第4章 万物的尺度 The Measure of Things · 第5讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说金星凌日‘simmered’，这个单词原意是‘文火慢炖’，在这里比喻哈雷的想法一直处于‘酝酿’状态，具体是指什么含义呀？
2. 文中提到科学家们为了观测金星凌日，‘dispatched’了18‘more’名观测员，这里的‘18 more’到底是指总共18人，还是32加18等于50人呢？
3. 课文里说这次科学考察是一个‘venture’，但前面又说是‘第一次科学上的国际合作’，为什么作者不直接用合作，而要强调这是一次‘冒险事业’呢？
4. 为什么那个法国观测员一路小心翼翼保护仪器，最后却‘fated’（注定）没能成功？是因为河水上涨挡住了路，还是因为他被当地人误解甚至想杀他？
5. 当地居民为什么‘swift to blame’（迅速归咎于）那个法国人，把河水暴涨怪到他头上？他们看到仪器指向天空，是怎么联想到‘做法捣鬼’的？

1. The transcript says Venus transits 'simmered'; since 'simmer' usually means slow cooking, what exactly does it mean in the context of Halley's idea being 'brewing'?
2. The text mentions dispatching 18 'more' observers after France sent 32. Does '18 more' mean 18 in total, or 32 plus 18 equals 50?
3. The lesson calls this scientific expedition a 'venture' rather than just 'cooperation'. Why does the author emphasize it as a 'risky undertaking'?
4. Why did the French observer, who carefully protected his instruments, end up 'fated' to fail? Was it because swollen rivers blocked his path or because locals blamed him for the floods?
5. Why were the locals 'swift to blame' the French man for the swollen rivers? How did seeing his strange instruments pointed at the sky lead them to suspect he was causing the disaster?

1 00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:08,800 Unf ortunately,trans its of Venus, 2 00:00:09,000 --> 00:00:12,180 as they are known,are an irregular occurrence. 3 00:00:12,960 --> 00:00:14,820 Occur means happen, 4 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:19,340 so this means that trans its of Venus do not happen 5 00:00:19,340 --> 00:00:22,560 regularly.They come in pairs eight years apart, 6 00:00:22,840 --> 00:00:25,780 but then are absent for a century or more, 7 00:00:25,940 --> 00:00:28,000 and they were none in Halley's lifetime. 8 00:00:28,640 --> 00:00:32,600 他们都是两次两次为一组的发生, 9 00:00:32,720 --> 00:00:35,500 这两次之间间隔八年。 10 00:00:35,500 --> 00:00:40,060 要再一次看到它们,就得再等上一个世纪甚至更多。 11 00:00:40,660 --> 00:00:43,540 在哈雷的有生之年,一次也没有。 12 00:00:44,180 --> 00:00:46,700 In our century,it happened twice, 13 00:00:47,100 --> 00:00:51,980 the first time in 2004,the second time in 2012, 14 00:00:52,520 --> 00:00:55,400 and there will be no more in our century. 15 00:00:55,920 --> 00:00:59,800 But the idea simmered,and when the next transit came 16 00:00:59,800 --> 00:01:02,280 due in 1761, 17 00:01:13,220 --> 00:01:20,110 Simmer 指的是在烧水的时候你看到水将沸沸沸沸的那 18 00:01:20,110 --> 00:01:25,600 种状态或者说刚刚沸腾只有一点点小泡泡的那时候这 19 00:01:25,600 --> 00:01:32,010 个烹调方式在中文中就是文火慢炖在这呢指的是哈雷 20 00:01:32,010 --> 00:01:37,290 的这个建议这个想法在他的有生之年虽然没有能够付 21 00:01:37,290 --> 00:01:43,590 诸实施但是这个想法却是深入人心一直处于酝酿的状 22 00:01:43,590 --> 00:01:46,030 态一旦有时机他就会沸腾 23 00:01:47,060 --> 00:01:53,587 所以等到下一次的金星旅行日在 1761 年如期出现的时 24 00:01:53,587 --> 00:01:53,660 候 25 00:01:54,300 --> 00:02:00,280 那时候已经是李哈雷去世已经 20 年了那整个的科学界 26 00:02:00,280 --> 00:02:06,100 都做好了准备而科学界在此之前还没有为哪一个的天 27 00:02:06,100 --> 00:02:09,780 文现象做过如此充分的准备 With 28 00:02:11,350 --> 00:02:14,590 the instinct for ordeal that characterized the 29 00:02:14,590 --> 00:02:18,130 agescientists settled for more than a hundred 30 00:02:18,130 --> 00:02:21,430 locations around the globe to Siberia, 31 00:02:21,490 --> 00:02:21,830 China, 32 00:02:22,130 --> 00:02:25,110 South Africa,Indonesia and the woods of Wisconsin, 33 00:02:25,510 --> 00:02:31,580 among many others Instinct means a natural desire for 34 00:02:31,580 --> 00:02:35,420 something Audeo means a terrible or painful 35 00:02:35,420 --> 00:02:38,860 experience that continues for a long period of time. 36 00:02:39,060 --> 00:02:43,480 Scientists of that age naturally love doing something 37 00:02:43,480 --> 00:02:46,420 difficult.They love taking challenges. 38 00:02:46,840 --> 00:02:48,240 They love taking risks. 39 00:02:48,740 --> 00:02:51,220 那个时代有一个明显的特征, 40 00:02:51,320 --> 00:02:55,320 也就是大家都喜欢挑战不可能。 41 00:02:55,320 --> 00:02:57,340 在这样的背景下, 42 00:02:57,520 --> 00:03:02,520 他们就分头前往世界的一百多个地点, 43 00:03:02,640 --> 00:03:04,920 他们到西伯利亚,到中国, 44 00:03:05,100 --> 00:03:10,160 到南非,印尼,还有威斯康星的树林, 45 00:03:10,420 --> 00:03:15,120 还有好多其他的地方,观测点遍及世界各地。 46 00:03:25,420 --> 00:03:27,440 Germ any,Ireland and elsewhere 47 00:03:27,980 --> 00:03:34,940 Dispatched means sent 法国派出了 32 名观测员英国派 48 00:03:34,940 --> 00:03:40,980 出了 18 more 并不是只派出了 18 个 18 more 也就是 32 加 18 49 00:03:40,980 --> 00:03:46,240 是 50 名观测员还有其他的观测员是从瑞典、 50 00:03:46,340 --> 00:03:48,440 俄罗斯、意大利、德国、 51 00:03:48,600 --> 00:03:52,620 爱尔兰还有很多其他国家出发也 52 00:03:52,940 --> 00:03:58,120 就是当时比较发达的欧洲国家都派出了科学家这 53 00:04:00,360 --> 00:04:10,000 可是历 54 00:04:11,020 --> 00:04:16,530 史上第一次科学上的国际合作但是几乎处处都碰到问 55 00:04:16,530 --> 00:04:21,380 题 Venture 并不是合作的意思 Venture means an 56 00:04:21,380 --> 00:04:26,020 undertaking that is dangerous or risky 这是一个冒险 57 00:04:26,020 --> 00:04:26,460 事业 58 00:04:37,640 --> 00:04:43,640 在这里呢字面意思是许多的观测员被战争、 59 00:04:43,640 --> 00:04:50,540 疾病或者海难沉船的事故给袭击了给伏击了那其实意 60 00:04:50,540 --> 00:04:57,140 思是他们半路上要不就遇到了战争或者疾病或者海难 61 00:04:57,140 --> 00:05:01,880 导致不能成行不能到达目的地 Others made their 62 00:05:01,880 --> 00:05:05,240 destinations but opened their crates to find 63 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:09,680 equipment broken or warped by tropical heat 其 64 00:05:10,070 --> 00:05:14,350 他的科学家倒是到达了目的地 Destinations 目的地 65 00:05:14,910 --> 00:05:19,990 但是等他们打开自己的 crates These are crates 这 66 00:05:20,080 --> 00:05:22,720 些都可以叫做 crates 就是框子 67 00:05:22,800 --> 00:05:28,020 箱子当他们打开箱子的时候就发现他们的 equipment 68 00:05:28,020 --> 00:05:31,060 就是仪器设备要 69 00:05:31,610 --> 00:05:37,770 不就是破了要不就是 warped by tropical heat 在热带的 70 00:05:37,770 --> 00:05:42,410 高温制烤之下变形了 warped 比如 71 00:05:42,790 --> 00:05:49,110 说这个门如果是受潮了或者受到高温或者极度的低温 72 00:05:49,110 --> 00:05:53,210 就有可能变形弯曲就不好关了那 73 00:05:53,400 --> 00:05:56,840 他们的仪器就要不就是破了要不然就是变形了 74 00:05:59,800 --> 00:06:10,580 Fate 做名字的时候是命运那么 Fated 意思就是注定命 75 00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:11,260 中注定 76 00:06:11,880 --> 00:06:17,240 法国人呢再一次好像注定要给我们提供最多的运气不 77 00:06:17,240 --> 00:06:22,740 佳的参与者大家还记得吗前面讲到法国的科考队到安 78 00:06:22,740 --> 00:06:24,680 地斯山去去 79 00:06:29,930 --> 00:06:31,490 进行精度的测量 80 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:35,480 他们是够倒霉的吧 81 00:06:36,470 --> 00:06:39,250 那这一次呢还有一些倒霉的法国人 82 00:07:07,360 --> 00:07:07,840 这是 83 00:07:09,540 --> 00:07:17,740 法国名字所以发音跟英语是有所不同的他花了好几个 84 00:07:17,740 --> 00:07:18,340 月的时间 85 00:07:18,920 --> 00:07:26,380 先是做 coach 然后做船然后做雪橇去西伯利亚 coach 在 86 00:07:26,380 --> 00:07:28,320 英语当中有好几个意思 87 00:07:28,820 --> 00:07:36,190 一是长途大巴二是火车车厢三是马车这个 88 00:07:37,920 --> 00:07:44,240 时候是 1761 年大家可以判断一下他做的到底是什么交 89 00:07:44,240 --> 00:07:45,920 通工具呢那 90 00:07:49,470 --> 00:07:53,070 在这一路上他一直是在 Nurse his delicate 91 00:07:53,070 --> 00:07:58,150 instruments Nurse means looking after 小心翼翼地保 92 00:07:58,150 --> 00:08:03,790 护着他的精密仪器 Over every perilous bump Paraless 93 00:08:03,790 --> 00:08:06,610 means dangerous Bump 就是 94 00:08:14,190 --> 00:08:18,270 地上的凸起所以 95 00:08:27,360 --> 00:08:32,720 他一路上小心翼翼地保护着自己的仪器怕给颠簸坏了 96 00:08:32,740 --> 00:08:34,640 给震坏了 Only 97 00:08:35,250 --> 00:08:40,310 to find the last vital stretch Stretch 本意是延伸这里 98 00:08:40,310 --> 00:08:45,170 指的是最后的一段路 Vital means important 最后的很 99 00:08:45,170 --> 00:08:49,390 关键的一段路结果却被 blocked by swollen rivers 100 00:08: ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）