第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第7讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说 surveyors 画出的地图上一堆数字让人看得眼花缭乱，confusing 和 confusing mass 有啥区别？为啥说 Hutton 把它们连起来就变得 orderly 了？
2. 有个词叫 'into the bargain'，讲义里说它像 besides 或 in addition，那它和 'not to mention' 用法一样吗？能不能多举几个生活里的例子？
3. 讲义里提到了 'educated guess'（有根据的猜测）和 'wild guess'（瞎猜），这两者具体的界限在哪？如果我的猜测错了，还能叫 educated guess 吗？
4. 为什么 Maskeling 的测量结果不精确？讲义里说因为不知道山的 'actual density'（实际密度），这跟最后算出地球质量有什么关系？
5. Michelle 只是个乡村牧师，地位很 humble，但讲义里说他被 'much esteemed'（备受尊崇），为什么他的科学贡献能让他获得这么高的评价？

1. The transcript says the map full of numbers was 'confusing,' but what's the difference between 'confusing' and 'a confusing mass'? Why did connecting the points make it 'orderly'?
2. The notes say 'into the bargain' is like 'besides' or 'in addition.' Is it used the same way as 'not to mention'? Could you give some more real-life examples?
3. There's a mention of 'educated guess' vs. 'wild guess.' What's the exact boundary between them? If my guess turns out to be wrong, can I still call it an educated guess?
4. Why were Maskeling's results inaccurate? The transcript mentions not knowing the mountain's 'actual density.' How does that affect the final calculation of Earth's mass?
5. Michelle was just a country vicar with a 'humble' status, yet the text says he was 'much esteemed.' Why did his scientific contributions earn him such high respect?

1 00:00:10,600 --> 00:00:14,540 今天课程仍然专注在地球量量的计算上, 2 00:00:14,800 --> 00:00:17,580 但一路之后,我们会遇到一个聪明, 3 00:00:17,840 --> 00:00:19,440 但有兴趣的科学家。 4 00:00:19,580 --> 00:00:20,380 我们开始吧。 5 00:00:25,830 --> 00:00:30,470 摄影刺客也说到 Mason 拒绝测量那座山所以这件差事 6 00:00:30,470 --> 00:00:35,070 就落到了 Maskling 自己的头上 So for four months in the 7 00:00:35,070 --> 00:00:39,310 summer of 1774 Maskling lived in a tent in a remote 8 00:00:39,310 --> 00:00:43,210 Scottish glen and spent his days directing a team of 9 00:00:43,210 --> 00:00:45,930 surveyors who took hundreds of measurementsfrom 10 00:00:45,930 --> 00:00:47,290 every possible position 11 00:00:48,100 --> 00:00:51,400 Remote means far from towns or other places where 12 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:54,400 people live 就是偏远的 For example, 13 00:00:54,460 --> 00:00:59,820 a remote village 一座偏远的村庄 A remote cousin 这就 14 00:00:59,820 --> 00:01:05,220 不是偏远了指的是血缘关系比较远的远房表情 A 15 00:01:05,220 --> 00:01:12,290 remote control 是遥控 Gland means valley Gland 是苏格 16 00:01:12,290 --> 00:01:17,120 兰语中的峡谷的意思这个道理跟我们上一次课说的那 17 00:01:17,120 --> 00:01:21,770 个 lock 指的是湖这个意思是一样的你一看到 glen 或者 18 00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:26,390 lock 你就要知道这里说的峡谷和湖都是指苏格兰的峡 19 00:01:26,390 --> 00:01:27,350 谷或湖 20 00:01:27,970 --> 00:01:33,870 其实中文里面也有这样的情况比如说海在蒙语中是湖 21 00:01:33,870 --> 00:01:39,830 的意思因为元朝的时候是蒙古族在统治所以在北京呢 22 00:01:39,830 --> 00:01:44,170 这些中南海是上海北海这个其实指的都是湖 23 00:01:45,490 --> 00:01:50,730 还有中国西部的很多地方说的海也都是湖错 24 00:01:50,960 --> 00:01:58,160 在藏语里边是湖因此藏区湖都叫做什么什么错纳木错 25 00:01:58,280 --> 00:01:59,960 巴松错好了 26 00:02:00,270 --> 00:02:04,890 回到这里 Directing a team of surveyors To direct means 27 00:02:04,890 --> 00:02:09,730 to tell someone what they should do 就是指挥指导 M 28 00:02:09,960 --> 00:02:16,700 askeling 在这个夏天就生活在一个很偏远的苏格兰峡 29 00:02:16,700 --> 00:02:22,060 谷里边住在个帐篷里边每天就指挥测量员 took 30 00:02:22,060 --> 00:02:24,600 hundreds of measurements from every possible 31 00:02:24,600 --> 00:02:29,660 position 每天都在各个地点进行测量 To 32 00:02:29,720 --> 00:02:32,100 find the mass of the mountain from all these 33 00:02:32,100 --> 00:02:36,160 numbersrequired a great deal of tedious calculating 34 00:02:36,160 --> 00:02:40,880 for which a mathematician named Charles Hought on was 35 00:02:40,880 --> 00:02:42,600 engaged To 36 00:02:44,260 --> 00:02:47,420 find the mass of the mountain from all these numbers 这 37 00:02:47,420 --> 00:02:51,300 是一个不定式这个作主语就这件事情 38 00:02:52,100 --> 00:02:59,600 也就是要从所有的这些数字中计算出山的质量这 39 00:03:00,020 --> 00:03:04,900 些数据指的是之前他们说的这个测量得出的数据要完 40 00:03:04,900 --> 00:03:08,200 成这件事呢 required a great deal of tedious 41 00:03:08,200 --> 00:03:08,760 calculating 42 00:03:09,400 --> 00:03:15,740 要完成这件事需要大量的枯燥的计算 Tedious means 43 00:03:15,740 --> 00:03:18,800 long and boring For example, 44 00:03:18,860 --> 00:03:21,480 a tedious book,a tedious movie, 45 00:03:21,660 --> 00:03:24,400 or a tedious lecture For 46 00:03:24,520 --> 00:03:28,300 which a mathematician named Charles Hutton was 47 00:03:28,300 --> 00:03:34,600 engaged 为了完成这件事他们就 engaged 有点像是 48 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:40,820 hired 就请了一个数学家叫 Charles Hutton 请他来计算 49 00:03:40,820 --> 00:03:43,040 因为没人愿意计算 the 50 00:03:44,260 --> 00:03:49,020 surveyors had covered a map with scores of figureseach 51 00:03:49,020 --> 00:03:53,320 marking an elevation at some point on or around the 52 00:03:53,320 --> 00:03:59,580 mountainscores you probably know that a dozen is 53 00:03:59,580 --> 00:04:05,660 twelvewhile a score is twentyscore 就是二十 but 54 00:04:05,660 --> 00:04:10,580 scores of 就像 dozens of 一样并没有明确的只是多少只 55 00:04:10,580 --> 00:04:14,260 是范式相当于就是几十这 56 00:04:15,160 --> 00:04:20,400 些众多的测量员呢他们制作出了一张地图这个地图上 57 00:04:20,400 --> 00:04:25,900 密密麻麻写的都是数字写了几十个数字每一个数字呢 58 00:04:25,900 --> 00:04:29,840 都 marking an elevation at some point on or around the 59 00:04:29,840 --> 00:04:32,000 mountainelevation 指的是 60 00:04:33,020 --> 00:04:39,020 高企的部分就是高度 elevate 作为动词是升高抬高的 61 00:04:39,020 --> 00:04:43,520 意思还有这个 elevator 可能大家都熟悉这个词是指商 62 00:04:43,520 --> 00:04:48,360 场里面那种自动扶梯就是那种电梯那 63 00:04:49,380 --> 00:04:53,440 这里 marking and elevation 指的是上面密密麻麻的数 64 00:04:53,440 --> 00:04:59,920 字呢每一个数字都代表着山上或者山周围的高度某个 65 00:04:59,920 --> 00:05:02,060 地点的一个高度 It 66 00:05:03,150 --> 00:05:06,710 was essentially just a confusing mass of numbers 67 00:05:07,830 --> 00:05:10,590 这一堆的数字 Confusing, 68 00:05:10,710 --> 00:05:14,270 it's very confusing 看得人眼花缭乱 But Hutton 69 00:05:14,270 --> 00:05:18,550 noticed that if he used a pencil to connect points of 70 00:05:18,550 --> 00:05:23,560 equal height it all became much more orderly Hutton 注 71 00:05:23,560 --> 00:05:29,880 意到如果拿一支铅笔把所有相同高度的点都连起来那 72 00:05:29,880 --> 00:05:35,730 么整张图看过去就是井然有序 orderly order 是秩序的 73 00:05:35,730 --> 00:05:41,130 意思 orderly 就是非常有秩序就很有规律了 Indeed, 74 00:05:41,150 --> 00:05:45,090 one could instantly get a sense of the overall shape and 75 00:05:45,090 --> 00:05:49,890 slope of the mountain get a sense of 就是感觉到确实, 76 00:05:49,950 --> 00:05:57,710 人们可以一下子就感觉到这个山的整体形状和坡度 He 77 00:05:57,900 --> 00:06:04,640 had invented contour lines 可以说他无意间发明了等 78 00:06:04,640 --> 00:06:08,820 高线等高线就是这样的 79 00:06:09,920 --> 00:06:14,700 比如我们这里可以很容易的就看到山顶在什么地方就 80 00:06:14,700 --> 00:06:16,780 在这儿这里是安布 81 00:06:17,800 --> 00:06:24,120 还有呢我们可以看到这个地方坡度比较缓因为距离好 82 00:06:24,120 --> 00:06:29,400 长才上一个台阶吧而这里也是坡度比较缓这个 83 00:06:29,910 --> 00:06:34,690 cont our 就是轮廓的意思 cont our lines 可以描绘出一 84 00:06:34,690 --> 00:06:36,550 座山的外形轮廓 85 00:06:37,990 --> 00:06:41,790 extrapolating from his Sheehalian measurements Hart 86 00:06:41,790 --> 00:06:45,650 on calculated the mass of the earth at 5000 million 87 00:06:45,650 --> 00:06:46,530 million tons, 88 00:06:46,810 --> 00:06:50,650 from which could reasonably be deduced the masses of 89 00:06:50,650 --> 00:06:53,390 all the other major bodies in the solar system, 90 00:06:53,570 --> 00:06:54,990 including the sun. 91 00:06:55,480 --> 00:07:01,180 To extrapolate means to use facts of one thing t ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）