第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第4讲S2

1. 老师，讲稿里说海王星离木星远得‘way beyond’，那个‘way’在这里到底是啥意思呀？是表示‘完全’还是‘非常’？
2. 文中提到海王星到木星的距离是木星到地球距离的‘five times farther’，这个‘five times’具体是怎么算的？是加法还是乘法关系？
3. ‘further’和‘farther’看起来都是far的比较级，讲稿里说further可以指抽象的‘进一步’，那farther是不是只能用来指具体的物理距离？
4. 为什么讲稿里说无论怎么画，太阳系都不可能‘to scale’（按比例）画出来？是因为距离太远了导致纸不够大，还是因为星球大小差异太大？
5. 讲稿最后提到了比邻星（Proxima Centauri）是离太阳最近的恒星，那它和我们要学的‘星座’（constellations）之间有啥区别？星座里的星星是真的连在一起的吗？

1. What does 'way' mean in 'way beyond' here? Does it mean 'completely' or just 'very'?
2. How exactly is 'five times farther' calculated? Is it an addition or multiplication relationship between the distances?
3. 'Further' and 'farther' both look like comparatives of 'far'. The text says 'further' can mean abstractly 'to a greater extent', so is 'farther' only used for physical distance?
4. Why does the text say the solar system can never be drawn 'to scale'? Is it because the distances are too vast for the paper, or because the size differences between planets are too extreme?
5. The text mentions Proxima Centauri is the closest star to the Sun. What's the difference between it and 'constellations'? Are the stars in a constellation actually connected?

1 00:00:06,350 --> 00:00:14,050 这就是所谓的就是 not even remotely drawn to scale 根 2 00:00:14,050 --> 00:00:19,720 本就没有按比例画的这种图无论是大小还是距离都不 3 00:00:19,720 --> 00:00:20,690 是按比例的 4 00:00:21,680 --> 00:00:27,340 Neptune in reality isn't just a little bit beyond 5 00:00:27,340 --> 00:00:33,300 Jupiter It's way beyond Jupiter Neptune 海王星可不是 6 00:00:33,300 --> 00:00:40,120 仅仅离木星远那么一点不是只是在木星外面一点点而 7 00:00:40,120 --> 00:00:45,560 是远得多了我们刚才看到这个图木星在这儿 8 00:00:45,940 --> 00:00:47,380 海王星在这儿 9 00:00:47,800 --> 00:00:49,920 这个距离也就是这样但 10 00:00:50,120 --> 00:00:54,460 实际上这个距离不是真实的要远多了实 11 00:00:56,410 --> 00:01:00,450 际上呢是 it's way beyond Jupiter 这个 way 在第一课里 12 00:01:00,450 --> 00:01:06,870 就见过了就是表示程度的一个副词就是什么什么的多 13 00:01:06,870 --> 00:01:11,210 比如说 You're way taller than me 这是我第一课的时候 14 00:01:11,210 --> 00:01:17,330 举的一个例子你比我高多了那现在就是它是在木星以 15 00:01:17,330 --> 00:01:21,690 外很远的地方 Five times farther from Jupiter 16 00:01:22,430 --> 00:01:25,330 than Jupiter is from us 17 00:01:26,210 --> 00:01:33,530 现在两个距离在进行对比一个是 Neptune from Jupiter 18 00:01:33,530 --> 00:01:39,030 的距离也就是木星跟海王星之间的距离还有一个距离 19 00:01:39,030 --> 00:01:46,150 是 J upiter from us 木星跟我们地球之间的距离两个距 20 00:01:46,150 --> 00:01:51,750 离是怎么说呢是前者是后者的五倍前者是 five times 21 00:01:52,890 --> 00:01:54,030 所以整个是 22 00:01:55,750 --> 00:01:56,530 It's 23 00:01:56,600 --> 00:02:02,460 five times farther from Jupiter than Jupiter is from us 24 00:02:02,460 --> 00:02:04,960 我们再看一下这个图 25 00:02:05,700 --> 00:02:11,940 也就是这一段距离应该是这段距离的五倍但是我们看 26 00:02:11,940 --> 00:02:17,200 这个图好像就只有两倍吧但是如果真的五倍的话那就 27 00:02:17,200 --> 00:02:18,880 划不下了 OK 28 00:02:21,520 --> 00:02:25,580 So far out that it receives only 3 29 00:02:26,100 --> 00:02:28,080 as much sunlight as Jupiter 30 00:02:29,670 --> 00:02:30,990 离得这么远 31 00:02:32,540 --> 00:02:39,840 So that 表示结果这么远它的结果就是 it receives 它得 32 00:02:39,840 --> 00:02:46,500 到的太阳光仅仅只是木星接收到的太阳光的百分之三 33 00:02:46,500 --> 00:02:47,540 好 34 00:02:48,100 --> 00:02:52,540 现在我们再来看一下这个 fatherfather 指的是更远也 35 00:02:52,540 --> 00:02:54,620 就是 far 的比较集 36 00:02:55,180 --> 00:02:59,580 当然大家可能也知道 far 有两个比较集的形式一个是 37 00:02:59,580 --> 00:02:59,940 father 38 00:03:00,620 --> 00:03:06,110 一个就是这个 father 但是两者是有一点不同 Further 39 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:08,270 可以用在这样的句子里 40 00:03:14,750 --> 00:03:15,270 葡 41 00:03:15,590 --> 00:03:23,690 萄酒葡萄酒如果把它叫藏的话这个 age 如果指人就是 42 00:03:23,690 --> 00:03:28,770 指人的年龄增长如果是指酒的话就是把它放在酒窖里 43 00:03:28,770 --> 00:03:32,890 面藏上几年这种酒龄的增长那 44 00:03:32,980 --> 00:03:40,180 在这个过程中葡萄酒的滋味它的风味就会进一步的变 45 00:03:40,500 --> 00:03:44,200 好 Further improved 所以大家可以体会到了吗这个 46 00:03:44,200 --> 00:03:49,790 further 跟 father 有什么区别呢 further 可以指更抽象 47 00:03:49,790 --> 00:03:54,290 的表示进一步的比如说 You need to investigate this 48 00:03:54,290 --> 00:03:55,010 case further 49 00:03:55,960 --> 00:03:59,640 你要进一步调查这个案件但这个 father 50 00:04:00,410 --> 00:04:05,890 可以是一般是指具体的距离上更远好, 51 00:04:06,060 --> 00:04:08,860 现在大家可以考虑一下这个脑筋急转吧。 52 00:04:10,070 --> 00:04:14,070 Who is closer to you,your mom or your dad? 53 00:04:14,390 --> 00:04:14,690 Which 54 00:04:18,020 --> 00:04:23,860 are the distances in fact that it isn't possible in any 55 00:04:23,860 --> 00:04:27,840 practical terms to draw the solar system to scale? 56 00:04:28,720 --> 00:04:32,680 In practical terms means in fact, 57 00:04:32,880 --> 00:04:34,020 实际上。 58 00:04:34,020 --> 00:04:34,960 无 59 00:04:35,440 --> 00:04:40,120 论怎么样也不可能真的按比例去画这个 solar system 60 00:04:41,640 --> 00:04:47,960 那这个句子的结构是 such thatsuch 后面跟的这一个部 61 00:04:47,960 --> 00:04:49,180 分是 62 00:04:49,280 --> 00:04:55,020 原因而 that 后面是结果跟我们前面的 so that 意思是有 63 00:04:55,020 --> 00:04:55,880 点相近的 64 00:04:56,500 --> 00:04:58,540 也就是距 65 00:04:58,610 --> 00:05:04,750 离是如此之远因为距离实在太远了所以也不可能真的 66 00:05:04,750 --> 00:05:07,670 按比例来画太阳系的图 67 00:05:19,530 --> 00:05:20,170 就 68 00:05:20,230 --> 00:05:26,830 算是你用了很多很多的折页 fold 是折叠 fold out pages 69 00:05:26,830 --> 00:05:32,770 指的就是这样的折页这本书本来只有这么点大但是为 70 00:05:32,770 --> 00:05:36,610 了表达更多的内容它可以用折页的方式来扩大 71 00:05:38,650 --> 00:05:44,130 就算你加了许多许多的折页或者用很长很长的海报纸 72 00:05:44,130 --> 00:05:47,190 Poster 就是海报 You wouldn't come close 73 00:05:47,790 --> 00:05:53,250 你也根本就画不了 Come close 就是接近你企图接近它 74 00:05:53,250 --> 00:05:56,530 真实的比例但是不可能 On 75 00:06:00,720 --> 00:06:04,820 a diagram of the solar system to scalewith earth 76 00:06:04,820 --> 00:06:09,420 reduced to about the diameter of a pea J upiter would be 77 00:06:09,420 --> 00:06:14,160 over a thousand feet away and Pluto would be a mile and a 78 00:06:14,160 --> 00:06:18,240 half distant and about the size of a bacterium so you 79 00:06:18,240 --> 00:06:23,070 wouldn't be able to see it anywaydiagram 我们前面有说 80 00:06:23,070 --> 00:06:30,850 到三个词表示图式是一图有 maps 还有 charts 还有 81 00:06:30,850 --> 00:06:33,070 illustration 82 00:06:34,070 --> 00:06:37,990 那现在这个 diagram 也是一样比如说这就是一个 83 00:06:37,990 --> 00:06:40,530 diagram 它不是那种很真实的图片 84 00:06:41,330 --> 00:06:41,770 OK, 85 00:06:41,870 --> 00:06:45,010 on a diagram of the solar system 所以你这里可以把它换 86 00:06:45,010 --> 00:06:47,290 成 on a map of the solar system 87 00:06:47,750 --> 00:06:51,790 on an illustration of the solar system or on a chart of 88 00:06:51,790 --> 00:06:53,770 the solar system to scale 89 00:06:55,560 --> 00:07:01,490 如果要按比例去画的话在这样的一张太阳系的图上 90 00:07:05,810 --> 00:07:08,650 如果把地球缩小到 91 00:07:09,320 --> 00:07:12,380 只有一颗豌豆那么大 Diameter 92 00:07:13,150 --> 00:07:16,370 小学高年级以上的同学肯定知道 93 00:07:16,990 --> 00:07:17,850 直径 94 00:07:18,780 --> 00:07:25,260 简称是不是 D R 就是 Diameter 前后两个字母半径呢就是 95 00:07:25,260 --> 00:07:27,820 R Radius 第一个字母 96 00:07:29,270 --> 00:07:33,250 也就是把地球的直径缩小到只有一个豌豆的直径那么 97 00:07:33,250 --> 00:07:33,530 大 98 00:07:33,560 --> 00:07:38,540 那么 J upiter would be over a thousand feet away 按这样 99 00:07:38,540 --> 00:07:44,290 的比例的话木星要画到多远呢画到一千英尺以外的地 100 00:07:44,290 --> 00:07:50,660 方一千英尺是多少一个 feet 这个是负数单数就是 foot 101 00:07:50,660 --> 00:07:56,580 一英尺大概是三十厘米所以这一千英尺以外的地方就 102 00:07:56,580 - ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）