第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第2讲

1. 讲稿里说 Zwicky 的 personality 是 'abrasive'，这词本意是砂纸，那形容人性格时具体是指哪种让人不舒服的表现呀？
2. 文中提到 Zwicky 被同事看作 'irritating buffoon'，buffoon 是小丑的意思，那他具体干了啥事让大家觉得他又烦又像个跳梁小丑呢？
3. 'distinguish himself' 和 'stand out' 好像都能表示‘脱颖而出’，在这段描述 Zwicky 的语境里，这两个词有啥细微的区别吗？
4. 为什么 Zwicky 明明是个天才，却会被合作者拒绝单独相处，甚至有人指控他是纳粹？这跟他性格里的 'erratic' 有啥关系？
5. Zwicky 提出中子星密度极大，文中用 'a spoonful of matter... would weigh 200 billion pounds' 来比喻，这个夸张的说法到底想强调中子星的什么特性？

1. The transcript says Zwicky's personality was 'abrasive'. Since this word literally means sandpaper, what specific behaviors does it refer to when describing someone's character?
2. The text mentions Zwicky was seen as an 'irritating buffoon' by his colleagues. Since 'buffoon' means clown, what exactly did he do to make people find him both annoying and ridiculous?
3. 'Distinguish himself' and 'stand out' both seem to mean 'to be outstanding'. In the context of describing Zwicky, is there any subtle difference between these two expressions?
4. Why did Zwicky, despite being a genius, get rejected for one-on-one interaction by collaborators and even accused of being a Nazi? How does his 'erratic' personality play a role in this?
5. Zwicky proposed that neutron stars have extreme density, using the metaphor 'a spoonful of matter... would weigh 200 billion pounds'. What specific characteristic of neutron stars is this exaggeration trying to emphasize?

1 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:14,060 Welcome back. 2 00:00:14,780 --> 00:00:17,500 Previously we learned about the Reverend Evans, 3 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:22,680 who is the titan of the sky.He hunts supernovae.But 4 00:00:24,340 --> 00:00:28,360 the term supernova was coined in the 1930s by a 5 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:32,500 memorably odd astrophysicist named Fritz Zwicky. 6 00:00:33,260 --> 00:00:35,820 To coin a word means to make, 7 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,900 to create,or invent a word that didn't exist before. 8 00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:43,290 Memorable means worth remembering. 9 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:49,830 Supernova 这个词却不是由 The Reverend Evans 创造的 10 00:00:49,830 --> 00:00:55,800 它是由一个名叫 Fritz Zwicky 的天文物理学家创造出 11 00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:59,240 来的这是一位令人怀念的, 12 00:00:59,300 --> 00:01:05,210 值得人记住的一个但是性情又古怪的科学家 Born in 13 00:01:05,210 --> 00:01:09,350 Bulgaria and raised in Switzerland Zwicky came to the 14 00:01:09,350 --> 00:01:13,950 California Institute of Technology in the 1920s and 15 00:01:13,950 --> 00:01:18,150 there at once distinguished himself by his abrasive 16 00:01:18,150 --> 00:01:21,490 personality and erratic talents 他 17 00:01:21,910 --> 00:01:25,010 生于东欧的保加利亚生 18 00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:30,850 长于北欧的瑞士 raised 就是被抚养成人他 19 00:01:32,680 --> 00:01:39,580 在 1920 年代来到加州理工学院然后在那立刻就 20 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:45,340 distinguished himself Distinguish 在十二课的时候 21 00:01:45,340 --> 00:01:50,200 学过了 For the month or so that they are visible all that 22 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:54,240 distinguishes them from the other stars in the sky is 23 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,280 that they occupy a point of space that wasn't filled 24 00:01:57,280 --> 00:02:02,500 before So to distinguish them from other things means 25 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:06,180 to set them apart from other things 这里 26 00:02:07,050 --> 00:02:08,190 distinguish himself 27 00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:14,070 立刻就引人注目立刻就崭露头角但是 28 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:17,340 是由于什么原因呢是 by his abrasive 29 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:23,580 personalityabrasive 它的本意是粗糙的比如 30 00:02:23,740 --> 00:02:28,900 说 abrasive paper 不知道大家见过没有这种叫做砂纸 31 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:34,530 也叫 s and paper 我们用这种砂纸来打磨物体的表面把 32 00:02:34,530 --> 00:02:39,560 它磨光滑你可以想象如果用它来磨你的皮肤会是什么 33 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:44,400 感觉所以 abrasive personality 他的性格是这样的 34 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:49,160 abrasive 非常粗糙其实也就是说 very rude 35 00:02:50,780 --> 00:02:54,100 跟他相处一定不是非常舒服的 and 36 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:58,920 erraticerratic 是指 unpredictable 性 37 00:02:59,270 --> 00:03:00,830 情有点古怪 38 00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:06,380 非常多变你根本不知道是怎么回事由于他性情暴躁但 39 00:03:06,380 --> 00:03:09,700 又是一个怪才所以他一开始就非常突出 40 00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,540 He didn't seem to be outstandingly bright but many of 41 00:03:16,540 --> 00:03:19,580 his colleagues considered himlittle more than an 42 00:03:19,580 --> 00:03:26,080 irritating buffoon Outstanding 是杰出的我们可以看 43 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:32,600 一下这个词如果把它变成动词的话那就 stand out 站 44 00:03:32,640 --> 00:03:35,880 出来就是与众不同的意思他 45 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:42,630 看起来并不像是一个一等一的绝顶聪明的人 Bright 就 46 00:03:42,630 --> 00:03:44,610 是聪明他的 47 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:49,160 很多同事仅仅是把他看成是一个 irritating 48 00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:55,470 buffoonirritating means annoying 很烦人的招人烦的 49 00:03:55,470 --> 00:03:59,410 buffoon this is a buffoon 所以 50 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:04,440 在同事的眼中他只不过是一个招人烦的小丑 a 51 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:08,640 fitness buff he would often drop to the floor of the 52 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:13,180 Caltech dining hall or other public areas and do one 53 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:17,200 armed push ups to demonstrate his virility to anyone 54 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:23,070 who seemed inclined to doubt it Fitness buff A 55 00:04:23,390 --> 00:04:26,910 buff means someone who is very enthusiastic and 56 00:04:26,910 --> 00:04:29,650 knowledgeable about something 对 57 00:04:29,810 --> 00:04:35,110 某一个事物非常了解非常狂热的人叫 buff Fitness 58 00:04:35,370 --> 00:04:43,120 健身他是一个健身狂 Push ups 图中表现的是 one armed 59 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:49,930 push ups 单臂俯卧撑 Verility 我们先看它的形容词就 60 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:55,960 是 Veril Veril means brave and strong and energetic 61 00:04:56,860 --> 00:05:03,630 Verility 指的就是那种很勇猛的男子气概 Inclined 62 00:05:03,750 --> 00:05:06,870 指的是倾向于有这种趋势 63 00:05:08,190 --> 00:05:11,830 所以整个句子的意思是 Zwicky 是一个健身狂 64 00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:18,290 要是有人对他的男子气概表示稍微一点点的怀疑的 65 00:05:18,290 --> 00:05:19,270 话,他 66 00:05:19,460 --> 00:05:25,520 就会在加州理工学院的食堂或者其他什么公共场所马 67 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:29,940 上就就地坐几个单臂俯卧撑来证明, 68 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:33,880 来 demonstrate,展示自己的男子乞丐。 69 00:05:46,130 --> 00:05:50,270 Refused to be left alone with him Notorious means 70 00:05:50,270 --> 00:05:56,190 famous for something bad Aggressive means so rude And 71 00:05:56,190 --> 00:06:00,430 act as if he wants to fight or quarrel with someone 他是 72 00:06:00,430 --> 00:06:05,470 个出了名的张牙舞爪的人物他的举止行为到后来 73 00:06:05,470 --> 00:06:08,930 Eventually means in the end Becoming so intimidating 74 00:06:08,930 --> 00:06:11,550 Intimidating means scaring, 75 00:06:11,710 --> 00:06:12,270 threatening 76 00:06:12,970 --> 00:06:18,030 他的行为举止到后来变得越发的变本加厉变得越来越 77 00:06:18,030 --> 00:06:25,160 吓人了 Collaborator means co operatorperson who 78 00:06:25,160 --> 00:06:26,340 works with him 79 00:06:27,300 --> 00:06:34,230 就连合作者一个名叫 Waterbaud Gentle man Gentle 也就 80 00:06:34,230 --> 00:06:38,520 是非常友好和善的一个谦谦君子 81 00:06:39,720 --> 00:06:47,680 都拒绝跟他单独相处 among other things Zwicky 82 00:06:47,680 --> 00:06:52,720 accused Bard who was German of being a Naziwhich 83 00:06:52,780 --> 00:06:57,980 he was not among other things 就说明 Zwicky 干了很多这 84 00:06:57,980 --> 00:07:04,120 种事其中一个就是 Zwicky accused Bard of being a Nazi 85 00:07:04,120 --> 00:07:10,500 Nazi 是纳粹党徒以希特勒为首在 86 00:07:10,570 --> 00:07:16,790 德国发动了第二次世界大战就是德国法西斯那这个 87 00:07:16,790 --> 00:07:21,890 Bart 他确实是德国人可是他并不是纳粹党徒但 Zwicky 88 00:07:21,890 --> 00:07:28,210 就指责他指控他为纳粹党徒 accused someone of doing 89 00:07:28,210 --> 00:07:33,370 s ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）