第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第7讲S4

1. 讲稿里说 'Society' 不是我们常说的社会，那在18世纪英国这个词具体指代的是哪种社交活动呀？
2. 老师，'devote to' 和 'be devoted to' 在用法和含义上有什么区别？是不是后者更强调一种长期的状态？
3. 'On no account' 和 'by no means' 都表示绝对否定，但在语气强弱或者使用场景上，这两个短语有啥细微差别吗？
4. 为什么那些客人要 'wander into his vicinity as if by accident'（假装偶然晃到他身边）才能跟卡文迪什说话，直接走过去不行吗？
5. 讲稿里提到卡文迪什最后 'fleeing for a more peaceful corner'（逃往安静的角落），这反映了他怎样的性格特点或心理状态？

1. What exactly did the term 'Society' refer to in 18th-century Britain, given that it doesn't mean 'society' in the modern sense?
2. What's the difference between 'devote to' and 'be devoted to' in usage and meaning? Does the latter emphasize a long-term state more?
3. Both 'on no account' and 'by no means' indicate absolute negation; are there any subtle differences in tone or usage scenarios between these two phrases?
4. Why did the guests have to 'wander into his vicinity as if by accident' to talk to Cavendish instead of just walking up to him directly?
5. The script mentions Cavendish finally 'fleeing for a more peaceful corner'; what kind of personality traits or psychological state does this reflect?

1 00:00:06,610 --> 00:00:09,650 Although he did sometimes venture into society, 2 00:00:10,110 --> 00:00:13,410 he was particularly devoted to the weekly scientific 3 00:00:13,410 --> 00:00:17,030 soiree of the great naturalist Sir Joseph Banks. 4 00:00:17,270 --> 00:00:20,790 It was always made clear to the other guests that 5 00:00:20,790 --> 00:00:24,630 Cavendish was on no account to be approached or even 6 00:00:24,630 --> 00:00:25,230 looked at. 7 00:00:25,630 --> 00:00:29,170 To venture means to go somewhere or do something that 8 00:00:29,170 --> 00:00:30,070 could be dangerous. 9 00:00:30,570 --> 00:00:33,610 Society 并不是我们平常说的社会, 10 00:00:33,730 --> 00:00:35,810 这里指的是社交活动。 11 00:00:36,770 --> 00:00:40,890 尽管有时候,他也大胆地去参加一些社交活动。 12 00:00:41,820 --> 00:00:44,320 He was particularly devoted to. 13 00:00:44,460 --> 00:00:49,060 To devote means to spend most of your time and energy to 14 00:00:49,060 --> 00:00:49,580 do something. 15 00:00:50,060 --> 00:00:54,040 So to be devoted to something means to be particularly 16 00:00:54,040 --> 00:00:55,520 interested in something, 17 00:00:55,720 --> 00:00:57,480 to give something a lot of attention, 18 00:00:57,840 --> 00:01:00,080 对某个事物特别感兴趣, 19 00:01:00,140 --> 00:01:01,460 特别的情有独钟。 20 00:01:03,170 --> 00:01:08,050 Soiree means an evening party.Scientific Soiree 就当 21 00:01:08,050 --> 00:01:12,010 是科学界的智慧 of the great naturalist Sir Joseph 22 00:01:12,010 --> 00:01:15,310 Banks 是由 Sir Joseph Banks 23 00:01:15,450 --> 00:01:21,770 爵士举办的这位爵士是一个 naturalist a naturalist 24 00:01:21,770 --> 00:01:25,610 is someone who studies plants and animals and rocks and 25 00:01:25,610 --> 00:01:29,750 many other things the term biology was not yet used at 26 00:01:29,750 --> 00:01:35,910 that timenaturalist 就是博物学家基本上研究的方向 27 00:01:35,910 --> 00:01:40,630 跟现在的生物学比较相似但是当时还没有生物学这个 28 00:01:40,630 --> 00:01:42,070 概念 Well, 29 00:01:42,910 --> 00:01:47,270 it was always made clear to the other guests that 这个 30 00:01:47,270 --> 00:01:52,930 that 后面才是真正的主语而这个 it 是形式主语就是这 31 00:01:52,930 --> 00:01:59,130 种情况呢总是要清楚地告知其他的客人那这个是被动 32 00:01:59,130 --> 00:02:03,690 语态我们在翻译的时候可以把它改成主动的就是这个 33 00:02:03,690 --> 00:02:09,610 Joseph Banks 总是要清楚地告知其他客人千万不要靠 34 00:02:09,610 --> 00:02:13,610 近 Tavendish 甚至连看都不要看他 On 35 00:02:13,840 --> 00:02:19,220 no account means by no means 绝对不行绝对不要无论是 36 00:02:19,220 --> 00:02:24,540 什么情况什么原因都不要这 account 其实是一个原因 37 00:02:24,540 --> 00:02:28,660 的意思我们可以看一下这个词诸 On account of 38 00:02:28,660 --> 00:02:32,600 something means because of somethingespecially a 39 00:02:32,600 --> 00:02:35,350 problem or difficulty.For example, 40 00:02:35,550 --> 00:02:39,490 she was told to wear flat shoes on account of her back 41 00:02:39,490 --> 00:02:43,390 problem.鉴于她背部的问题可能受过伤, 42 00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:46,790 要建议她穿平底鞋。 43 00:02:47,920 --> 00:02:52,540 Those who sought his views were advised to wander into 44 00:02:52,540 --> 00:02:54,980 his vicinity as if by accident, 45 00:02:55,300 --> 00:02:59,400 and talk as it were into vacancy.sought 46 00:02:59,580 --> 00:03:04,220 原型是 seekseek is usually followed by advice, 47 00:03:04,640 --> 00:03:07,740 help and attention for example, 48 00:03:07,760 --> 00:03:11,660 to seek somebody's adviceseek somebody's help or seek 49 00:03:11,660 --> 00:03:16,320 somebody's attentionseek 是寻求的意思那 50 00:03:16,580 --> 00:03:20,420 些想要听取他的意见的人呢 were advised to 51 00:03:20,700 --> 00:03:24,920 这是被动语态就是被建议这样做那实际上呢 52 00:03:24,940 --> 00:03:26,660 也就是那个 thanks 53 00:03:26,740 --> 00:03:32,180 爵士是建议人们如果想要听取他的意见那最好的做法 54 00:03:32,180 --> 00:03:36,800 就是 wander into his vicinityvacinity means the area 55 00:03:36,800 --> 00:03:39,140 around him 最好的做法就是 56 00:03:39,860 --> 00:03:46,580 假装是无意之中晃悠到他的身旁然后呢 talk as it were 57 00:03:46,580 --> 00:03:49,880 into vacancy as it were means as if 58 00:03:50,620 --> 00:03:56,540 然后好像就对着空气说话不能够看着他说要朝着一个 59 00:03:56,540 --> 00:03:59,320 空的好像对着空气在说话一样 60 00:04:05,860 --> 00:04:09,640 如果他们的言论还有一点科学价值的话 61 00:04:09,640 --> 00:04:14,160 scientifically worthy means to be of some scientific 62 00:04:14,160 --> 00:04:20,380 significanceworthy 这个词是值得有价值的那么他们 63 00:04:20,380 --> 00:04:26,040 可能会听到医生回应可能会听到一个回答但这个回答 64 00:04:26,040 --> 00:04:30,780 是 mumbledmumbled means not spoken clearly 好像在南 65 00:04:30,780 --> 00:04:34,320 南字语一样不会很清楚地说话 but 66 00:04:34,640 --> 00:04:39,900 more often than not they would hear a peeved squeak his 67 00:04:39,900 --> 00:04:44,080 voice appears to have been high pitched and turned to 68 00:04:44,080 --> 00:04:47,220 find an actual vacancy and the sight of 69 00:04:47,220 --> 00:04:51,440 Cavendishfleeing for a more peaceful corner more 70 00:04:51,730 --> 00:04:57,410 often than not 意思就是更经常出现的情况是这样的有 71 00:04:57,410 --> 00:05:02,730 情况往往是如果说你说的话有点科学价值的话可能他 72 00:05:02,730 --> 00:05:07,750 还会含含糊糊地回你一句但是更多的情况是 They 73 00:05:07,750 --> 00:05:12,490 would hear a peeved squeak Peeve means to make someone 74 00:05:12,490 --> 00:05:14,230 angry to annoy someone 75 00:05:14,860 --> 00:05:21,180 更经常的是他们会听到一声老怒的尖叫 Squeak 尖叫 76 00:05:21,180 --> 00:05:22,060 His 77 00:05:22,920 --> 00:05:26,860 voice appears to have been high pitchedpitched 指的是 78 00:05:26,860 --> 00:05:33,500 音高 high pitched 就是他的声音好像一直都是很高 and 79 00:05:34,430 --> 00:05:38,250 turned to find an extra vacancy at the sight of 80 00:05:38,250 --> 00:05:42,150 Cavendish fleeing for a more peaceful corner 听到这一 81 00:05:42,150 --> 00:05:46,370 声尖叫以后呢他们往往就会 turn 就会转身刚才不是不 82 00:05:46,370 --> 00:05:52,590 敢看吗现在听到尖叫朝着尖叫的方向转身就会发现就 83 00:05:52,590 --> 00:05:57,470 会看到 an actual vacancy 就会看到一个真正的空位子 84 00:05:57,470 --> 00:05:58,690 在那然后 85 00:05:58,910 --> 00:06:03,450 你还会看到 the sight 还会看到一个身影就是 Kevin 86 00:06:03,450 --> 00:06:06,470 Dish 逃往一个安静的角落