第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第3讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说肉眼只能看到两千颗星，但用双筒望远镜就能看到五万颗，这差别也太大了吧？为什么工具升级了，看到的星星数量会跳跃得这么厉害？
2. 这里有个比喻说找超新星就像在曼哈顿窗户里找点燃生日蜡烛的人。我想问问，为什么用‘找蜡烛’来比喻‘找超新星’？这个类比具体是想强调超新星有多难找吗？
3. 讲稿里提到‘expiring quietly like a campfire at dawn’（像黎明时的篝火一样安静熄灭），这和超新星‘explode’（爆炸）形成对比。为什么大部分恒星死得悄无声息，而超新星却一定要爆炸？这两者有啥本质区别？
4. Reverend Evans 只是个业余爱好者，用的还是10英寸的小望远镜，为什么专业的天文学界一开始觉得他‘out of his mind’（疯了）？他的业余设备和专业需求之间到底差在哪？
5. 老师，Evans 是澳大利亚人，住在南半球。讲稿说他‘had a lot of sky largely to himself’。我不太明白地理位置怎么就成了他的优势？北半球的天文学家为什么不能也这么做？

1. Teacher, the script says we can only see 2,000 stars with the naked eye, but 50,000 with binoculars. That's a huge difference! Why does upgrading the tool cause such a leap in the number of visible stars?
2. There's a metaphor comparing finding supernovae to looking for a lit birthday candle in Manhattan windows. I want to ask, why use 'finding a candle' to describe 'finding a supernova'? Does this analogy specifically emphasize how hard it is to find them?
3. The script mentions stars 'expiring quietly like a campfire at dawn,' which contrasts with supernovae 'exploding.' Why do most stars die silently while supernovae explode? What's the essential difference between the two?
4. Reverend Evans was just an amateur with a small 10-inch telescope, so why did the professional astronomical community initially think he was 'out of his mind'? What exactly was the gap between his amateur equipment and professional requirements?
5. Teacher, Evans is from Australia in the Southern Hemisphere. The script says he 'had a lot of sky largely to himself.' I'm not quite getting how geography became an advantage? Why couldn't astronomers in the Northern Hemisphere do the same thing?

1 00:00:12,850 --> 00:00:13,150 Hello guys, 2 00:00:13,450 --> 00:00:14,270 welcome back. 3 00:00:14,450 --> 00:00:18,030 Let's continue to learn about the Reverend Evans and 4 00:00:18,030 --> 00:00:19,110 supernovae. 5 00:00:20,680 --> 00:00:23,360 Here is the summary of lesson 13. 6 00:00:24,130 --> 00:00:27,350 Zwicky was an odd and aggressive fitness buff, 7 00:00:27,510 --> 00:00:30,990 but he was also a pre scient astrophysicist. 8 00:00:31,170 --> 00:00:34,810 He was the first person to propound the ideas of neutron 9 00:00:34,810 --> 00:00:37,610 star,supernova,and dark matter. 10 00:00:38,260 --> 00:00:40,540 如果您使用了不同的语言, 11 00:00:40,720 --> 00:00:43,660 但总的意义是一样,那也没问题。 12 00:00:45,650 --> 00:00:49,580 再一次,前面的课题的问题。 13 00:00:49,820 --> 00:00:52,620 在作者参与他时,如何认识到最多的超级传统人物? 14 00:00:56,170 --> 00:00:56,810 我们来看看。 15 00:00:58,900 --> 00:01:02,300 惊讶地,宇宙的少数是我们看到的, 16 00:01:02,780 --> 00:01:05,560 当我们向天上传向我们的头部时。 17 00:01:06,980 --> 00:01:09,360 实际上,我们已经遇到这句话了。 18 00:01:18,920 --> 00:01:24,040 在上一课的句子里边 inclined 的意思是倾向但 19 00:01:24,290 --> 00:01:30,750 凡任何人表现出这样的一种倾向想要怀疑他的男子乞 20 00:01:30,750 --> 00:01:35,210 丐他就要就地做几个单臂俯卧撞 But 21 00:01:35,720 --> 00:01:40,460 in our sentenceincline means tilt 在我们今天的句子 22 00:01:40,460 --> 00:01:45,880 里呢又见到了 incline 这个词它的意思是倾斜其实倾 23 00:01:45,880 --> 00:01:50,580 斜和倾向这两个意思是有联系的大家看得出来那么 24 00:01:50,840 --> 00:01:56,800 把我们的头倾斜着朝向天空它的意思就是当我们翘首 25 00:01:56,800 --> 00:01:58,400 仰望夜空的时候 26 00:01:59,200 --> 00:02:03,320 Sur prisingly little of the universe is visible to us We 27 00:02:03,320 --> 00:02:09,520 can see very little of the universe 我们所能看到的宇 28 00:02:09,520 --> 00:02:12,120 宙真是少得可怜 Only 29 00:02:12,760 --> 00:02:13,640 about 6, 30 00:02:13,880 --> 00:02:18,660 000 stars are visible to the naked eye from Earth Naked 31 00:02:18,660 --> 00:02:24,580 means not wearing anything Naked eye 指的就是没有用 32 00:02:24,580 --> 00:02:31,760 望远镜没有借助任何手段的裸眼去看也可以说肉眼从 33 00:02:32,310 --> 00:02:38,710 地球上肉眼所能见到的星星只有六千颗 And only about 34 00:02:38,710 --> 00:02:42,410 two thousand can be seen from any one spot 35 00:02:43,610 --> 00:02:48,670 说了肉眼可见的只有六千颗但并不意味着在一个晴朗 36 00:02:48,670 --> 00:02:53,950 的夜晚你站在一个地方往天上看你就能看到这六千颗 37 00:02:53,950 --> 00:02:55,930 其实你只能看到两千 38 00:02:56,450 --> 00:02:58,970 That is because if 39 00:02:59,000 --> 00:03:01,720 you look at the sky from this part of the earth 40 00:03:04,760 --> 00:03:10,840 在地球另外一端的这个夜空你是看不到的所以如果从 41 00:03:10,840 --> 00:03:14,780 任何一个点去看的话你只能看到两千颗 42 00:03:26,110 --> 00:03:30,410 但是如果你有了这个 binoculars 也可以读作 43 00:03:30,410 --> 00:03:38,110 binoculars 就是双筒望远镜 BI 这个前缀表示双 R 就在 44 00:03:38,110 --> 00:03:43,310 前几课我们学到 Binary System 双星系统的时候跟大家 45 00:03:43,310 --> 00:03:48,530 说过了双筒望远镜那么你能看到的星星数量一下子就 46 00:03:48,530 --> 00:03:54,030 会跳到五万颗 And with a small two inch telescope, 47 00:03:54,450 --> 00:03:57,130 it leaps to three hundred thousand. 48 00:03:59,140 --> 00:04:03,980 Sm all two inch telescope Telescope 是天文望远镜 49 00:04:03,980 --> 00:04:10,260 2inch 指的是它的直径是 2 英寸的也就是比较小的小型 50 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:15,380 的天文温暖镜它的数字你所能看到的星星的数字就会 51 00:04:15,380 --> 00:04:17,620 一下子飙升到 52 00:04:17,660 --> 00:04:23,880 30 万颗可以看一下它用的动词是不同的 rises to, 53 00:04:24,040 --> 00:04:26,300 leaps to 虽 54 00:04:26,420 --> 00:04:30,940 然意思是相近的但是如果一直都用同一个词的话就显 55 00:04:30,940 --> 00:04:31,760 得太单调了 56 00:04:43,000 --> 00:04:48,060 但如果你的天文望远镜更高级一些 16 英寸的跟这个 57 00:04:48,060 --> 00:04:54,180 Evans 用的是一样那么你就不仅能够看到星星你还能 58 00:04:54,180 --> 00:04:57,080 够看到星系 Galaxies 59 00:04:57,620 --> 00:05:04,500 这个星系指的是像银河系这样的星系那才叫星系太阳 60 00:05:04,500 --> 00:05:10,720 系呢虽然里边也有一个系字但是太阳系不是一个星系 61 00:05:10,720 --> 00:05:14,640 它只是自己的一个天体系统在 62 00:05:15,150 --> 00:05:18,210 一个星系里边是有着非常多的星星 63 00:05:18,880 --> 00:05:23,360 从他的图片中 Evans 认为他能看到 50, 64 00:05:23,900 --> 00:05:25,280 000 和 100, 65 00:05:25,620 --> 00:05:27,420 000 个星星每 66 00:05:27,480 --> 00:05:35,480 个星系里面有十多亿的星星每一个星系里面都有几百 67 00:05:35,480 --> 00:05:38,020 亿颗的恒星也 68 00:05:38,240 --> 00:05:43,700 就是像我们的 The Milky Way Galaxy 银河系里面有很多 69 00:05:43,700 --> 00:05:46,940 很多像太阳这样的恒星 These 70 00:05:48,320 --> 00:05:53,760 are of course respectable numbersrespectable 如果指 71 00:05:53,760 --> 00:05:58,720 一个人的话就是值得尊敬的那么这个数字怎么 72 00:05:58,910 --> 00:06:04,790 能值得尊敬呢意思是这是非常可观的一个数字非常大 73 00:06:04,790 --> 00:06:07,950 的一个数字,令人肃然起敬的数字。 74 00:06:08,220 --> 00:06:11,020 But even with so much to take in, 75 00:06:11,300 --> 00:06:14,320 supernovae are extremely rare. 76 00:06:14,880 --> 00:06:19,040 虽然说我们能够看到的恒星是如此众多, 77 00:06:19,160 --> 00:06:24,550 但是超新星还是很难得一见的。 78 00:06:25,890 --> 00:06:28,790 But why are supernovae such rare signs? 79 00:06:29,610 --> 00:06:33,410 Well,because a star can burn for billions of years, 80 00:06:33,410 --> 00:06:37,970 but it dies just once and quickly and only a few dying 81 00:06:37,970 --> 00:06:39,090 stars explode 82 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:46,560 恒星可以燃烧几十亿年但是死亡的时候确实一下子就 83 00:06:46,560 --> 00:06:51,320 完完了而且还不是所有的恒星死亡的时候都会爆炸 84 00:06:51,320 --> 00:06:56,120 only a few most expire quietly like a campfire at 85 00:06:56,120 --> 00:07:02,610 dawnexpire means finish or come to an end or die the most 86 00:07:02,610 --> 00:07:05,330 die quietlylike a campfire, 87 00:07:05,550 --> 00:07:08,030 this is a campfire,at dawn, 88 00:07:08,290 --> 00:07:11,330 dawn means daybreak,early in the morning, 89 00:07:11,510 --> 00:07:13,650 大部分恒星死亡的时候, 90 00:07:14,010 --> 00:07:17,290 就像是黎明时分的篝火一样, 91 00:07:17,370 --> 00:07:20,130 悄无声息的就熄灭了。 92 00:07:20,310 --> 00:07:23,830 In a typical galaxy consisting of a hundred billion 93 00:07:23,830 --> 00:07:24,350 stars, 94 00:07:24,770 --> 00:07:28,990 a supernova will occur on average once every two or 95 00:07:28,990 --> 00:07:29,890 three hundred years. 96 00:07:31,540 --> 00:07:37,830 consisting of 意思是包括有什么组成 typical 97 00:07:38,090 --> 00:07:46,090 典型的我们要看到 typetype type 是类型的意思那 98 00:07:46,090 --> 00:07:51,850 typical 就是指拥有这个类型的典型特征的在 99 00:07:52,420 --> 00:07:58 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）