面引出了这样的一个句子作为一个 typical 46 00:03:17,760 --> 00:03:20,100 example 这个句子是这样 47 00:03:27,040 --> 00:03:33,720 在 Lyle 出版自己的著作之前大部分的思想界的人都认 48 00:03:33,720 --> 00:03:36,540 为地球其实是相当年轻的 49 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:38,760 In fact, 50 00:03:38,800 --> 00:03:42,740 no 事实上并不是这样的 As Martin J. 51 00:03:42,780 --> 00:03:46,900 S.Rudwig puts it 正如 Mart in J.S.Rudwig 所写的那样 52 00:04:00,740 --> 00:04:03,420 这个句子的主干是画线的部分 53 00:04:07,060 --> 00:04:11,980 没有哪一个地质学家会主张这样的一个时间表那我们 54 00:04:11,980 --> 00:04:16,240 现在再把细节挂上去 No geologist of any nationality 55 00:04:16,240 --> 00:04:20,860 不管他是哪一个国籍 whose work was taken seriously by 56 00:04:20,860 --> 00:04:25,460 other geologists 只要他的研究工作得到其他地质学 57 00:04:25,460 --> 00:04:30,400 家的认真对待 be taken seriously 就是被严肃认真的对 58 00:04:30,400 --> 00:04:35,080 待没有一个这样的地质学家会去提倡这样的一个时间 59 00:04:35,080 --> 00:04:39,960 表那这个时间表后面还有定语什么样的时间表呢 60 00:04:39,960 --> 00:04:45,100 confined within the limits of a literalistic exegesis 61 00:04:45,100 --> 00:04:51,080 of Genesis Genesis is the first chapter of the Bible It 62 00:04:51,080 --> 00:04:55,980 is about how God created the world Literalistic means 63 00:04:55,980 --> 00:04:59,500 literal Exegesis means explanation 64 00:05:00,240 --> 00:05:05,140 This means literal explanation of the Bible 也 65 00:05:05,260 --> 00:05:10,360 就是对圣经创世纪的字面的解释就把这个 66 00:05:10,520 --> 00:05:15,800 圣经创世纪当成是一个科学的著作那样去研究 67 00:05:16,300 --> 00:05:20,400 那这里指的是这个时间表是完全局限于 68 00:05:20,520 --> 00:05:20,940 圣经 69 00:05:21,020 --> 00:05:26,100 里边的记载没有一个这样的地质学家会提倡这样的一 70 00:05:26,100 --> 00:05:31,880 个时间表那我们在翻译的时候呢可以根据作者所强调 71 00:05:31,880 --> 00:05:37,400 的部分可以这样处理不管是哪国的地质学家只要他主 72 00:05:37,400 --> 00:05:43,920 张完全依照圣经的创世纪的说法来制定地质学的时间 73 00:05:43,920 --> 00:05:48,360 表的话那他的研究成果就不会受到其他同行 74 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:54,540 这就说明刚才所提的那种情况其实是一个 myth 是一个 75 00:05:54,540 --> 00:05:59,100 误解当时的人也并不都是那么的蒙昧 Even 76 00:06:00,220 --> 00:06:03,960 the Reverend Buckland Despires a Soul as the 19th 77 00:06:03,960 --> 00:06:08,240 century produced noted that now here did the Bible 78 00:06:08,240 --> 00:06:12,140 suggest that God made heaven and earth on the first day 79 00:06:12,140 --> 00:06:17,590 but merely in the beginning Pious means having strong 80 00:06:17,590 --> 00:06:22,370 religious beliefs A soul means a person Soul 81 00:06:22,450 --> 00:06:27,890 经常就指代人并不要把这里就想成是灵魂就是指一个 82 00:06:27,890 --> 00:06:29,510 人的意思即 83 00:06:29,860 --> 00:06:35,900 便是巴克兰特牧师这样一个十九世纪的虔诚教徒他也 84 00:06:35,900 --> 00:06:38,800 注意到他注意到 85 00:06:40,600 --> 00:06:43,000 圣经里边也并没有说 86 00:06:46,040 --> 00:06:51,740 圣经里面只是说 in the beginning 我们看一下这 87 00:06:51,840 --> 00:06:52,600 就是 Genesis 88 00:07:06,630 --> 00:07:10,530 他觉得这个 that beginning, 89 00:07:10,690 --> 00:07:11,950 这个所谓的 beginning, 90 00:07:12,070 --> 00:07:15,450 恐怕就持续了几百万年。 91 00:07:15,550 --> 00:07:18,990 Everyone agree ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）