第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第5讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'coalesce into new solar systems'，这个 coalesce 和前面提到的 aggregate、combine 有啥具体区别呀？是不是程度不一样？
2. 为什么天文学家说 'We now think we know' 而不是直接说 'We know'？这里加 now 和 think 是不是为了留后手，表示科学结论可能会变？
3. 讲稿里区分了 bombs 和 collide 都表示碰撞，能举个生活中的例子说明一下这两个词在语气或严重程度上的细微差别吗？
4. 为什么这些团块碰撞后有的会碎裂 (fractured)，有的会重新聚合 (recombined)，而且说是 'random permutations'？这种无序性对最终形成行星有什么影响？
5. 最后提到赢家能 'dominate' 自己的轨道，这和冥王星被除名的原因有什么联系？是不是只有 '吃掉' 或 '控制' 周围天体的才算真正的行星？

1. Teacher, regarding 'coalesce into new solar systems', what's the specific difference between coalesce and the previously mentioned aggregate or combine? Is it about the degree or intensity?
2. Why do astronomers say 'We now think we know' instead of just 'We know'? Does adding 'now' and 'think' imply that scientific conclusions might change in the future?
3. The script distinguishes between 'bombs' and 'collide' for collision. Can you give a real-life example to explain the subtle difference in tone or severity between these two words?
4. Why do some clumps fracture while others recombine after collisions, described as 'random permutations'? How does this randomness affect the formation of planets?
5. The text mentions that winners 'dominate' their orbits. How does this relate to Pluto's demotion? Is it true that only bodies that 'eat' or control surrounding objects qualify as planets?

1 00:00:25,220 --> 00:00:32,700 根据 Hoyle 的理论,爆炸中的恒星会产生足够的热, 2 00:00:32,820 --> 00:00:36,680 来创造所有的新的元素。 3 00:00:36,680 --> 00:00:43,120 然后再把这些新的元素喷洒到宇宙空间在宇宙空间呢 4 00:00:43,120 --> 00:00:47,400 where they would form get these clouds 这是定语从具就 5 00:00:47,400 --> 00:00:48,300 是 the cosmos 6 00:00:48,900 --> 00:00:55,580 在宇宙空间这些喷洒出来的新的物质就会形成气云气 7 00:00:56,190 --> 00:01:00,150 云是什么呢看破折号的后面的部分 the 8 00:01:00,660 --> 00:01:03,700 interstellar medium as it is known 在 9 00:01:03,760 --> 00:01:07,320 天文学界气云就是星 10 00:01:07,480 --> 00:01:12,910 际物质 medium 是媒介的意思但是 interstellar medium 11 00:01:12,910 --> 00:01:14,950 是指星际物质 12 00:01:16,120 --> 00:01:19,640 that could eventually coalesce into new solar systems 13 00:01:19,640 --> 00:01:25,720 这个 that 引导的是一个地域重聚它修饰的是 gaseous 14 00:01:25,720 --> 00:01:33,580 clouds 就是这种气云它最终会合成为新的太阳系 15 00:01:33,580 --> 00:01:34,760 Coalesce, 16 00:01:34,780 --> 00:01:39,040 我们在第一章也学过了 It means to come together to 17 00:01:39,040 --> 00:01:41,800 form one whole thing 合成, 18 00:01:41,900 --> 00:01:45,660 结合到一起,形成一个新的东西 Solar System, 19 00:01:46,040 --> 00:01:51,440 大家再注意一下它用的是复数形式所以大家不要太狭 20 00:01:51,440 --> 00:01:56,860 隘地想成是我们所生活的这个太阳系它指的是与我们 21 00:01:56,860 --> 00:02:03,380 的太阳系同级别的其他的拥有恒星的天体系统 With 22 00:02:03,380 --> 00:02:04,140 the new theories, 23 00:02:04,360 --> 00:02:07,800 it became possible at last to construct plausible 24 00:02:07,800 --> 00:02:13,240 scenarios for how we got here Scenario means a 25 00:02:13,240 --> 00:02:16,380 situation that could possibly happen 有 26 00:02:16,510 --> 00:02:18,690 可能发生的场景, 27 00:02:18,770 --> 00:02:22,740 可能发生的状况 Plausible means likely, 28 00:02:23,020 --> 00:02:26,320 reasonable 可能是对的, 29 00:02:26,440 --> 00:02:30,380 可能可以让人相信的有了新的理论, 30 00:02:30,480 --> 00:02:33,840 我们终于可以构思出合理的情节, 31 00:02:33,940 --> 00:02:37,680 来解释我们如何来到这个世界上。 32 00:02:39,250 --> 00:02:42,210 What we now think we know is this.大家 33 00:02:43,070 --> 00:02:44,470 注意它的措辞。 34 00:02:44,650 --> 00:02:51,630 We now think we know.我们认为自己知道的是这样的。 35 00:02:52,420 --> 00:02:56,600 因为这是目前天文学家所能提出的一些看法, 36 00:02:56,720 --> 00:02:59,040 但是今后也许会改变。 37 00:02:59,040 --> 00:03:02,020 所以这里加上了 now,而且用 think, 38 00:03:02,260 --> 00:03:05,740 这未必是事实,是我们现在这样认为。 39 00:03:20,460 --> 00:03:27,360 大概 46 亿年前,一个直径大约为 150 英里的, 40 00:03:27,420 --> 00:03:31,300 由气体和尘埃构成的巨大的漩涡, 41 00:03:31,300 --> 00:03:37,560 开始在 space where we are now where we are now 修饰 space 42 00:03:37,560 --> 00:03:43,620 也就是我们现在所处的这个空间那这个巨大的漩涡就 43 00:03:43,620 --> 00:03:47,400 在我们现在的太阳系所处的这个位置在这里 44 00:03:47,400 --> 00:03:52,040 accumulateaccumulate 是聚集 and 45 00:03:52,810 --> 00:03:53,810 began to aggregate 46 00:03:54,710 --> 00:04:01,010 这些气体尘埃不断地在这里聚集然后就 combine into a 47 00:04:01,010 --> 00:04:06,850 body 然后就形成一个整体 aggregate 是形成也是聚集 48 00:04:06,850 --> 00:04:12,550 的意思 virtually all of it it 指的就是这么一大团刚才 49 00:04:12,550 --> 00:04:18,070 说的气体和尘埃这么一大团的物质几乎全部 when to 50 00:04:18,070 --> 00:04:24,470 make the sun 全部都形成了太阳说全部可能过了一点实 51 00:04:24,470 --> 00:04:26,230 际的情况可能是 99. 52 00:04:27,210 --> 00:04:31,350 9 99.9 of the mass of the solar system, 53 00:04:31,530 --> 00:04:32,830 when to make the sun. 54 00:04:33,230 --> 00:04:36,330 Out of the floating material that was left over, 55 00:04:36,800 --> 00:04:40,990 two microscopic grains floated close enough together 56 00:04:40,990 --> 00:04:43,830 to be joined by electrostatic forces. 57 00:04:44,310 --> 00:04:46,870 剩下的那些漂浮的物质, 58 00:04:47,480 --> 00:04:50,320 left over 这里就是指遗留下来, 59 00:04:50,360 --> 00:04:53,720 残留下来的剩下的漂浮的物质当中, 60 00:04:54,350 --> 00:05:00,020 有两颗非常小的微粒,Microscopic 第一课就学过了极 61 00:05:00,020 --> 00:05:02,200 小的微粒 grains 62 00:05:02,260 --> 00:05:07,320 指的是微小的粒子我们可以说 a grain of salt 一粒的盐 63 00:05:07,320 --> 00:05:13,340 a grain of sand 一粒沙那有两粒 floated close enough 它 64 00:05:13,340 --> 00:05:17,673 们漂浮着漂浮着当它们的距离接近到一定的程度的时 65 00:05:17,673 --> 00:05:23,580 候呢它们就会 be joined by electrostatic forces 它们 66 00:05:23,580 --> 00:05:28,440 就会被静电的作用拉到一起也就是聚集到一块去了 67 00:05:32,820 --> 00:05:37,830 Conception 这个词我们要先看到它的动词是 conceive 68 00:05:45,160 --> 00:05:48,390 Conceive 指的是形成、构思、 69 00:05:48,490 --> 00:05:55,670 构成科学家是在 1930 年代首次想到原子弹这么个念头 70 00:05:55,670 --> 00:05:57,950 She was with the band from its conception 71 00:05:58,470 --> 00:06:03,790 她自乐队建成的那一天起就一直在乐队里面工作了所 72 00:06:03,790 --> 00:06:08,870 以这里 conception 指的就是形成这就是我们这个行星 73 00:06:08,870 --> 00:06:14,550 形成那一个时刻最初就是由那两个微粒聚合在一起形 74 00:06:14,550 --> 00:06:18,230 成 All of the in covet solar system the same was 75 00:06:18,230 --> 00:06:22,430 happening in covet means just beginning to develop or 76 00:06:22,430 --> 00:06:28,350 form 在太阳系形成的最初阶段这种事情到处都在发生 77 00:06:29,050 --> 00:06:33,410 the same 指的就是前面的有两颗微粒靠近了然后就被 78 00:06:33,410 --> 00:06:38,510 聚合在一起这种情况不断地在发生哪都在发生 79 00:06:38,510 --> 00:06:42,330 colliding dust grains formed larger and larger 80 00:06:42,330 --> 00:06:48,570 clumpscolliding 是指 crashing 碰撞碰撞的那些微小 81 00:06:48,570 --> 00:06:53,190 的尘埃慢慢地就会形成越来越大的团块 Eventually 82 00:06:53,190 --> 00:06:55,470 the clumps grew large enough to be called 83 00:06:55,470 --> 00:06:56,990 planetesimals 84 00:06:57,020 --> 00:07:02,000 我们在第一课的时候学过一个词 Infinitesimal 是极 85 00:07:02,000 --> 00:07:07,420 小的那现在它又跟 planet 合在一块形成 Planetesimal 86 00:07:07,420 --> 00:07:10,360 它指的是星子也 87 00:07:10,490 --> 00:07:17,290 就是行星的幼年的时候当这些团块越来越大的时候大 88 00:07:17,290 --> 00:07:22,950 到一定程度呢就可以被叫成星子慢慢的就会长成一个 89 00:07:22,950 --> 00:07:24,710 planet 一个行星 90 00:09:01,040 --> 00:09:06,940 它持续了亿年它开始时氧气和泡沫成为微微的围绕而 91 00:09:06,940 --> 00:09:10,580 它结束时它成为了新的世界当 92 00:09:22,510 --> 00:09:28,810 围绕变大它们也开始结合它们成为了围绕的围绕总是 93 00:09:28,810 --> 00:09:33,110 变大总是变重都在周围周围在中 94 00:09:44,020 --> 00:09:44,900 心的沙漠中 95 00:09:47,240 --> 00:09:50,680 一大围绕的氧气和泡沫成为了形状一 96 00:09:51,990 --> 00:09:56,630 块围绕的土都在整个东西中它变得越来越大 97 00:10:15,740 --> 00:10:21,880 这个代词指的又是什么呢? 98 00:10:34,630 --> 00:10:39,250 这要联系到上文去看 these 指的就是那些团块 99 00:10:39,880 --> 00:10:45,8 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）