第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第5讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说如果没有超新星，我们就会变得“distressingly immaterial”（令人忧伤地无形无质），这到底是什么意思呀？是不是说我们会直接消失？
2. 大爆炸明明产生了大量轻气体，为什么后来那些重的元素（heavy elements）没法自己变出来，非得靠超新星这种“更热”的东西去锻造（forge）呢？
3. 弗雷德·霍伊尔（Fred Hoyle）明明是个宇宙学家，为什么《自然》杂志的讣告里却把他描述成“充满争议的人物”（controversialist）？他具体干了啥惹争议的事？
4. 霍伊尔自己创造了“Big Bang”（大爆炸）这个词，但讲稿里说他原本是想“belittling”（贬低）这个理论，这是为啥？他当时更支持哪种宇宙模型？
5. 既然霍伊尔那么反对大爆炸理论，为什么最后反而是他让“Big Bang”这个名字在公众中变得家喻户晓？这算不算一种讽刺（ironic）？

1. Teacher, the script says without supernovae, we would be 'distressingly immaterial'. What does that actually mean? Does it mean we would just disappear?
2. The Big Bang created lots of light gases, so why couldn't the heavier elements form on their own? Why did they need something 'hotter' like a supernova to forge them?
3. Fred Hoyle was a cosmologist, but why did Nature's obituary describe him as a 'controversialist'? What specific things did he do that caused controversy?
4. Hoyle coined the term 'Big Bang', but the script says he originally intended it as a belittling term. Why was that? Which theory did he prefer instead?
5. Since Hoyle strongly disagreed with the Big Bang theory, why did he end up making the term 'Big Bang' so famous among the public? Isn't that ironic?

1 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:12,110 Hello everybody. 2 00:00:12,430 --> 00:00:14,910 We are going to answer this question today. 3 00:00:15,250 --> 00:00:18,210 Why are supernovae so important to us? 4 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:19,640 Here we go. 5 00:00:20,880 --> 00:00:24,480 Supernovae are significant to us in one other 6 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:27,380 decidedly central way.Without them, 7 00:00:27,380 --> 00:00:31,180 we wouldn't be here.Decidedly means definitely. 8 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:35,040 Supernovae are definitely essential to us.because 9 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:39,320 without supernovae we wouldn't be here there wouldn't 10 00:00:39,320 --> 00:00:41,640 be us at all you 11 00:00:41,800 --> 00:00:45,020 will recall the cosmological conundrumwith which we 12 00:00:45,020 --> 00:00:49,540 ended the first chapterconundrum means a confusing, 13 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:55,870 puzzling and difficult problem 难题谜团你 14 00:00:56,060 --> 00:01:01,480 一定还记得在第一章的末尾我们留下了一个谜团 that 15 00:01:01,520 --> 00:01:05,720 the big bang created lots of light gases but no heavy 16 00:01:05,720 --> 00:01:06,260 elements 17 00:01:07,260 --> 00:01:14,100 大爆炸创造了许多的轻的气体但是没有产生出任何的 18 00:01:14,100 --> 00:01:18,960 重的物质 those came later but for a very long time 19 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:21,200 nobody could figure out how they came later 20 00:01:21,650 --> 00:01:22,750 those 21 00:01:23,010 --> 00:01:27,730 指称对象是什么呢它指的是什么呢 well those refers 22 00:01:27,730 --> 00:01:29,410 to heavy elements 23 00:01:30,110 --> 00:01:35,530 指的就是重的物质这些重的物质是后来才出现的, 24 00:01:35,590 --> 00:01:40,920 大爆炸以后才出现的,但是在很长的一段时间里, 25 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:46,440 没有人能够搞得清楚这些重的物质到底是怎么产生 26 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:46,660 的。 27 00:02:04,240 --> 00:02:09,740 虽然 98 的所有存在的物质是由大弹造成的, 28 00:02:09,740 --> 00:02:13,940 而这些物质的存在专属于银、 29 00:02:15,440 --> 00:02:17,960 氮、银银和银银,我们刚才提到的。 30 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:21,300 不一颗重量物质, 31 00:02:21,420 --> 00:02:23,380 对我们自己的身体来说如此重要的物质, 32 00:02:23,360 --> 00:02:27,000 例如氮、氮、氮气和其他物质, 33 00:02:27,200 --> 00:02:29,720 出自于生产的热水煮沸。 34 00:02:30,700 --> 00:02:33,720 不过,这里是困难的地方。 35 00:02:34,020 --> 00:02:36,340 为了製造这些重量的元素, 36 00:02:36,540 --> 00:02:38,840 你需要一个大弹的热量和能量。 37 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:44,040 然而,只有一个大弹,它们没有生成, 38 00:02:44,260 --> 00:02:45,920 所以它们从哪里来呢? 39 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:49,860 现在,我们回到今天的课程。 40 00:02:50,950 --> 00:02:54,990 问题是,你需要一个非常热的东西。 41 00:02:54,990 --> 00:02:58,290 更热的,甚至比最热的星星更热。 42 00:02:58,270 --> 00:03:02,930 to forge carbon and iron and the other elementswith out 43 00:03:02,930 --> 00:03:07,310 which we would be distressingly immaterial forge 44 00:03:07,310 --> 00:03:08,390 means 45 00:03:08,740 --> 00:03:12,800 to form or to shape a metal by heating and hammering 46 00:03:13,350 --> 00:03:15,230 so forge here means to make, 47 00:03:15,470 --> 00:03:17,370 to form 要 48 00:03:18,100 --> 00:03:24,480 制造像碳和铁这样的重的物质需要很高的温度比 49 00:03:24,610 --> 00:03:28,390 最热的恒星内部还要热而 50 00:03:28,620 --> 00:03:33,080 没有这些重的物质的话 with out whichwhich 指的就是 51 00:03:33,080 --> 00:03:34,520 前面的 carbon, 52 00:03:34,740 --> 00:03:38,760 iron and the other elements 没有这些重的物质 we would 53 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:43,580 be distressingly immaterialdistress to distress 54 00:03:43,580 --> 00:03:47,960 someone means to make someone feel very upsetcausing 55 00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:52,100 someone great paindistressingly means 56 00:03:52,100 --> 00:03:53,220 disappointingly, 57 00:03:53,260 --> 00:03:57,560 sadly Inmaterial is the opposite of material, 58 00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:03,600 it means having no material body or form.非物质的, 59 00:04:03,640 --> 00:04:06,480 无形的,不是一个物质的存在。 60 00:04:06,740 --> 00:04:08,840 如果没有这些重的物质, 61 00:04:08,900 --> 00:04:13,020 我们可就惨了,我们连身体都不会有。 62 00:04:14,510 --> 00:04:16,990 S upanovi provided the explanation. 63 00:04:18,470 --> 00:04:25,930 超新星为重的物质的产生提供了一个解释 And 64 00:04:25,960 --> 00:04:27,780 it was an English cosmologist, 65 00:04:28,100 --> 00:04:31,380 almost as singular in manner as Fritz Zwicky, 66 00:04:31,500 --> 00:04:38,480 who figured it out 这个句子是一个强调句 It was who 67 00:04:38,780 --> 00:04:43,840 表示正是什么人做了一件什么事把 68 00:04:43,870 --> 00:04:48,710 这个问题想明白的正是一位英国的宇宙学家 69 00:04:49,190 --> 00:04:54,270 他的行为举止跟我们前文说的那位奇葩 Frez Zwicky 70 00:04:54,900 --> 00:04:58,710 有的一篇可以跟他相媲美了 As singular as 71 00:04:59,250 --> 00:05:03,690 Singular means noticeablebecause of being strange or 72 00:05:03,690 --> 00:05:04,150 unusual 73 00:05:05,310 --> 00:05:09,830 因为这个人行为举止太独特所以很容易引起人的注意 74 00:05:09,830 --> 00:05:14,750 这样的叫 singular 那这两个人在这方面很相似。 75 00:05:17,050 --> 00:05:21,510 He was a Yorkshire man named Fred Hoyle.Hoyle, 76 00:05:21,690 --> 00:05:23,670 who died in 2001, 77 00:05:24,090 --> 00:05:28,430 was described in an ob ituary in Nature as a cosmologist 78 00:05:28,430 --> 00:05:30,370 and controversialist, 79 00:05:30,450 --> 00:05:33,470 and both of those he most certainly was. 80 00:05:34,140 --> 00:05:38,900 Obituary is a piece of writing in a newspaper about the 81 00:05:38,900 --> 00:05:42,200 life of someone who has just died.有他死的时候, 82 00:05:42,820 --> 00:05:44,620 自然杂志上登了一则副稿, 83 00:05:44,700 --> 00:05:49,820 在这一则副稿里边把它描述成一个 cosmologist and 84 00:05:49,820 --> 00:05:54,000 controversialist,说他是一个宇宙学家, 85 00:05:54,060 --> 00:05:56,620 也是一个充满争议的人物。 86 00:05:57,100 --> 00:06:00,140 我们先看这个词的形容词形式。 87 00:06:01,120 --> 00:06:04,520 Controversial means causing a lot of disagreement. 88 00:06:05,040 --> 00:06:08,460 Many people have strong and different opinions about 89 00:06:08,460 --> 00:06:09,380 him.For 90 00:06:10,410 --> 00:06:14,170 example,he is a controversial writer 他是一个饱受争 91 00:06:14,170 --> 00:06:18,410 议的作家 He was described as a cosmologist and 92 00:06:18,410 --> 00:06:22,350 controversialist and both of those he most certainly 93 00:06:22,350 --> 00:06:25,910 was those 指的是什么呢? 94 00:06:27,550 --> 00:06:27,900 those 95 00:06:28,060 --> 00:06:32,880 指的是体面的 cosmologist and controversialist 这两 9 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）