第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第1讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'Supernovae occur when a giant star... collapses and then spectacularly explodes'，这句话的主干到底是不是 'Supernovae occur'？那个 'when' 引导的整个长句子是作状语吗？
2. 文中提到超新星爆炸释放的能量 'releasing in an instant the energy of a hundred billion suns'，这里的 'releasing' 和 'burning' 在语法上都是伴随状语吗？它们修饰的是哪个动作呢？
3. 讲稿里用 'wreck the show' 来形容超新星爆炸对地球的毁灭性影响，这里的 'wreck' 是动词用法吗？它和 'ruin' 意思一样吗？为什么 Evans 牧师说这话时还 'cheerfully'（轻松地）？
4. 为什么超新星爆炸后我们只能看到大约一个月的时间？文中说 'All that distinguishes them from the other stars... is that they occupy a point of space that wasn't filled before'，这句话怎么理解？是不是说那个位置以前没星星，现在突然有了？
5. 最后讲稿里提到 'prigs in the crowded dome of the night sky'，这里的 'dome' 指的是天穹吗？为什么把超新星比作 'prigs'（怪人/刺头）？这和我们平时看到的普通星星有什么区别？

1. Teacher, regarding the sentence 'Supernovae occur when a giant star... collapses and then spectacularly explodes', is the main structure really just 'Supernovae occur'? Is the entire long clause starting with 'when' functioning as an adverbial of time?
2. The text mentions that the explosion is 'releasing in an instant the energy of a hundred billion suns'. Are both 'releasing' and 'burning' grammatically present participles acting as adverbials of accompanying circumstances? What exactly do they modify?
3. The text uses 'wreck the show' to describe the catastrophic impact of a supernova. Is 'wreck' used as a verb here? Is it synonymous with 'ruin'? Why does Pastor Evans say this so 'cheerfully' if it means we would be doomed?
4. Why can we only observe a supernova for about a month? The text says, 'All that distinguishes them from the other stars... is that they occupy a point of space that wasn't filled before.' How should I understand this? Does it mean there was no star there before, and suddenly one appeared?
5. In the phrase 'prigs in the crowded dome of the night sky', does 'dome' refer to the celestial vault? Why are supernovae compared to 'prigs' (eccentric people/oddities)? How does this differ from the ordinary stars we usually see?

1 00:00:06,700 --> 00:00:09,360 Supernovae occur when a giant star, 2 00:00:09,560 --> 00:00:11,700 one much bigger than our own sun, 3 00:00:11,900 --> 00:00:14,660 collapses and then spectacularly explodes, 4 00:00:15,120 --> 00:00:18,420 releasing in an instant the energy of a hundred billion 5 00:00:18,420 --> 00:00:22,580 suns,burning for a time brighter than all the stars in 6 00:00:22,580 --> 00:00:23,220 its galaxy. 7 00:00:24,440 --> 00:00:30,420 这个句子的最主干的结构就是主语加位语只有两个字 8 00:00:30,420 --> 00:00:37,240 就是 supernovae occur 超新星产生 when 后面所带的整 9 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:40,660 个都是一个时间状与重聚我们 10 00:00:41,810 --> 00:00:46,670 现在来看时间状与重聚内部的情况内部的主干是 a 11 00:00:46,670 --> 00:00:50,590 giant star collapses and explodes 12 00:00:51,270 --> 00:00:57,770 一颗巨大的恒星先是它说然后爆炸这就是主干的部分 13 00:00:57,770 --> 00:01:03,670 releasing 和 burning 这两个都是伴随状语指的是爆炸 14 00:01:03,670 --> 00:01:05,390 的过程中伴随的状态 15 00:01:06,680 --> 00:01:10,720 a giant star 它有一个同位语就是后面这个 one much 16 00:01:10,720 --> 00:01:12,540 bigger than our own sun 17 00:01:13,570 --> 00:01:16,810 one 就是指 a giant star 比 18 00:01:17,320 --> 00:01:21,500 我们的太阳还要大得多的一颗巨大的恒星先 19 00:01:21,980 --> 00:01:26,400 是它说然后爆炸非常的壮观 20 00:01:33,180 --> 00:01:36,100 在这个瞬间示范出的能量 21 00:01:36,700 --> 00:01:39,180 相当于一亿颗的太阳 22 00:01:43,440 --> 00:01:49,980 由于燃烧示范出的光量要超过当时整个的星系中所有 23 00:01:49,980 --> 00:01:55,020 的恒星的光量也就是整个星系中所有的恒星的光量加 24 00:01:55,020 --> 00:01:59,940 起来还不如这一颗超新星爆炸的时候所产生的亮度 25 00:01:59,940 --> 00:02:04,690 It's like a trillion hydrogen bombs going off at once, 26 00:02:04,930 --> 00:02:08,910 said Evansgoing off 就是爆炸就 27 00:02:09,040 --> 00:02:13,240 像是一兆颗的氢弹同时引爆那样 If 28 00:02:13,660 --> 00:02:17,420 a supernova explosion happened within 500 light years 29 00:02:17,420 --> 00:02:19,600 of us we would be goners, 30 00:02:19,740 --> 00:02:22,940 according to Evans it would wreck the show, 31 00:02:23,180 --> 00:02:24,960 as he cheerfully puts it 32 00:02:26,540 --> 00:02:31,420 如果超新星爆炸发生在距离我们 500 光年以内的地方 33 00:02:31,420 --> 00:02:35,820 We would be goners G oners means people who are doomed to 34 00:02:35,820 --> 00:02:40,000 die soon 我们就死定了 According to Evans It would 35 00:02:40,000 --> 00:02:45,820 wreck the show Wreck 作为名字的时候是残骸作动词就 36 00:02:45,820 --> 00:02:50,520 是 destroy or ruin It would ruin the show 那就没有好戏 37 00:02:50,520 --> 00:02:55,140 可看了 As he cheerfully puts it Cheerful means happy 或 38 00:02:55,140 --> 00:02:56,320 在好的心态中 39 00:02:56,770 --> 00:03:02,700 他为什么这么轻松如果我们会成为领导您可以在其他 40 00:03:02,680 --> 00:03:08,360 文章中读到为什么但目前为止我将与您分享一段视频 41 00:03:08,360 --> 00:03:10,580 关于西伯诺菲请享受 42 00:03:52,030 --> 00:03:56,490 纽约发生了几十万年的火炎它们都消失了 43 00:04:02,060 --> 00:04:05,520 当它冷却它就变软了它 44 00:04:07,150 --> 00:04:10,050 开始崩溃在自己的重量下它 45 00:04:12,130 --> 00:04:16,000 就崩溃了然后就爆炸了整 46 00:04:27,750 --> 00:04:30,830 个事件是在一千次的一秒之内他们 47 00:04:35,600 --> 00:04:37,340 称之为超级宇宙一 48 00:04:38,040 --> 00:04:41,600 场爆炸那么亮它就霸占了整个宇宙 49 00:04:49,240 --> 00:04:51,620 亿多亿的星球物质就 50 00:04:53,190 --> 00:04:54,390 飞到宇宙 51 00:04:55,050 --> 00:04:55,330 所以 52 00:04:58,880 --> 00:05:04,080 看看超级宇宙 You are witnessing a moment of creation. 53 00:05:04,440 --> 00:05:04,700 The universe 54 00:05:07,710 --> 00:05:08,570 is vast, 55 00:05:09,030 --> 00:05:13,210 and supernovae are normally much too far away to harm 56 00:05:13,210 --> 00:05:16,760 us.好在宇宙如此浩渺, 57 00:05:16,960 --> 00:05:21,350 超新星往往离我们都十分遥远, 58 00:05:21,450 --> 00:05:23,510 根本就伤害不到我们。 59 00:05:23,510 --> 00:05:23,790 In 60 00:05:24,430 --> 00:05:25,550 fact, 61 00:05:25,770 --> 00:05:30,650 most are so unimaginably distant that their light 62 00:05:30,650 --> 00:05:32,750 reaches us as 63 00:05:32,880 --> 00:05:38,060 no more than the faintest twinkle 事实上大部分的超新 64 00:05:38,060 --> 00:05:43,800 星距离我们如此遥远远到无法想象他们的光到达我们 65 00:05:43,800 --> 00:05:50,350 这里的时候只不过只是非常微弱的一点闪烁的星光而 66 00:05:50,350 --> 00:05:55,300 已 no more than means only or merely 只不过 for 67 00:05:55,490 --> 00:05:59,230 the months or so that they are visible 我们 68 00:05:59,780 --> 00:06:05,360 能够看到它们的时间大概只有一个月之前看不到那是 69 00:06:05,360 --> 00:06:10,860 因为之前它的光就非常微弱是因为爆炸了发出了非常 70 00:06:10,860 --> 00:06:16,520 亮的光我们才能够看到一点那之后也就没有了所以能 71 00:06:16,520 --> 00:06:19,480 够观察到的也只有一个月在 72 00:06:19,730 --> 00:06:24,190 这一个月里边呢 All that distinguishes them from the 73 00:06:24,190 --> 00:06:28,670 other stars in the sky is that they occupy a point of 74 00:06:28,670 --> 00:06:32,310 space that wasn't filled before To 75 00:06:33,050 --> 00:06:37,350 distinguish themselves from the other stars means to 76 00:06:37,350 --> 00:06:44,190 set them from the other stars 能够将它们跟其他的恒星 77 00:06:44,190 --> 00:06:49,710 区别开来的是什么呢唯一的一点就是它们占据的这个 78 00:06:49,710 --> 00:06:58,030 点或者这个空间以前并没有星星存在这个点这个位置 79 00:06:58,030 --> 00:06:59,250 以前没有人站 80 00:07:00,140 --> 00:07:04,900 其实只是这个位置以前我们看不到而已它以前也是在 81 00:07:04,900 --> 00:07:07,080 那的那现在看到了 82 00:07:08,870 --> 00:07:13,910 所以呢怎样才能够要看到它们呢才能够辨认出它们你 83 00:07:13,910 --> 00:07:18,510 首先要知道原来的星空是什么样的你要知道什么地方 84 00:07:18,510 --> 00:07:23,430 是没有星星存在观察不到的到了一个时候突然看到了 85 00:07:23,430 --> 00:07:28,250 这个什么地方多了一颗星星过了一个月又没有了那这 86 00:07:28,250 --> 00:07:30,890 可能就是超行星爆炸 87 00:07:42,970 --> 00:07:49,580 Anomalous 之前见过这个词就是 un usual 不同寻常的不 88 00:07:49,580 --> 00:07:50,060 是 89 00:07:50,960 --> 00:07:57,060 很正常的不是经常发生的 very occasionally 只是偶然 90 00:07:57,060 --> 00:08:03,490 发生的 prigsprig 如果是动词的话就是 91 00:08:03,580 --> 00:08:07,720 这张图所表示的样子争刺那 92 00:08:07,980 --> 00:08:12,840 现在做名词怎么理解呢 prigs in the crowded dome of the 93 00:08:12,840 --> 00:08:20,090 night sky 我们先看 dome 吧 dome 就是指这种穹顶圆形的 94 00:08:20,090 --> 00:08:27,570 穹顶可以用这个 dome 来表示天穹还有就是天文馆的那 95 00:08:27,570 --> 00:08:31,130 种那个圆形的屋顶就叫 Dome 这是 96 00:08:31,360 --> 00:08:35,460 每具穹顶之下的海报 Under the Dome 在 97 00:08:35,740 --> 00:08:41,180 那个拥挤的苍穹也就是满天繁星的苍穹中 98 00:08:41,780 --> 00:08:47,180 偶然会出现那么一两个 Prix 就像是挣扎留下了一个洞 99 00:08:47,180 --> 00:08:53,160 那样 Evans 牧师夜晚在满天繁星当中寻找的正是这种 100 00:08:53,160 --> 00:08:57,420 极不寻常而偶 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）