第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第4讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'as did many of his generation'，这里的 'did' 具体是指代前面哪个词呀？
2. 为啥 'sway' 明明意思是摇摆，在这里却变成了 'influence'（影响力）的意思呢？
3. 地质学家为了适应新的撞击理论，为什么要 'abandon'（放弃/删减）莱尔那本书的一部分内容？
4. 在 'Great Devonian Controversy' 中，Sedgwick 和 Murchison 两个人到底在争同一个岩层的归属问题啥？
5. 文中提到 Murchison 骂对方是 'dirty dog'，这种人身攻击说明了当时的争论激烈到什么程度？

1. Teacher, in the phrase 'as did many of his generation', what exactly does 'did' refer to?
2. Why does 'sway', which usually means to sway back and forth, mean 'influence' in this context?
3. Why did geologists have to 'abandon' part of Lyell's book to accommodate the new impact theory?
4. In the 'Great Devonian Controversy', what exactly were Sedgwick and Murchison arguing about regarding the same rock layer?
5. The text mentions Murchison calling the other guy a 'dirty dog'; what does this personal attack reveal about the intensity of the debate?

1 00:00:05,710 --> 00:00:08,790 In short,he thought him nearly a god, 2 00:00:09,010 --> 00:00:11,070 as did many of his generation. 3 00:00:12,560 --> 00:00:17,660 简单的说,他几乎把莱尔看成了神一样的存在, 4 00:00:17,760 --> 00:00:20,040 as did many of his generation, 5 00:00:20,340 --> 00:00:23,520 这个 did 就是指代前面的这个动词, 6 00:00:23,640 --> 00:00:25,860 就是 thought him nearly a god, 7 00:00:26,080 --> 00:00:30,340 as did 呢,就表示同样也是这样, 8 00:00:30,460 --> 00:00:33,980 就是他那个时代还有很多人都是这样, 9 00:00:33,980 --> 00:00:37,240 都是把莱尔看成是神一样的 It 10 00:00:37,490 --> 00:00:42,650 is a testament to the strength of Lyre's sway that in the 11 00:00:42,650 --> 00:00:47,430 1980s when geologists had to abandon just a part of it to 12 00:00:47,430 --> 00:00:51,130 accommodate the impact theory of extinctions It 13 00:00:51,130 --> 00:00:53,550 nearly killed them 我们 14 00:00:53,940 --> 00:01:00,920 看一下 testament 先看这个动词 testify 作证证明 I can 15 00:01:00,920 --> 00:01:05,220 testify to his honesty 我可以证明他的诚实 16 00:01:06,030 --> 00:01:13,330 他的成功证明了他的能力 17 00:01:13,930 --> 00:01:21,850 s way 本来意思是摇摆但是在这里呢指的是他的 18 00:01:21,850 --> 00:01:25,930 influence 而且这个 s way 不是动词而是名词是 19 00:01:25,930 --> 00:01:30,350 influence 我们先看这个例子 The trees swayed gently 20 00:01:30,350 --> 00:01:36,330 in the breeze 树在风中轻轻地摇摆 Don't allow 21 00:01:36,330 --> 00:01:41,530 yourself to be swayed by his promises 你不要让自己受 22 00:01:41,530 --> 00:01:46,930 他的承诺所摇摆所影响所以大家可以看出来这种摇摆 23 00:01:46,930 --> 00:01:51,990 跟影响之间的意思是怎样联系在一起的那 24 00:01:52,600 --> 00:01:56,030 这里 It is a testament to the strength of Lyle's sway 意 25 00:01:56,030 --> 00:02:02,540 思就是这充分表明了 loyal 的影响力这充分证明了 26 00:02:02,540 --> 00:02:03,840 loyal 的影响力 27 00:02:04,780 --> 00:02:09,340 那到底是哪一件事充分证明了 loyal 的影响力呢 It is 28 00:02:09,340 --> 00:02:17,360 that 这后面 that 才是这个 it 的真正的内容也就是在 29 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:22,760 1980 年地质学家必须要 abandon just a part of the 30 00:02:22,760 --> 00:02:27,160 bookabandon means to give up 必须放弃这本书的一部分 31 00:02:27,160 --> 00:02:31,560 要把它删掉为什么要删掉呢是 to accommodate the 32 00:02:31,560 --> 00:02:35,560 impact theory of extinctions to accommodate means to 33 00:02:35,560 --> 00:02:39,890 make it suitable for something to adapt to something 就 34 00:02:39,890 --> 00:02:45,700 是进行调整以适合对方的意思进行调整也就是把这个 35 00:02:45,700 --> 00:02:51,520 地质学原理那本书删掉一部分这样的话它可以适合后 36 00:02:51,520 --> 00:02:55,580 来出现的一个理论就 impact theory of extinctions 这 37 00:02:55,580 --> 00:03:02,420 个 impact 就是撞击就是认为呢地球遭受了重大的撞击 38 00:03:02,420 --> 00:03:07,360 然后导致物种的灭绝然后 it nearly killed them 这个 it 39 00:03:07,360 --> 00:03:11,480 指的是这种做法 abandon just a part of the book 这下莱 40 00:03:11,480 --> 00:03:15,240 尔的粉丝莱尔的支持者们简直是受不了的 it nearly 41 00:03:15,240 --> 00:03:19,140 killed them 让他们心痛万分 but that is another 42 00:03:19,140 --> 00:03:22,820 chapter 不过这是另外一件事了也就是说我们在这里 43 00:03:22,820 --> 00:03:24,100 这里就不再多提 44 00:03:24,560 --> 00:03:27,220 Now the introduction to catastrophism and 45 00:03:27,220 --> 00:03:30,800 uniformitarianism has come to a close The rest of the 46 00:03:30,800 --> 00:03:34,040 lesson is devoted to the controversy of geological 47 00:03:34,040 --> 00:03:39,410 times Meanwhile geology had a great deal of sorting out 48 00:03:39,410 --> 00:03:43,030 to do and not all of it went smoothly Sorting out, 49 00:03:43,130 --> 00:03:45,010 to sort out means to classify, 50 00:03:45,370 --> 00:03:48,390 to categorize 就是归类、 51 00:03:48,470 --> 00:03:49,090 分类、 52 00:03:49,210 --> 00:03:53,690 整理同时呢,地质学还有很多的整理工作要做, 53 00:03:53,770 --> 00:03:57,290 分类的工作要做 And not all of it went smoothly, 54 00:03:57,590 --> 00:04:01,090 而且并不都进行得很顺利 From the outset, 55 00:04:01,350 --> 00:04:05,250 geologists tried to categorize rocks by the periods in 56 00:04:05,250 --> 00:04:08,610 which they were laid down The outset from the beginning 57 00:04:08,610 --> 00:04:11,690 means from the beginning 从一开始呢, 58 00:04:11,710 --> 00:04:18,570 地质学家就企图根据岩石堆积形成的时期来对岩石进 59 00:04:18,570 --> 00:04:22,110 行分类 but there were often bitter disagreements 60 00:04:22,110 --> 00:04:26,630 about where to put the dividing lines 但是呢到底该把 61 00:04:26,630 --> 00:04:31,230 这个 dividing line 就是分界线放在哪里就是哪个时间 62 00:04:31,230 --> 00:04:33,630 算是一个新时期的开始 63 00:04:34,170 --> 00:04:39,710 哪个时间是一个旧时期的结束这个就无法统一意见有 64 00:04:39,710 --> 00:04:43,390 bitter disagreementsbitter 加在这里就表示争论的 65 00:04:43,390 --> 00:04:47,030 非常激烈 not more so than a long running debate That 66 00:04:47,010 --> 00:04:51,390 became known as the Great Devonian Controversy N 67 00:04:51,620 --> 00:04:57,580 one more so than N one of the disagreements was more 68 00:04:57,580 --> 00:05:02,240 bitter than this long running debate N one of the 69 00:05:02,240 --> 00:05:06,560 disagreements is more bitter than this one 所以在这么 70 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:12,240 多的激烈争论之中最激烈的莫过于宽日持久的弥彭纪 71 00:05:12,240 --> 00:05:16,200 大争论的 The issue arose when the Reverend Adam 72 00:05:16,200 --> 00:05:20,380 Sedgwick of Cambridge claimed for the Cambrian period 73 00:05:20,380 --> 00:05:24,020 a layer of rock that Roderick Murchison believed 74 00:05:24,020 --> 00:05:27,860 belonged rightly to the Silurian 这个 75 00:05:28,560 --> 00:05:33,860 争论是怎么开始的呢 Arose 就表示出现就这个事情的 76 00:05:33,860 --> 00:05:36,340 开端是建 77 00:05:36,370 --> 00:05:41,750 桥的一个牧师其实也就是教授了当时的很多牧师都是 78 00:05:41,750 --> 00:05:46,210 科学家 Claimed for the Cambrian period a layer of rock 79 00:05:46,210 --> 00:05:52,770 这个大家比较容易理解的语序是这样的 Claimed a 80 00:05:53,000 --> 00:05:58,100 layer of rock for the Cambrian period 也 81 00:05:58,380 --> 00:06:04,580 就是说他宣称某一个岩层是属于韩武纪的 82 00:06:04,680 --> 00:06:09,460 That Roderick Murchison believed belonged rightly to 83 00:06:09,460 --> 00:06:13,420 the Silurian 这个是后面这个定语从句又修饰这个 84 00:06:13,420 --> 00:06:19,100 rock 而这同样的这个言层呢 Roderick Murchison 认为 85 00:06:19,100 --> 00:06:25,740 它是属于滞留剂的这个语序应该是这样把它改成正常 86 00:06:25,740 --> 00:06:29,520 的成数句的语序就是 Roderick Murchisonbelieved 87 00:06:29,520 --> 00:06:34,760 that that layer of rockbelonged rightly to t ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）