第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第5讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说如果没有重元素，我们就会“distressingly immaterial”（悲惨地没有物质实体）。这里的“immaterial”具体是指我们不存在，还是指我们变成了鬼魂之类的非物质形态呀？
2. 大爆炸只产生了轻气体，那像碳、铁这些重元素到底是怎么来的？讲稿里提到需要比最热恒星内部还热的温度，超新星爆炸真的能提供这么高的温度吗？
3. 讲稿里说Fred Hoyle既是宇宙学家又是“controversialist”（充满争议的人）。他为什么会被称为充满争议？他指控化石是伪造品这件事，为什么会让古生物学家那么生气？
4. 为什么讲稿里要把Fred Hoyle和Fritz Zwicky放在一起比较，说他们的行为举止“singular”（独特/怪异）？这种“独特”是指他们都很聪明，还是指他们性格都很古怪？
5. 既然超新星对创造重元素这么重要，那我们身体里的每一个原子是不是都曾经在某颗恒星的爆炸中“旅行”过？这算不算是人类和宇宙之间的一种浪漫联系？

1. Teacher, the transcript says without heavy elements, we would be 'distressingly immaterial.' Does 'immaterial' here mean we wouldn't exist at all, or does it mean we would become ghosts or something non-physical?
2. The Big Bang only created light gases, so how exactly were heavy elements like carbon and iron formed? The transcript mentions needing temperatures hotter than the core of the hottest stars; can supernovae really provide that much heat?
3. The transcript describes Fred Hoyle as both a cosmologist and a 'controversialist.' Why was he considered controversial? Why did his accusation that the fossil was a forgery make the paleontologists so angry?
4. Why does the transcript compare Fred Hoyle with Fritz Zwicky, saying their manner was 'singular'? Does this 'singularity' refer to their intelligence or their quirky personalities?
5. Since supernovae are so crucial for creating heavy elements, does that mean every atom in our bodies once 'traveled' through a stellar explosion? Is this considered a romantic connection between humans and the universe?

1 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:12,110 Hello everybody. 2 00:00:12,390 --> 00:00:14,910 We are going to answer this question today. 3 00:00:15,210 --> 00:00:18,210 Why are supernovae so important to us? 4 00:00:18,680 --> 00:00:19,620 Here we go. 5 00:00:20,840 --> 00:00:24,480 Supernovae are significant to us in one other 6 00:00:24,480 --> 00:00:26,060 decidedly central way. 7 00:00:26,280 --> 00:00:28,360 Without them we wouldn't be here. 8 00:00:28,620 --> 00:00:31,180 Decidedly means definitely. 9 00:00:31,640 --> 00:00:35,040 Supernovae are definitely essential to us.Because 10 00:00:35,040 --> 00:00:38,520 without supernovae,we wouldn't be here, 11 00:00:38,640 --> 00:00:40,660 there wouldn't be us at all. 12 00:00:41,260 --> 00:00:44,820 You will recall the cosmological conundrum with which 13 00:00:44,820 --> 00:00:46,500 we ended the first chapter. 14 00:00:46,980 --> 00:00:49,560 Conundrum means a confusing, 15 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:52,080 puzzling and difficult problem. 16 00:00:53,070 --> 00:00:54,830 难题,谜团。 17 00:00:55,520 --> 00:00:58,600 你一定还记得在第一章的末尾, 18 00:00:58,660 --> 00:01:00,400 我们留下了一个谜团。 19 00:01:00,980 --> 00:01:05,420 That the Big Bang created lots of light gases.But no 20 00:01:05,420 --> 00:01:06,240 heavy elements 21 00:01:07,280 --> 00:01:14,100 大爆炸创造了许多的轻的气体但是没有产生出任何的 22 00:01:14,100 --> 00:01:18,960 重的物质 Those came later But for a very long time 23 00:01:18,960 --> 00:01:21,180 nobody could figure out how they came later 24 00:01:22,550 --> 00:01:26,690 Those 指称对象是什么呢它指的是什么呢 Well, 25 00:01:26,710 --> 00:01:29,410 those refers to heavy elements 26 00:01:30,130 --> 00:01:35,530 指的就是重的物质这些重的物质是后来才出现的, 27 00:01:35,590 --> 00:01:40,920 大爆炸以后才出现的,但是在很长的一段时间里, 28 00:01:41,000 --> 00:01:46,440 没有人能够搞得清楚这些重的物质到底是怎么产生 29 00:01:46,440 --> 00:01:46,660 的。 30 00:02:04,270 --> 00:02:09,730 虽然 98 的所有存在的物质是由大弹造成的, 31 00:02:09,730 --> 00:02:13,930 而这些物质的存在专属于银、 32 00:02:15,450 --> 00:02:17,950 氮、银银和银银,我们刚才提到的。 33 00:02:18,610 --> 00:02:23,310 不止一颗重量的物质,对我们自己的身体来说, 34 00:02:23,710 --> 00:02:24,470 碳、氮、 35 00:02:24,930 --> 00:02:27,030 氧和其他物质, 36 00:02:27,170 --> 00:02:30,210 都出现在了生命中的烟火中的烟火中。 37 00:02:30,190 --> 00:02:33,740 但是,还有一个困难的点。 38 00:02:34,000 --> 00:02:36,340 为了製造这些重量的元素, 39 00:02:36,540 --> 00:02:38,820 你需要一个大小的热量和能量。 40 00:02:40,160 --> 00:02:42,840 然而,只有一个大小的热量, 41 00:02:42,840 --> 00:02:44,280 并没有生成它们。 42 00:02:44,440 --> 00:02:45,920 那么它们从哪里来呢? 43 00:02:47,240 --> 00:02:49,860 现在我们回到今天的课程。 44 00:02:50,940 --> 00:02:55,020 问题是,你需要一个非常热的东西。 45 00:02:55,000 --> 00:02:58,320 更热的,甚至比最热的星星更热。 46 00:02:58,300 --> 00:03:02,940 to forge carbon and iron and the other elementswith out 47 00:03:02,940 --> 00:03:07,320 which we would be distressingly immaterial forge 48 00:03:07,320 --> 00:03:08,400 means 49 00:03:08,750 --> 00:03:12,790 to form or to shape a metal by heating and hammering 50 00:03:13,360 --> 00:03:15,220 so forge here means to make, 51 00:03:15,480 --> 00:03:17,380 to form 要 52 00:03:18,110 --> 00:03:24,470 制造像碳和铁这样的重的物质需要很高的温度比 53 00:03:24,630 --> 00:03:28,390 最热的恒星内部还要热而 54 00:03:28,620 --> 00:03:33,060 没有这些重的物质的话 with out whichwhich 指的就是 55 00:03:33,060 --> 00:03:34,520 前面的 carbon, 56 00:03:34,740 --> 00:03:38,760 iron and the other elements 没有这些重的物质 we would 57 00:03:38,760 --> 00:03:43,580 be distressingly immaterialdistress to distress 58 00:03:43,580 --> 00:03:47,960 someone means to make someone feel very upsetcausing 59 00:03:47,960 --> 00:03:52,080 someone great paindistressingly means 60 00:03:52,080 --> 00:03:53,220 disappointingly, 61 00:03:53,260 --> 00:03:57,580 sadlyimaterial is the opposite of material, 62 00:03:57,900 --> 00:04:03,600 it means have no material body or form 非物质的, 63 00:04:03,660 --> 00:04:04,580 无形的, 64 00:04:04,700 --> 00:04:08,840 不是一个物质的存在如果没有这些重的物质, 65 00:04:08,920 --> 00:04:15,460 我们可就惨了我们连身体都不会有 Silpanovi 66 00:04:15,460 --> 00:04:16,960 provided the explanation 67 00:04:18,550 --> 00:04:25,890 超新星为重物质的产生提供了一个解释 And 68 00:04:25,920 --> 00:04:27,800 it was an English cosmologist, 69 00:04:28,080 --> 00:04:31,360 almost as singular in manner as Fritz Zwicky, 70 00:04:31,500 --> 00:04:36,600 who figured it out.这个句子是一个强调句, 71 00:04:36,700 --> 00:04:42,940 it was,who,表示正是什么人做了一件什么事。 72 00:04:43,270 --> 00:04:48,690 把这个问题想明白的正是一位英国的宇宙学家。 73 00:04:48,690 --> 00:04:55,130 他的行为举止跟我们前文说的那位奇葩 Frez Zwicky 有 74 00:04:55,130 --> 00:05:00,050 的一篇可以跟他相媲美了 As singular as Singular 75 00:05:00,050 --> 00:05:04,150 means noticeable Because of being strange or unusual 76 00:05:05,310 --> 00:05:09,810 因为这个人行为举止太独特所以很容易引起人的注意 77 00:05:09,810 --> 00:05:14,750 这样的叫 singular 那这两个人在这方面很相似 78 00:05:17,400 --> 00:05:21,520 There was a Yorkshire man named Fred Hoyle Hoyle, 79 00:05:21,680 --> 00:05:23,720 who died in 2001, 80 00:05:24,080 --> 00:05:28,420 was described in an ob ituary in Nature as a cosmologist 81 00:05:28,420 --> 00:05:30,360 and controversialist, 82 00:05:30,460 --> 00:05:33,480 and both of those he most certainly was. 83 00:05:34,050 --> 00:05:38,910 Obituary is a piece of writing in a newspaper about the 84 00:05:38,910 --> 00:05:42,230 life of someone who has just died.有他死的时候, 85 00:05:42,590 --> 00:05:44,610 自然杂志上登了一则副稿, 86 00:05:44,690 --> 00:05:49,810 在这一则副稿里面把它描述成一个 cosmologist and 87 00:05:49,810 --> 00:05:54,010 controversialist,说他是一个宇宙学家, 88 00:05:54,070 --> 00:05:56,610 也是一个充满争议的人物。 89 00:05:57,120 --> 00:06:00,140 我们先看这个词的形容词形式。 90 00:06:01,130 --> 00:06:04,510 Controversial means causing a lot of disagreement. 91 00:06:05,070 --> 00:06:08,450 Many people have strong and different opinions about 92 00:06:08,450 --> 00:06:09,590 him.For 93 00:06:10,580 --> 00:06:10,920 example, 94 00:06:10,940 --> 00:06:14,960 he is a controversial writer 他是一个饱受争议的作家 95 00:06:14,960 --> 00:06:18,380 He was described as a cosmologist and 96 00:06:18,380 --> 00:06:22,340 controversialist And both of those he most certainly 97 00:06:22,340 --> 0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）