第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第2讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Zwicky 用 'abrasive personality' 形容自己，这词字面意思是砂纸，那在形容性格时，具体是指他说话很冲、让人不舒服，还是指他做事特别粗糙、不注重细节呀？
2. Fritz Zwicky 创造 'supernova' 这个词的时候，'to coin a word' 这个短语除了表示‘创造新词’，在日常生活里还能用在别的场景吗？比如发明某种新产品算不算？
3. 文中提到 Zwicky 被同事视为 'irritating buffoon'（烦人的小丑），这和前面说的 'distinguished himself'（崭露头角）感觉有点矛盾，这两者在描述一个人时，侧重点到底有什么区别？
4. 既然 Zwicky 看起来并不 'outstandingly bright'（绝顶聪明），为什么同事们还是觉得他 'erratic'（古怪多变）并且让他 'distinguished himself' 了呢？他的那些怪行为（比如做单臂俯卧撑）对他成为著名天体物理学家有什么影响吗？
5. 讲稿里把 'buff' 解释为对某事狂热的人（如 fitness buff），那如果我是一个超级喜欢英语学习的 'English buff'，这个用法在正式学术写作里合适吗，还是只能用在口语里？

1. Teacher, the transcript describes Zwicky's 'abrasive personality' literally as sandpaper. Does this mean he was rude and made people uncomfortable, or does it imply he was rough and careless in his work?
2. When Fritz Zwicky coined the term 'supernova', besides meaning 'to invent a new word', can the phrase 'to coin a word' be used in other contexts, such as inventing a new product?
3. The text says Zwicky was seen as an 'irritating buffoon' by colleagues, which seems contradictory to him having 'distinguished himself'. What is the key difference in focus between these two descriptions?
4. Since Zwicky didn't seem 'outstandingly bright', why did his 'erratic' behavior and quirks (like doing one-armed push-ups) make him 'distinguished'? Did these eccentricities actually help or hinder his career as an astrophysicist?
5. The transcript defines 'buff' as someone enthusiastic about a topic (e.g., a fitness buff). If I call myself an 'English buff', is this usage appropriate for formal academic writing, or is it strictly colloquial?

1 00:00:13,360 --> 00:00:14,060 Welcome back. 2 00:00:14,780 --> 00:00:17,500 Previously we learned about the Reverend Evans, 3 00:00:17,880 --> 00:00:22,680 who is the titan of the sky.He hunts supernovae.But 4 00:00:24,340 --> 00:00:28,360 the term supernova was coined in the 1930s by a 5 00:00:28,360 --> 00:00:32,500 memorably odd astrophysicist named Fritz Zwicky. 6 00:00:33,260 --> 00:00:35,820 To coin a word means to make, 7 00:00:36,040 --> 00:00:39,900 to create,or invent a word that didn't exist before. 8 00:00:40,570 --> 00:00:43,290 Memorable means worth remembering. 9 00:00:44,350 --> 00:00:49,830 Supernova 这个词却不是由 The Reverend Evans 创造的 10 00:00:49,830 --> 00:00:55,800 它是由一个名叫 Fritz Zwicky 的天文物理学家创造出 11 00:00:55,800 --> 00:00:59,240 来的这是一位令人怀念的, 12 00:00:59,300 --> 00:01:05,210 值得人记住的一个但是性情又古怪的科学家 Born in 13 00:01:05,210 --> 00:01:09,350 Bulgaria and raised in Switzerland Zwicky came to the 14 00:01:09,350 --> 00:01:13,950 California Institute of Technology in the 1920s and 15 00:01:13,950 --> 00:01:18,150 there at once distinguished himself by his abrasive 16 00:01:18,150 --> 00:01:21,490 personality and erratic talents 他 17 00:01:21,910 --> 00:01:25,010 生于东欧的保加利亚生 18 00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:30,850 长于北欧的瑞士 raised 就是被抚养成人他 19 00:01:32,680 --> 00:01:39,580 在 1920 年代来到加州理工学院然后在那立刻就 20 00:01:39,580 --> 00:01:45,340 distinguished himself Distinguish 在十二课的时候 21 00:01:45,340 --> 00:01:50,200 学过了 For the month or so that they are visible all that 22 00:01:50,200 --> 00:01:54,240 distinguishes them from the other stars in the sky is 23 00:01:54,240 --> 00:01:57,280 that they occupy a point of space that wasn't filled 24 00:01:57,280 --> 00:02:02,500 before So to distinguish them from other things means 25 00:02:02,500 --> 00:02:06,180 to set them apart from other things 这里 26 00:02:07,050 --> 00:02:08,190 distinguish himself 27 00:02:08,670 --> 00:02:14,070 立刻就引人注目立刻就崭露头角但是 28 00:02:14,200 --> 00:02:17,340 是由于什么原因呢是 by his abrasive 29 00:02:17,340 --> 00:02:23,580 personalityabrasive 它的本意是粗糙的比如 30 00:02:23,740 --> 00:02:28,900 说 abrasive paper 不知道大家见过没有这种叫做砂纸 31 00:02:28,900 --> 00:02:34,530 也叫 s and paper 我们用这种砂纸来打磨物体的表面把 32 00:02:34,530 --> 00:02:39,560 它磨光滑你可以想象如果用它来磨你的皮肤会是什么 33 00:02:39,560 --> 00:02:44,400 感觉所以 abrasive personality 他的性格是这样的 34 00:02:44,400 --> 00:02:49,160 abrasive 非常粗糙其实也就是说 very rude 35 00:02:50,780 --> 00:02:54,100 跟他相处一定不是非常舒服的 and 36 00:02:54,480 --> 00:02:58,920 erraticerratic 是指 unpredictable 性 37 00:02:59,270 --> 00:03:00,830 情有点古怪 38 00:03:00,960 --> 00:03:06,380 非常多变你根本不知道是怎么回事由于他性情暴躁但 39 00:03:06,380 --> 00:03:09,700 又是一个怪才所以他一开始就非常突出 40 00:03:12,320 --> 00:03:16,540 He didn't seem to be outstandingly bright but many of 41 00:03:16,540 --> 00:03:19,580 his colleagues considered himlittle more than an 42 00:03:19,580 --> 00:03:26,080 irritating buffoon Outstanding 是杰出的我们可以看 43 00:03:26,080 --> 00:03:32,600 一下这个词如果把它变成动词的话那就 stand out 站 44 00:03:32,640 --> 00:03:35,880 出来就是与众不同的意思他 45 00:03:37,250 --> 00:03:42,630 看起来并不像是一个一等一的绝顶聪明的人 Bright 就 46 00:03:42,630 --> 00:03:44,610 是聪明他的 47 00:03:44,800 --> 00:03:49,160 很多同事仅仅是把他看成是一个 irritating 48 00:03:49,160 --> 00:03:55,470 buffoonirritating means annoying 很烦人的招人烦的 49 00:03:55,470 --> 00:03:59,410 buffoon this is a buffoon 所以 50 00:03:59,440 --> 00:04:04,440 在同事的眼中他只不过是一个招人烦的小丑 a 51 00:04:04,800 --> 00:04:08,640 fitness buff he would often drop to the floor of the 52 00:04:08,640 --> 00:04:13,180 Caltech dining hall or other public areas and do one 53 00:04:13,180 --> 00:04:17,200 armed push ups to demonstrate his virility to anyone 54 00:04:17,200 --> 00:04:23,070 who seemed inclined to doubt it Fitness buff A 55 00:04:23,390 --> 00:04:26,910 buff means someone who is very enthusiastic and 56 00:04:26,910 --> 00:04:29,650 knowledgeable about something 对 57 00:04:29,810 --> 00:04:35,110 某一个事物非常了解非常狂热的人叫 buff Fitness 58 00:04:35,370 --> 00:04:43,120 健身他是一个健身狂 Push ups 图中表现的是 one armed 59 00:04:43,120 --> 00:04:49,930 push ups 单臂俯卧撑 Verility 我们先看它的形容词就 60 00:04:49,930 --> 00:04:55,960 是 Veril Veril means brave and strong and energetic 61 00:04:56,860 --> 00:05:03,630 Verility 指的就是那种很勇猛的男子气概 Inclined 62 00:05:03,750 --> 00:05:06,870 指的是倾向于有这种趋势 63 00:05:08,190 --> 00:05:11,830 所以整个句子的意思是 Zwicky 是一个健身狂 64 00:05:12,050 --> 00:05:18,390 要是有人对他的男子气概表示稍微一点点的怀疑的话 65 00:05:19,040 --> 00:05:25,000 他就会在加州理工学院的食堂或者其他什么公共场所 66 00:05:25,000 --> 00:05:31,480 马上就就地做几个单臂俯卧撑来证明来 demonstrate 67 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:33,860 展示自己的男子气概