第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第7讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Cavendish 的 'solitary inclination' 让他能把家改成实验室，这个 'solitary' 在这里是单纯指‘孤独的’，还是指他‘喜欢独处、享受安静’的那种性格呀？
2. 文中提到 'to range through every corner of the physical sciences'，这里的 'range' 是‘范围’的意思吗？还是说它是指漫无目的地去探索各个科学领域？
3. 老师，'flammable'（易燃的）和 'combustible'（可燃的）看起来意思差不多，但在描述氢气爆炸或者眉毛烧掉的时候，这两个词有细微的区别吗？还是完全通用的？
4. 讲稿里说 Cavendish 记录电击带来的痛苦，用了 'graduated jolts' 这个词。我知道 'graduate' 是毕业，但在这里为什么用来形容电流逐渐增强呢？它和 'gradually' 有什么关系？
5. 老师，最后老师纠正了 'centauri' 和 'supernova' 的发音。为什么老师不直接重录视频，而是选择在下一节课口头纠正呢？这样做对学生听力和跟读有什么特别的好处吗？

1. Teacher, the transcript says Cavendish's 'solitary inclination' allowed him to turn his home into a lab. Does 'solitary' here just mean 'lonely', or does it imply he 'enjoys being alone and likes quiet'? How should I understand it in this context?
2. In the phrase 'to range through every corner of the physical sciences', does 'range' mean 'scope' or 'area', or does it refer to wandering freely and exploring various scientific fields without a specific purpose?
3. Teacher, 'flammable' and 'combustible' seem to mean the same thing. Is there a subtle difference between them when describing hydrogen explosions or burnt eyebrows, or are they completely interchangeable?
4. The text uses 'graduated jolts' to describe the increasing electric shocks. I know 'graduate' usually means to finish school, but why is it used here to describe increasing current? How is it related to the word 'gradually'?
5. Teacher, you corrected the pronunciation of 'centauri' and 'supernova' in the next lesson instead of re-recording the videos. Why did you choose this method? Does it have any special benefits for students' listening and speaking practice?

1 00:00:07,870 --> 00:00:11,170 The inclinations allowed him to turn his house in 2 00:00:11,170 --> 00:00:15,070 Clapham into a large laboratory where he could range 3 00:00:15,070 --> 00:00:18,150 undisturbed through every corner of the physical 4 00:00:18,150 --> 00:00:19,890 sciences,electricity, 5 00:00:20,410 --> 00:00:22,650 heat,gravity,gases, 6 00:00:23,010 --> 00:00:25,810 anything to do with the composition of matter. 7 00:00:26,800 --> 00:00:30,020 A solitary person enjoys being alone. 8 00:00:30,360 --> 00:00:33,220 The solitary 指的是喜欢独处的。 9 00:00:33,220 --> 00:00:38,580 Inclination 我们在以前的课程里面学过了是指倾向 10 00:00:38,580 --> 00:00:40,620 指的是个性的倾向 11 00:00:41,500 --> 00:00:48,060 他的财富以及他的喜欢独处的个性使得他可以把自己 12 00:00:48,060 --> 00:00:53,080 的家改造成一个巨大的实验室当然 13 00:00:53,120 --> 00:00:57,380 前面这个 Wealth and Solitary Inclination 这两个名词 14 00:00:57,380 --> 00:01:03,060 不一定都按名词的方式翻译出来我们可以说他一方面 15 00:01:03,060 --> 00:01:09,720 钱多一方面个性又孤僻这使得他有条件把自己的家改 16 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:14,560 造成一个巨大的实验室在这里他可以 range 17 00:01:14,560 --> 00:01:17,700 undisturbed through every corner of the physical 18 00:01:17,700 --> 00:01:19,500 sciences to 19 00:01:20,420 --> 00:01:24,600 range through to range means to wander without a 20 00:01:24,600 --> 00:01:27,760 purpose 漫无目的的闲逛 21 00:01:27,890 --> 00:01:33,610 undisturbeddisturb 是打扰在这里它可以不受干扰地 22 00:01:33,610 --> 00:01:37,350 自由地漫游在物理科学的各个方面 23 00:01:38,030 --> 00:01:41,530 比如说电学、热学、重力、 24 00:01:41,670 --> 00:01:42,450 气 25 00:01:42,610 --> 00:01:45,730 体 anything to do with the composition of 26 00:01:45,730 --> 00:01:49,480 mattercomposition,compose, 27 00:01:49,960 --> 00:01:53,020 它的动词是 compose means to put together, 28 00:01:53,180 --> 00:01:56,260 to form something,to make up for example, 29 00:01:56,260 --> 00:02:01,100 water is composed of hydrogen and oxygen 这 compose 是 30 00:02:01,100 --> 00:02:04,660 组成的意思,那 composition 是它的名词, 31 00:02:04,760 --> 00:02:09,840 就是物质的组成,有关物质组成的任何方面, 32 00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:12,040 他都很感兴趣。 33 00:02:30,360 --> 00:02:37,180 often with more enthusiasm than sensebent 它的动词是 34 00:02:37,180 --> 00:02:37,720 bent 35 00:02:38,860 --> 00:02:47,620 就是弯曲而这个 bent 呢是名词指的是人的兴趣朝着某 36 00:02:47,620 --> 00:02:52,400 一个方向倾斜有点像前面说的 inclination 但是它这 37 00:02:52,400 --> 00:02:57,400 里主要指的是兴趣而 scientific bent 指的是对科学感 38 00:02:57,400 --> 00:03:02,360 兴趣我们还可以说 musical or artistic literary bent 39 00:03:02,360 --> 00:03:03,820 就是对音乐、 40 00:03:03,860 --> 00:03:10,700 艺术和文学的兴趣 Fundamental things 是基本的东西 41 00:03:10,700 --> 00:03:18,220 基本的事物,比如气体还有电 Property 是性质 18 42 00:03:18,410 --> 00:03:20,830 世纪下半叶科 43 00:03:20,930 --> 00:03:28,370 学爱好者们对基本事物的物理性质特别的感兴趣 44 00:03:32,070 --> 00:03:34,050 而且他们就想试试看 45 00:03:34,590 --> 00:03:39,590 到底能够拿这些东西折腾点什么能做点什么吗就是拿 46 00:03:39,590 --> 00:03:43,850 这个电或者气体能不能 do something with them 这个 47 00:03:43,850 --> 00:03:49,910 seeing 并不是明白或者看到的意思而是指有点想试试 48 00:03:49,910 --> 00:03:55,030 看到底能做点什么 Often with more enthusiasm than 49 00:03:55,030 --> 00:04:01,930 sense 但是往往热情有于理智不足这个 sense 是理智并 50 00:04:01,930 --> 00:04:06,330 不是感觉虽然它也有感觉的意思我们可以看一下它的 51 00:04:06,330 --> 00:04:11,370 形容词 Sensible Sensible 就是指理智的明智的 A 52 00:04:11,370 --> 00:04:16,950 sensible choice 一个明智的选择一部小说叫 Sense and 53 00:04:16,950 --> 00:04:22,190 Sensibility 理智与情感这个 sense 就是指理智 54 00:04:23,660 --> 00:04:24,620 In America, 55 00:04:24,920 --> 00:04:29,860 Benjamin Franklin famously risked his life by flying a 56 00:04:29,860 --> 00:04:31,720 kite in an electrical storm 57 00:04:32,510 --> 00:04:36,290 在美国就有这么一个著名的故事就是本杰明 58 00:04:36,390 --> 00:04:42,730 弗兰克林在雷暴天气里面冒着生命危险去放风筝然而 59 00:04:42,730 --> 00:04:46,250 他因此发现了电在自然界中的存在 60 00:05:05,510 --> 00:05:08,890 and that eyebrows are not necessarily a permanent 61 00:05:08,890 --> 00:05:12,740 feature of one's face 在法国呢, 62 00:05:12,800 --> 00:05:18,620 有一位化学家他企图测试氢的可燃性这个 63 00:05:18,620 --> 00:05:23,027 flammability 我们首先要看一下 flameflame 做名词的 64 00:05:23,027 --> 00:05:28,860 时候是火焰做动词就是燃烧 flammable 是形容词可燃 65 00:05:28,860 --> 00:05:32,420 的 flammability 名词可燃性那 66 00:05:32,770 --> 00:05:37,930 它通过什么方式来测试氢气的可燃性呢 By gulping a 67 00:05:37,930 --> 00:05:45,870 mouthful Gulp 是含一大口的氢气在嘴里然后 blowing 68 00:05:45,870 --> 00:05:52,190 across an open flame 那这个 open 是指外面没有灯罩盖 69 00:05:52,190 --> 00:05:58,070 住的然后就朝着这一团火焰把这个氢气喷出去 70 00:05:58,070 --> 00:06:04,490 Proving at a stroke At a stroke 指的是一次性一下子就 71 00:06:04,490 --> 00:06:08,290 证明了两点第一点就是 Hydrogen is indeed 72 00:06:08,290 --> 00:06:14,120 explosively combustible Combustible 跟 flammable 意 73 00:06:14,120 --> 00:06:19,310 思是一样的 Combust 是燃烧 Combustible 是可燃的第一 74 00:06:19,310 --> 00:06:24,350 点就是氢气的确会产生爆炸性的燃烧第二点就是 75 00:06:25,090 --> 00:06:29,110 Eyebrows are not necessarily a permanent feature of 76 00:06:29,110 --> 00:06:33,110 one's faceper manent 是永久的永恒的 77 00:06:33,210 --> 00:06:38,410 眉毛也不见得是一个人脸上一个永恒的特征有时候又 78 00:06:38,410 --> 00:06:40,050 可能没有这里 79 00:06:40,240 --> 00:06:46,430 就是说他的眉毛被烧掉了 Cavendish for his part 80 00:06:46,430 --> 00:06:49,750 conducted experiments in which he subjected himself 81 00:06:49,750 --> 00:06:53,850 to graduated jorts of electrical currentdiligently 82 00:06:53,850 --> 00:06:57,550 noting the increasing levels of agonyuntil he could 83 00:06:57,550 --> 00:07:00,210 keep hold of his quill and sometimes his consciousness 84 00:07:00,210 --> 00:07:06,730 no longer for his part means as far as he is concerned to 85 00:07:06,860 --> 00:07:11,060 subject someone to something means to expose someone 86 00:07:11,060 --> 00:07:14,020 to something or to cause someone to experience 87 00:07:14,020 --> 00:07:14,560 something, 88 00:07:14,820 --> 00:07:17,600 especially something bad the 89 00:07:17,660 --> 00:07:22,180 patients on that ward were subjected to infection the 90 00:07:22,180 --> 00:07:27,200 campers were subjected to extreme weathergraduated 91 00:07:27,200 --> 00:07:29,800 jolts of electrical currentcurrent 92 00:07:30,120 --> 00:07:35,400 本意 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）