第5章 敲石头的人 The Stone-Breakers · 第2讲S3

1. 讲稿里说地质学会要 'eclipse' 皇家学会，这里的 eclipse 是啥意思？是像日食那样把光芒遮住，抢了对方的风头吗？
2. 为啥这些绅士大夏天还要跑去搞 'field work'（实地考察）？是因为英国夏天舒服，还是因为冬天太冷没法出门？
3. 文中提到这些人 'not with a pecuniary interest' 也不是 'academics'，那他们到底是干嘛的？是纯粹有钱有闲的 '发烧友' 吗？
4. 《志留系》那本书又厚又重（plump and ponderous）还贵得离谱（8 guineas），为啥反而成了 'instant bestseller'（瞬间畅销书）？
5. 作者说地质学在19世纪 'positively gripped' 了整个社会，这种空前绝后的热情，对现在的科学研究有啥启发或者对比吗？

1. The transcript says the Geological Society was 'eclipsing' the Royal Society. Does 'eclipse' mean blocking their light like a solar eclipse, or just stealing their spotlight?
2. Why did these gentlemen go out for 'field work' in the summer? Was it because the UK summers are comfortable, or because winters were too cold to go out?
3. The text mentions they weren't motivated by 'pecuniary interest' or were 'academics'. So who exactly were they? Were they just wealthy hobbyists with plenty of time?
4. The book 'The Silurian System' was described as 'plump and ponderous', very expensive, and hard to read, yet it became an 'instant bestseller'. Why?
5. The author says geology 'positively gripped' 19th-century society in a way no other science had. How does this historical enthusiasm compare to scientific engagement today?

1 00:00:05,170 --> 00:00:06,910 It soon became apparent, 2 00:00:07,430 --> 00:00:07,770 however, 3 00:00:07,950 --> 00:00:10,770 that there was a demand for something more properly 4 00:00:10,770 --> 00:00:13,790 institutional,with a permanent headquarters, 5 00:00:14,270 --> 00:00:17,330 where people could gather to share and discuss new 6 00:00:17,330 --> 00:00:17,870 findings. 7 00:00:18,350 --> 00:00:20,250 Apparent means obvious. 8 00:00:20,670 --> 00:00:24,750 Institution is an organization or establishment 9 00:00:24,750 --> 00:00:27,670 founded for a specific purpose, 10 00:00:27,770 --> 00:00:29,750 such as a hospital,church, 11 00:00:30,150 --> 00:00:33,350 company,or college.就是机构, 12 00:00:33,450 --> 00:00:34,830 类似是机构这个意思。 13 00:00:35,170 --> 00:00:37,290 inst itutional 指的就是制度化、 14 00:00:37,390 --> 00:00:39,030 机构化后 15 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:39,660 来呢, 16 00:00:39,680 --> 00:00:45,100 人们就发现应该要有一个制度化的东西 with a 17 00:00:45,100 --> 00:00:46,300 permanent headquarters 18 00:00:46,960 --> 00:00:52,440 不能这样很随意的聚会最好要有一个永久性的总部 19 00:00:52,440 --> 00:00:55,480 per manent 是永久性的 headquarters 20 00:00:56,200 --> 00:00:59,280 where people could gather to share and discuss new 21 00:00:59,280 --> 00:01:03,730 findings 这样大家有什么新的发现可以在这里聚会可 22 00:01:03,730 --> 00:01:07,300 以在这里分享讨论 In barely a decade, 23 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:12,280 membership grew to 400 Still all gentlemen, 24 00:01:12,500 --> 00:01:16,140 of course And the geological was threatening to 25 00:01:16,140 --> 00:01:20,500 eclipse the royal As the premier scientific society in 26 00:01:20,500 --> 00:01:22,100 the country In 27 00:01:23,280 --> 00:01:24,440 barely a decade, 28 00:01:24,660 --> 00:01:30,820 在仅仅十年之间 Membership 指的是成员的总数涨到了 29 00:01:30,820 --> 00:01:36,540 400 人要知道一开始只有 13 人 Still all gentlemen 当然 30 00:01:36,540 --> 00:01:38,920 参加的还全部都是绅士 31 00:01:39,560 --> 00:01:43,760 And the geological was threatening to eclipse the 32 00:01:43,760 --> 00:01:48,360 royal The geological 指的就是前面说的地质学会 The 33 00:01:48,360 --> 00:01:54,080 royal 指的是皇家科学会 Eclipse 这个词意思是遮挡我 34 00:01:54,080 --> 00:01:59,540 们在讲那个日识月识的时候就会说到这个比如说日识 35 00:01:59,540 --> 00:02:04,100 就是 the solar eclipse If the moon eclipses the sun the 36 00:02:04,100 --> 00:02:08,020 sun cannot be seen behind the moon and if the earth 37 00:02:08,020 --> 00:02:11,460 eclipses the moon the moon cannot be seen because the 38 00:02:11,460 --> 00:02:14,820 earth is between the sun and the moon 所以这个 eclipse 39 00:02:14,820 --> 00:02:20,340 意思就是挡住了什么人的光芒的意思那这个地质学会 40 00:02:20,340 --> 00:02:26,720 好像就要抢了皇家学会的光芒了抢了它的风头 as 41 00:02:26,880 --> 00:02:31,320 the premier scientific society in the countrypremier 42 00:02:31,320 --> 00:02:32,080 means first 43 00:02:35,120 --> 00:02:36,960 就是最重要的, 44 00:02:37,000 --> 00:02:41,640 最有影响力的所以它仿佛就要抢了皇家科学会的锋芒 45 00:02:41,640 --> 00:02:45,900 成了这个国家最重要的科学团体 46 00:02:58,480 --> 00:03:04,080 第一次学会从每年的十一月到第二年六月每个月开两 47 00:03:04,080 --> 00:03:07,060 次的会员会议而到了六月呢 48 00:03:11,020 --> 00:03:17,120 这个时间定于重聚就是休市 June 就到六月的时候会发 49 00:03:17,120 --> 00:03:21,840 生什么事呢 al most all of them went off to spend the 50 00:03:21,840 --> 00:03:26,940 summer doing field workfield work 指的是实地考察实 51 00:03:26,940 --> 00:03:32,020 地研究有时候我们会听到田野调查这个词其实就是从 52 00:03:32,020 --> 00:03:37,180 field 这个词翻译过来的但是你要理解并不是真的到 53 00:03:37,180 --> 00:03:42,120 农田里面去做考察才叫 field work 它的意思就是不是 54 00:03:42,120 --> 00:03:47,880 在实验室里不是在教室里而是到现场去到实地去考察 55 00:03:48,520 --> 00:03:53,880 也可以叫 Field Study 实地研究学校里边有时候会组织 56 00:03:53,880 --> 00:03:59,680 学生进行 Field Trip 就是安排孩子们去博物馆农村 57 00:03:59,780 --> 00:04:02,420 森林民生古迹去参观 58 00:04:04,560 --> 00:04:09,530 为什么这些人大夏天的要跑到外面去做实地考察呢我 59 00:04:09,530 --> 00:04:14,560 们不能按照自己在中国生活的体验去理解他们的行为 60 00:04:14,560 --> 00:04:20,900 他们是在英国而且是在英国比较偏北一点的地方英国 61 00:04:20,900 --> 00:04:27,380 冬天非常的寒冷但是夏天却非常的舒服夏天是他们最 62 00:04:27,380 --> 00:04:29,120 美的季节莎 63 00:04:30,020 --> 00:04:32,080 士比亚有一首十四行诗 64 00:04:33,260 --> 00:04:36,040 第一句就把爱人比作夏日 65 00:04:42,400 --> 00:04:42,980 我是 66 00:04:43,140 --> 00:04:49,000 否可以把你比作美丽的夏日但是你比夏日更加美丽 67 00:04:49,080 --> 00:04:50,200 更加温婉 68 00:04:52,800 --> 00:04:56,140 These weren't people with a pecuniary interest in 69 00:04:56,140 --> 00:04:56,460 minerals, 70 00:04:56,720 --> 00:05:00,820 you understand or even academics for the most part but 71 00:05:00,820 --> 00:05:04,480 simply gentlemen with the wealth and time to indulge a 72 00:05:04,480 --> 00:05:06,680 hobby at a more or less professional level 73 00:05:07,310 --> 00:05:09,670 这个句子画线的是主干 74 00:05:10,330 --> 00:05:16,330 这些人不是什么样什么样的人甚至也不是学者仅仅只 75 00:05:16,330 --> 00:05:21,230 是什么人什么人这个是主干我们现在再把细节加进去 76 00:05:21,230 --> 00:05:25,630 首先说他不是什么样的人呢 People with a peculiarly 77 00:05:25,630 --> 00:05:30,370 interesting minerals 他们对矿物的兴趣并不是出于 78 00:05:30,370 --> 00:05:35,690 金钱方面的考虑并不是说想要挖到一点值钱的矿物他 79 00:05:35,690 --> 00:05:38,690 们本来就已经很有钱了 Or 80 00:05:38,850 --> 00:05:43,150 even academics 那他们对这些地质的兴趣也不是出于 81 00:05:43,150 --> 00:05:48,210 学术方面的考虑这些人大部分都不是学者不能算是科 82 00:05:48,210 --> 00:05:52,050 学家那他们到底是什么样的人呢 But simply 83 00:05:52,050 --> 00:05:56,330 gentlemenwith the wealth and time to indulge a hobby at 84 00:05:56,330 --> 00:06:00,290 a more or less professional level To indulge a hobby 85 00:06:00,290 --> 00:06:05,570 means to do whatever they want 尽情地追求自己的兴趣 86 00:06:05,570 --> 00:06:07,050 爱好他们 87 00:06:07,080 --> 00:06:13,720 纯粹就是一群有钱又有闲的绅士重情于一己知识好也 88 00:06:13,720 --> 00:06:20,367 就是发烧友而且玩得还很专业 more or less 意思是差不 89 00:06:20,367 --> 00:06:25,260 多多少算是专业水准了 By 1830, 90 00:06:25,580 --> 00:06:30,980 there were 745 of them and the world would never see the 91 00:06:30,980 --> 00:06:35,940 like again The like means the kind 这种情况 92 00:06:36,160 --> 00:06:43,060 这种样子就到了 1830 年协会的成员就长到了 745 人记 93 00:06:43,060 --> 00:06:45,880 得刚开始只有 13 人盛 94 00:06:46,200 --> 00:06:50,880 况空前绝后以后就再也没有这样的盛况了 The world 95 00:06:50,880 --> 00:06:54,630 would never see the like again 这种情形日后就再也没 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）