第3章 埃文斯牧师的宇宙 The Reverend Evans's Universe · 第1讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里说北极星的光要跑680年才到地球，所以我们在看它其实是在看680年前的它。那如果现在北极星真的已经熄灭了，我们肉眼还能看到它吗？为啥会有这种‘时空延迟’的感觉？
2. 文中提到 supernova 的复数形式是 supernovae 而不是 supernovas，说这是因为它是拉丁词源。那除了 supernova，还有哪些常见的拉丁词源英语单词是加 'e' 变复数的呀？
3. 讲稿里区分了 kindly 和 kind 的用法，说 'It was so kind of you' 是对的，但 'It was so kindly of you' 是错的。为啥 kind 能形容人的行为（of you），而 kindly 好像只能形容人的性格或态度？
4. Bob Evans 白天是慈祥的牧师，晚上却变身‘搜寻超新星’的猎人，文中用 unassuming 形容他不张扬。Unassuming 和 modest 都有谦逊的意思，它们在语气或侧重点上有啥区别吗？
5. 文中说 nova 在拉丁语里是‘新’的意思，所以衍生出了 novel（新颖）、innovate（创新）、renovate（翻新）。那像‘novel’这种词，除了表示小说，在‘新的’这个核心含义上，还有什么其他相关的词族能帮我联想记忆吗？

1. Teacher, the script says it takes 680 years for the North Star's light to reach us, so we're seeing it as it was 680 years ago. If the star actually went out right now, could we still see it with our naked eyes? Why does this 'time delay' happen?
2. The text mentions that the plural of supernova is supernovae, not supernovas, because it's a Latin root. Besides supernova, are there other common English words of Latin origin that form their plurals by adding 'e'?
3. The script distinguishes between kindly and kind, saying 'It was so kind of you' is correct, but 'It was so kindly of you' is wrong. Why can kind describe an action (of you), while kindly seems to only describe a person's character or attitude?
4. Bob Evans is a kind minister by day but a 'supernova hunter' by night. The text uses unassuming to describe his modesty. What's the difference in tone or focus between unassuming and modest?
5. The text explains that nova means 'new' in Latin, leading to words like novel, innovate, and renovate. Besides 'novel' meaning a book, are there other related words in the 'new' family that can help me memorize them?

1 00:00:07,150 --> 00:00:09,370 The best we can say,can ever say, 2 00:00:09,610 --> 00:00:15,250 is that it was still burning on this date 680 years ago. 3 00:00:15,470 --> 00:00:18,430 He also just said that,for all we know, 4 00:00:18,470 --> 00:00:20,810 the North Star could have burned out already, 5 00:00:21,050 --> 00:00:25,060 but we don't actually know.那我们能够肯定的, 6 00:00:25,080 --> 00:00:26,800 比较明确的说的是什么呢? 7 00:00:27,120 --> 00:00:27,900 那就是, 8 00:00:28,060 --> 00:00:33,120 it was still burning on this date 680 years ago.我们只 9 00:00:33,120 --> 00:00:39,600 能说它在 680 年前的今天还是在燃烧的为什么一定是 10 00:00:39,600 --> 00:00:46,900 680 年呢这就是刚才说的 14 世纪跟那个有关这意味着 11 00:00:46,900 --> 00:00:55,160 北极星距离我们 680 光年它的光要经过 680 年才到达地 12 00:00:55,160 --> 00:00:59,180 球所以我们只能知道它 680 年前的情况 13 00:01:00,460 --> 00:01:03,360 不过呢,这是作者所看的资料吧, 14 00:01:03,420 --> 00:01:06,000 680 年,根据我看的资料呢, 15 00:01:06,460 --> 00:01:08,260 这个距离并没有这么长, 16 00:01:08,400 --> 00:01:11,700 大概是三四百米,不过这并不重要了, 17 00:01:11,760 --> 00:01:14,140 反正就是很长就是了。 18 00:01:31,220 --> 00:01:33,440 better than anyone else who has ever tried, 19 00:01:33,680 --> 00:01:36,620 is spot these moments of celestial farewell. 20 00:01:37,580 --> 00:01:40,540 Cellestial,天空的,天体的, 21 00:01:40,600 --> 00:01:43,120 Cellestial farewell,天空告别式, 22 00:01:43,400 --> 00:01:45,260 it means the death of stars, 23 00:01:45,480 --> 00:01:46,800 恒星的死亡。 24 00:01:47,490 --> 00:01:51,910 M any people have tried to observe or to spot Cellestial 25 00:01:51,910 --> 00:01:52,270 farewell, 26 00:01:53,010 --> 00:01:55,790 but Bob Evans does better than any one of them. 27 00:01:56,390 --> 00:02:00,030 很多人试图观测这星空的告别式, 28 00:02:00,030 --> 00:02:04,710 但是 Bob Evans 是个中翘楚 By 29 00:02:06,090 --> 00:02:06,430 day, 30 00:02:06,610 --> 00:02:10,170 Evans is a kindly and a semi retired minister in the 31 00:02:10,170 --> 00:02:15,640 United Church in Australia Kindly 跟 kind 这个词很相 32 00:02:15,640 --> 00:02:21,220 似但是用法会稍有不同你可以说 he is a kindly fellow 33 00:02:21,220 --> 00:02:26,080 或者 he is a kind fellow 这都行但是你只能说 it was so 34 00:02:26,080 --> 00:02:30,400 kind of you to help the poor old man 不能说 It was so 35 00:02:30,400 --> 00:02:36,980 kindly of you to help the poor old man Evans 生性慈祥 36 00:02:37,660 --> 00:02:42,780 Now semi retired minister 他是现在澳 37 00:02:42,880 --> 00:02:50,180 大利亚联合教会的半退休的牧师 Semi 一半大家 38 00:02:50,500 --> 00:02:55,260 看一下这个 Semi official 这是半官方的 Semi final 39 00:02:55,420 --> 00:02:58,040 半决赛 Semi circle 40 00:02:58,080 --> 00:03:03,560 半圆 freelance means working independently for 41 00:03:03,560 --> 00:03:07,500 different organizationsrather than being employed 42 00:03:07,500 --> 00:03:09,320 by one particular organization 43 00:03:10,580 --> 00:03:16,000 不是专门受雇于某一个机构而只是在对方需要的时候 44 00:03:16,000 --> 00:03:21,420 自己有空的时候去做一点工作这叫 freelance work He 45 00:03:22,610 --> 00:03:25,950 does a bit of freelance work and researches the history 46 00:03:25,950 --> 00:03:30,970 of 19th century religious movements 除了到教会里边 47 00:03:30,970 --> 00:03:36,970 去做点工作以外有时候还研究十九世纪的宗教运动史 48 00:03:44,780 --> 00:03:48,940 可是到了晚上呢他的身份就变了 49 00:03:49,690 --> 00:03:51,910 他不再是一个宗教人士 50 00:03:54,120 --> 00:03:58,320 我们在第一课的时候就学过这个 assumingunassuming 51 00:03:58,320 --> 00:04:05,920 指的是是不张扬的谦逊的 Titan 是希腊神话里的巨人 52 00:04:05,920 --> 00:04:13,360 一到晚上他就成了一个锋芒不露的天空巨人 He 53 00:04:14,480 --> 00:04:20,820 hunts supernovaehunts 本意是打猎搜捕在这就是搜寻 54 00:04:20,820 --> 00:04:27,040 他搜寻超新星 supernovae 是这个词的复数形式单数是 55 00:04:27,040 --> 00:04:31,880 supernova 这样的单复数变形显得比较不规则显得比 56 00:04:31,880 --> 00:04:34,200 较陌生那是因为 he 57 00:04:36,150 --> 00:04:42,450 hunts supernovahunts 是打猎搜捕的意思在这儿引申 58 00:04:42,450 --> 00:04:45,550 为搜寻他搜寻超新星 59 00:04:46,070 --> 00:04:50,570 supernova 是这个词的复数形式它的单数是 supernova 60 00:04:50,570 --> 00:04:55,510 这样的单复数变形形式大家会觉得比较陌生那是因为 61 00:04:55,510 --> 00:05:01,690 nova 不是英文的词汇它是拉丁文词汇所以它的变形规 62 00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:07,090 则是 nova 和 a 的后面加 e 而不是加 s In 63 00:05:07,920 --> 00:05:11,820 Latin,nova means new or new star 拉 64 00:05:12,300 --> 00:05:15,380 丁文中 nova 的含义就是 He 65 00:05:21,040 --> 00:05:28,240 hunts supernovahunts 本意是打猎捕猎在这就是搜寻 66 00:05:28,240 --> 00:05:33,400 supernova 是这个词的复数形式它的单数是 supernova 67 00:05:34,160 --> 00:05:38,640 这样的单复数变形显得比较陌生我们会感到比较陌生 68 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:43,480 那是因为 nova 其实并不是英文中的词汇而是拉丁文的 69 00:05:43,480 --> 00:05:47,020 词汇它是在 a 后面加 e 表示复数 70 00:05:47,520 --> 00:05:51,000 in lat in nova means new or new star 71 00:05:52,840 --> 00:05:57,960 我们可以看一下其他包含 nova 这个词根的其他的英语 72 00:05:57,960 --> 00:06:00,500 词汇 what a novel idea 73 00:06:01,180 --> 00:06:03,900 多么新颖的想法 The 74 00:06:04,060 --> 00:06:07,660 company has successfully innovated new products and 75 00:06:07,660 --> 00:06:12,440 services innovate 在这儿是指创新 The 76 00:06:12,630 --> 00:06:17,670 hotel has just been renovated 这个 renovate 是翻新翻 77 00:06:17,670 --> 00:06:22,650 修也就是重新装修过了我们可以看出来这里面都包含 78 00:06:22,650 --> 00:06:23,830 着新的含义