第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第5讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'had him declared dead'，这到底是他亲戚自己宣布他死了，还是找法院正式宣告的呀？
2. Jean Le Gentil 第二次观测失败是因为一片云，这片云停留的时间跟他观测金星的时间完全一样，这是巧合吗？
3. 'had the machine mended' 和 'mended the machine' 这两个表达，在动作的执行者上有什么区别？
4. 为什么在颠簸的船上做 'steady measurements' 是不可能的？这对观测结果有什么具体影响？
5. 他经历了这么多倒霉事，最后 'had his estate plundered'，这里的 'estate' 仅仅指房子吗？

1. Teacher, regarding 'had him declared dead', did his relatives declare him dead themselves, or was it a formal legal declaration by the court?
2. Jean Le Gentil failed his second observation due to a cloud that stayed in front of the sun for the exact duration of the transit. Is this just a coincidence?
3. What is the difference between 'had the machine mended' and 'mended the machine' in terms of who performed the action?
4. Why was it impossible to take 'steady measurements' on a pitching ship, and how did this affect the observation results?
5. After experiencing so many misfortunes and having his 'estate plundered', does 'estate' here refer only to his house?

1 00:00:06,640 --> 00:00:07,600 Unluckier still 2 00:00:10,380 --> 00:00:15,180 was Jean Le Gentil, 3 00:00:31,340 --> 00:00:38,680 whose experiences are wonderfully summarized by 4 00:00:38,680 --> 00:00:43,180 Timothy Ferris in Coming of Age in the Milky Way. 5 00:00:43,900 --> 00:00:47,260 更倒霉的是这位 Jean Le Gentil, 6 00:00:48,310 --> 00:00:54,210 他的经历在 Timothy 写的这本书叫 The Coming of Age in 7 00:00:54,210 --> 00:00:57,170 the Milky Way 里面得到了很好的总结 8 00:00:57,780 --> 00:00:58,300 好了 9 00:00:58,340 --> 00:01:02,720 现在看这本书 Coming of Age in the Milky Way 这个 Come of 10 00:01:02,720 --> 00:01:07,660 Age 本意是成年达到法定年龄这是 11 00:01:09,810 --> 00:01:16,090 一本描写宇宙科学史这是一本关于宇宙科学史的书在 12 00:01:16,090 --> 00:01:22,090 台湾已经出版题目呢就被改了叫做宇宙大定位这 13 00:01:26,570 --> 00:01:30,630 位倒 14 00:01:30,630 --> 00:01:33,630 霉 15 00:01:52,520 --> 00:01:59,180 的先生一年之前就从法国出发了他是打算前往印度观 16 00:01:59,180 --> 00:02:01,520 测金星临日但是 17 00:02:02,700 --> 00:02:07,900 呢由于路上遇到了种种的 setbackssetbacks 就是挫折 18 00:02:07,900 --> 00:02:12,980 这些 problems that delays or prevents progress or 19 00:02:12,980 --> 00:02:16,340 makes things even worse than they were 遇 20 00:02:16,950 --> 00:02:20,750 到了种种的麻烦 left him still at sea on the day of the 21 00:02:20,750 --> 00:02:27,650 transit 导致在金星临日发生的那一天他还在海上还 22 00:02:27,650 --> 00:02:31,100 没有到达目的地而在海上观测 23 00:02:32,040 --> 00:02:36,800 just about the worst place to be 那是最 24 00:02:37,340 --> 00:02:39,680 差的观测地点因为呢 25 00:02:40,180 --> 00:02:44,150 steady measurements were impossible on a pitching 26 00:02:44,150 --> 00:02:49,450 shippitching means moving up and down 在颠簸的船上无 27 00:02:49,450 --> 00:02:52,150 法进行稳定的观测 and 28 00:02:53,340 --> 00:02:57,900 don't it Le Gentil continued on to India to await the 29 00:02:57,900 --> 00:03:04,000 next transit in 1769 我们先看这个 don't To daunt 30 00:03:04,000 --> 00:03:07,620 someone means to make someone feel afraid or to 31 00:03:07,620 --> 00:03:11,460 discourage someone The und aunted means not 32 00:03:11,460 --> 00:03:13,840 discouraged,not beaten, 33 00:03:14,140 --> 00:03:18,760 not afraid of continuing to do something in spite of the 34 00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:19,260 difficulties 35 00:03:20,310 --> 00:03:24,070 这位倒霉的科学家毫不气馁他 36 00:03:24,960 --> 00:03:29,860 依然还是前往印度,在那里等待下一次的惊心临日。 37 00:03:30,330 --> 00:03:32,430 下一次就是八年以后。 38 00:03:32,710 --> 00:03:34,350 With eight years to prepare, 39 00:03:34,690 --> 00:03:37,230 he erected a first rate viewing station, 40 00:03:37,610 --> 00:03:40,210 tested and retested his instruments, 41 00:03:40,530 --> 00:03:43,770 and had everything in a state of perfect readiness. 42 00:03:44,990 --> 00:03:47,970 这次有了八年时间来做准备。 43 00:03:47,970 --> 00:03:54,030 他 erected means built 建起了一座一流的观测站 44 00:03:54,030 --> 00:03:57,140 tested and retested his instruments 45 00:03:58,390 --> 00:04:04,150 反复地测试了他的仪器而且 had everything in a state 46 00:04:04,150 --> 00:04:05,450 of perfect readiness 47 00:04:06,230 --> 00:04:09,090 让所有的东西都 48 00:04:09,380 --> 00:04:15,820 处于一种完美的准备就绪的状态就等着惊心临日再次 49 00:04:15,820 --> 00:04:19,080 发生 On the morning of the second transit, 50 00:04:19,260 --> 00:04:24,080 June 4th,1769,he awoke to a fine day, 51 00:04:24,280 --> 00:04:27,440 but just as Venus began its path, 52 00:04:27,860 --> 00:04:30,560 a cloud slid in front of the sun, 53 00:04:30,720 --> 00:04:34,360 and remained there for almost exactly the duration of 54 00:04:34,360 --> 00:04:36,280 the transit,three hours, 55 00:04:36,520 --> 00:04:38,840 fourteen minutes,and seven seconds. 56 00:04:40,380 --> 00:04:45,100 在第二次的惊心临日发生的那天早上他醒过来的时候 57 00:04:45,100 --> 00:04:52,040 天气还是很好的但正当惊心开始穿越太阳表面的时候 58 00:04:52,960 --> 00:04:58,580 一片云飘了过来不偏不移地挡在了太阳的前面 59 00:04:59,280 --> 00:05:02,980 然后就停在那了一动不动这 60 00:05:03,110 --> 00:05:09,470 片云挡在太阳面前的时间正好就是惊心临日整个持续 61 00:05:09,470 --> 00:05:13,990 的时间 The duration of the transit Duration means a 62 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:18,630 period of time The length of time that something lasts 63 00:05:18,630 --> 00:05:19,570 or continues 64 00:05:20,750 --> 00:05:25,230 我们知道有一个介词 during During this time 在一个事 65 00:05:25,230 --> 00:05:26,570 情的持续期间 66 00:05:27,250 --> 00:05:32,670 那这个 duration 就是 during 的名词形式这里指的是精 67 00:05:32,670 --> 00:05:39,090 心凌虑的持续期间也就是三小时十四分钟七秒 68 00:05:39,870 --> 00:05:45,430 所以他准备了八年就是为了这三个小时可是呢正好就 69 00:05:45,430 --> 00:05:48,730 被这一朵云彩给挡住了 S 70 00:05:49,780 --> 00:05:52,040 toic 是斯多 71 00:05:52,040 --> 00:05:55,040 噶 72 00:06:04,310 --> 00:06:10,830 派哲学认为人应该在任何情况下都保持冷静都坦然地 73 00:06:10,830 --> 00:06:12,330 接受各种结果 74 00:06:13,240 --> 00:06:18,500 所以这里指的是这位悲情科学家他还是平静地接受了 75 00:06:18,500 --> 00:06:20,020 这一切把 76 00:06:20,300 --> 00:06:26,100 自己的仪器打包好前往最近的一个港口准备回家 But 77 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:30,380 on route means but on the way 可是在路上 He contracted 78 00:06:30,380 --> 00:06:35,100 dysenterycontracted 后面加上一个疾病的名称就表 79 00:06:35,100 --> 00:06:41,000 示染上了这种疾病这个 dysentery 是利疾主要的症状 80 00:06:41,000 --> 00:06:48,640 就是腹泻这是印度的流行病主要是通过水和食物传播 81 00:06:48,640 --> 00:06:51,360 的就水和食物不卫生 and 82 00:06:52,420 --> 00:06:57,260 was laid up for nearly a year was laid up means he had to 83 00:06:57,260 --> 00:07:01,520 stay in bed for nearly a yearstill weakened it 84 00:07:02,160 --> 00:07:06,600 means that he was not completely recovered from the 85 00:07:06,600 --> 00:07:11,420 illness he was still weak 在病还没有完全好的时候 He 86 00:07:11,420 --> 00:07:16,620 finally made it onto a ship 他还是挣扎着 Managed to get 87 00:07:16,620 --> 00:07:20,580 onto a ship 挣扎着上了船送飞回家 It 88 00:07:21,380 --> 00:07:25,220 was nearly wrecked in a hurricane off the African coast 89 00:07:25,930 --> 00:07:27,750 可是呢祸 90 00:07:27,910 --> 00:07:34,130 不单行在距离非洲海岸不远处他们遇到了一次飓风这 91 00:07:34,130 --> 00:07:36,450 艘船差点就沉没了 92 00:07:53,760 --> 00:07:56,290 等他终于到家的时候 93 00:07:57,020 --> 00:08:03,240 那已经是十一年半之后了而且一事无成他 94 00:08:05,160 --> 00:08:06,440 发现他的亲戚 95 00:08:08,980 --> 00:08:10,960 我先说一下这个结构 96 00:08:13,200 --> 00:08:14,960 先看这个例子 97 00:08:18,060 --> 00:08:23,180 他的意思 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）