第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第5讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说冥王星只是太阳系挂图上的最后一个标记，但为什么它其实离太阳系边缘还远着呢？这里的 'far from' 具体该怎么理解？
2. 我有点搞混 'itinerary' 和 'undertaking' 这两个词。 itinerary 是旅行计划，那 undertaking 在这里指登月或火星任务时，除了表示 '大任务' 还有什么隐含的意思吗？
3. 讲稿里提到 'we won't get to the solar system's edge until we have passed through the Oort cloud'，这个 'not ... until' 的结构是不是意味着只有穿过奥尔特云才算真正到达边缘？
4. 为什么老布什总统提出的火星载人任务会被 'quietly dropped'（悄无声息地搁置）？是因为太贵还是因为风险太大，比如那个 'DNA torn to tatters' 的说法？
5. 既然哈勃望远镜连奥尔特云都看不见，为什么科学家还确定它存在？讲稿里说的 'hypothetical'（假说）和 'probable'（可能）之间有什么区别？

1. Teacher, the script says Pluto is just the last object marked on school charts, but why is it still far from the solar system's edge? How exactly should I understand the phrase 'far from' here?
2. I'm a bit confused between 'itinerary' and 'undertaking'. I know itinerary means a travel plan, but when 'undertaking' refers to the moon or Mars missions, does it imply something more than just a 'big task'?
3. The script says 'we won't get to the solar system's edge until we have passed through the Oort cloud'. Does this 'not ... until' structure mean we only truly reach the edge after passing through the cloud?
4. Why was President George H.W. Bush's proposal for a manned Mars mission 'quietly dropped'? Was it because of the cost or the high risks, like the mention of 'DNA torn to tatters'?
5. Since the Hubble telescope can't even see the Oort cloud, why are scientists sure it exists? What's the difference between 'hypothetical' and 'probable' as mentioned in the script?

1 00:00:10,960 --> 00:00:13,300 Hello everybody,welcome back to my class. 2 00:00:14,020 --> 00:00:18,720 Previously we talked about what a lonely void space is 3 00:00:18,720 --> 00:00:22,360 and how far apart everything is from each other. 4 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:24,340 And our question was, 5 00:00:24,580 --> 00:00:27,860 why do comets drift in a stately manner? 6 00:00:28,100 --> 00:00:29,900 Why do they move so slowly? 7 00:00:30,680 --> 00:00:32,640 Here we go.Now 8 00:00:33,000 --> 00:00:36,900 the other thing you will notice as we speed past Pluto is 9 00:00:36,900 --> 00:00:38,820 that we are speeding past Pluto 10 00:00:39,550 --> 00:00:44,230 Speed past means to go past very fast, 11 00:00:44,490 --> 00:00:46,270 very quickly 当 12 00:00:46,690 --> 00:00:51,710 我们飞越冥王星的时候我们一定会注意到 Hey 我们在 13 00:00:51,710 --> 00:00:53,670 飞越冥王星了这 14 00:00:53,700 --> 00:00:57,580 有什么特别呢 Because Pluto is usually the last 15 00:00:57,580 --> 00:01:01,420 objectmarked on the school room chart of a solar system 16 00:01:01,420 --> 00:01:04,300 So if we are speeding past Pluto, 17 00:01:04,680 --> 00:01:06,920 does that mean we 18 00:01:07,370 --> 00:01:10,090 are speeding past the edge of the universe? 19 00:01:11,050 --> 00:01:13,210 If you check your itinerary, 20 00:01:13,390 --> 00:01:16,570 you will see that this is a trip to the edge of our solar 21 00:01:16,570 --> 00:01:17,050 system. 22 00:01:17,570 --> 00:01:23,110 Itinerary means a plan or list of the places you will 23 00:01:23,110 --> 00:01:26,960 visit on a journey.这里是一个行程安排, 24 00:01:27,080 --> 00:01:29,680 如果你查看一下自己的行程安排, 25 00:01:29,820 --> 00:01:34,900 你就会发现我们这一趟旅程是要前往太阳系边缘的。 26 00:01:35,650 --> 00:01:37,790 那我们已经飞越了冥王星, 27 00:01:37,910 --> 00:01:42,190 是不是意味着我们也已经到达了太阳系的边缘呢? 28 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:44,920 And I'm afraid we're not there yet, 29 00:01:45,120 --> 00:01:46,060 恐怕是还没有。 30 00:01:46,360 --> 00:01:50,620 Pluto may be the last object marked on schoolroom 31 00:01:50,620 --> 00:01:53,500 charts.Marked 指的是标记。 32 00:01:54,590 --> 00:02:01,430 虽然在学校的教室里挂的太阳系的挂图上面迷惘星是 33 00:02:01,430 --> 00:02:08,130 画在最外面的是一个地标 But the system doesn't end 34 00:02:08,130 --> 00:02:13,730 there System means the solar system 可是太阳系的终点 35 00:02:13,730 --> 00:02:18,110 并不在那并不意味着太阳系到此为止了 In fact, 36 00:02:18,250 --> 00:02:22,830 it isn't even close to ending there 要 37 00:02:23,630 --> 00:02:29,730 到头还早着呢 close to 表示靠近临近 we 38 00:02:30,460 --> 00:02:33,780 won't get to the solar system's edgeuntil we have 39 00:02:33,780 --> 00:02:38,380 passed through the old cloud a vast celestial realm of 40 00:02:38,380 --> 00:02:41,840 drifting comets and we won't reach the old cloud for 41 00:02:41,840 --> 00:02:45,500 another I'm so sorry about thisten thousand years 42 00:02:46,520 --> 00:02:52,460 这个句子划线的部分 won't until 也就是前面是表示否 43 00:02:52,460 --> 00:02:54,640 定的词后面加上一个 until, 44 00:02:54,680 --> 00:02:59,540 这是一种固定的结构 until 表示在什么什么之前 45 00:03:00,100 --> 00:03:00,940 我们看一下, 46 00:03:01,140 --> 00:03:06,340 we have passed through the old cloud 在我们穿越奥尔特 47 00:03:06,340 --> 00:03:06,960 云之前 48 00:03:07,860 --> 00:03:12,100 we won't get to the solar system's edge 在穿越奥尔特云 49 00:03:12,100 --> 00:03:17,180 之前都不算是到达太阳系的边缘反 50 00:03:18,200 --> 00:03:24,040 过来说也就是我们得先穿过奥尔特云才算是到达了太 51 00:03:24,040 --> 00:03:25,840 阳系的边缘 A 52 00:03:26,220 --> 00:03:31,670 vast celestial realm of drifting comets 这是同位语只 53 00:03:31,670 --> 00:03:32,180 是 54 00:03:32,280 --> 00:03:37,280 这个 Oort cloud 的同位语阿尔特云是什么呢它是一片 55 00:03:37,280 --> 00:03:45,330 广大的天区 R am means area Celestial 前面几课学过 It 56 00:03:45,330 --> 00:03:50,610 means relating to the sky 表示天体的天空的 57 00:03:55,840 --> 00:04:01,360 这是一片广大的天区在那里漂浮着各种各样的彗星 58 00:04:01,360 --> 00:04:04,960 And we won't reach the old cloud for another 10, 59 00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:05,840 000 years 60 00:04:07,100 --> 00:04:12,280 而事实上呢我们还得再花上一万年才能够到达奥尔特 61 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:18,430 云 I'm so sorry about this 这是一个插入语意思是非常 62 00:04:18,430 --> 00:04:23,390 不好意思我打击你了但我不得不这么说因为这是事实 63 00:04:37,100 --> 00:04:40,380 这个句子的主语是 Pluto Pluto, 64 00:04:40,460 --> 00:04:43,880 far from marking the outer edge of the solar system Far 65 00:04:43,880 --> 00:04:48,740 from 表示距离这个目标还远着呢压根就不是 Marking 66 00:04:48,740 --> 00:04:52,420 the outer edge of the solar system 它就不可能它就不是 67 00:04:52,420 --> 00:04:57,780 太阳系的边缘 as those school rule maps so cavalierly 68 00:04:57,780 --> 00:05:02,060 implycavalier means not caring not caring enough 69 00:05:02,060 --> 00:05:05,160 about rules,principles or other people's feelings 70 00:05:05,880 --> 00:05:11,540 侵灭,灭世,灭世规则,灭世其他人的感情 for example, 71 00:05:11,680 --> 00:05:15,820 the club's owner showed a cavalier attitude to the laws 72 00:05:15,820 --> 00:05:18,260 它无视法律那 73 00:05:18,350 --> 00:05:25,210 这里说的教室里的挂图它就那么随随便便的那么轻易 74 00:05:25,210 --> 00:05:25,490 的 75 00:05:25,520 --> 00:05:32,160 暗示大家 imply 表示没有明说但是它暗示 As Pluto is 76 00:05:32,160 --> 00:05:35,380 usually the last object marked on the solar system on 77 00:05:35,380 --> 00:05:39,540 the map of the solar system it makes people feel that it 78 00:05:39,540 --> 00:05:43,120 is the edge of the universe but in fact it is not 79 00:05:50,600 --> 00:05:53,260 几乎就是个否定词了比如说 80 00:05:56,100 --> 00:05:59,260 雾这么大我几乎都看不见路了 81 00:05:59,960 --> 00:06:01,080 所以这里讲的是 82 00:06:01,800 --> 00:06:02,700 冥王星 83 00:06:03,420 --> 00:06:10,080 我们到达冥王星实际上才还没有走了全程的五万分之 84 00:06:10,080 --> 00:06:14,880 一的路程分数的说法这是第二次见到了 of 85 00:06:18,690 --> 00:06:22,830 course we have no prospect of such a journeyprospect 86 00:06:22,830 --> 00:06:27,430 means possibility or hope 当然我们不可能走上这一趟 87 00:06:27,430 --> 00:06:31,030 旅程 a trip of 240, 88 00:06:32,010 --> 00:06:35,950 000 miles to the moonstill represents a very big 89 00:06:35,950 --> 00:06:41,330 undertaking for usundertaking means a great task of 90 00:06:42,930 --> 00:06:46,490 course we have no prospect of such a journey Prospect 91 00:06:46,490 --> 00:06:4 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）