第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第3讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Voyager 的 oy 读作 /ɔɪ/，a 读作 /eɪ/，那这两个元音连在一起时，发音到底是像 'voy-uh-jer' 还是 'voy-aj' 呀？有没有慢速示范？
2. 文中提到 aligned 是 arranged（排列）的意思，那它的名词形式 misalignment 和 out of alignment 在描述行星轨道时，具体是指角度偏了还是位置错开了？
3. 旅行者1号和2号都利用了 gravity assist（引力助推），但1号没去天王星和海王星，2号都去了。既然1号轨迹不同，它是怎么利用这些气态巨行星的引力来加速的？
4. 为什么这种特殊的行星排列每175年才出现一次？是因为这四颗行星的公转周期有什么特定的数学倍数关系，导致它们才会在那一刻刚好排成一条线？
5. 讲稿里用 'crack the whip'（甩鞭子）来比喻引力助推，这个比喻真的很形象。除了甩鞭子，还有没有其他更贴近我们日常生活的例子，能帮学生更好理解这种‘借力’的原理？

1. Teacher, the script says 'oy' in Voyager is pronounced /ɔɪ/ and 'a' is /eɪ/. When these vowels connect, is it pronounced like 'voy-uh-jer' or 'voy-aj'? Could you give a slow-motion demo?
2. The text mentions that 'aligned' means arranged. When describing planetary orbits, does the noun form 'misalignment' or the phrase 'out of alignment' refer to an angular deviation or a positional shift?
3. Both Voyager 1 and 2 used gravity assist, but V1 skipped Uranus and Neptune while V2 visited all four. Since their trajectories differed, how did V1 still utilize the gas giants' gravity to accelerate?
4. Why does this specific planetary alignment happen only once every 175 years? Is it because the orbital periods of these four planets have a specific mathematical ratio that causes them to line up at that moment?
5. The script uses 'crack the whip' to metaphorize gravity assist, which is very vivid. Besides whipping, are there other everyday life examples that can help students better understand this 'borrowing momentum' principle?

1 00:00:05,070 --> 00:00:08,210 The reason the Voyager craft were launched when they 2 00:00:08,210 --> 00:00:12,830 were in August and September 1977 was that Jupiter, 3 00:00:13,150 --> 00:00:13,610 Saturn, 4 00:00:13,870 --> 00:00:17,830 Uran us,and Neptune were aligned in a way that happens 5 00:00:17,830 --> 00:00:21,230 only once every 175 years. 6 00:00:21,690 --> 00:00:24,890 刚才对 Voyager 这个词没有多加介绍, 7 00:00:24,970 --> 00:00:29,310 只说是旅行者的意思,现在我们来看一下 Voyage, 8 00:00:29,510 --> 00:00:32,970 这个词发音有点特殊,就是 oy, 9 00:00:33,190 --> 00:00:35,070 oy 读作 oy 的意思。 10 00:00:35,590 --> 00:00:41,510 后面的 a 读作 a 的音所以整个单词里边就有两个 a 是连 11 00:00:41,510 --> 00:00:42,270 在一起的 12 00:00:43,710 --> 00:00:47,450 不能够一下子就读成而是 13 00:00:59,920 --> 00:01:04,770 从英国到印度的航程曾经要六个月之久 14 00:01:12,890 --> 00:01:17,250 所以就翻译成旅行者台湾那边呢翻译成 15 00:01:20,570 --> 00:01:22,760 有的地方我看到翻译成 16 00:01:24,480 --> 00:01:27,880 但是还是旅行者最常见 The 17 00:01:29,190 --> 00:01:35,110 reason was that 这是整个句子的主干部分原因是什么 18 00:01:35,110 --> 00:01:40,610 什么但这个原因讲的是什么的原因呢我们看一下细节 19 00:01:40,610 --> 00:01:45,870 就是 The Voyager craft were launched when they were 20 00:01:45,870 --> 00:01:47,170 When 21 00:01:47,300 --> 00:01:54,100 they were 这个 were 后面实际上省略了 launched 也就是 22 00:01:54,100 --> 00:01:57,720 the Voyager craft were launched when they were 23 00:01:57,720 --> 00:01:58,340 launched 24 00:01:59,620 --> 00:02:06,120 字面意思就是旅行者一号二号之所以在他们被发射的 25 00:02:06,120 --> 00:02:11,000 那个时间 when they were 就是他们被发射的那个时间被 26 00:02:11,000 --> 00:02:16,820 发射听过去好像有点别扭再讲一遍就是旅行者一号二 27 00:02:16,820 --> 00:02:23,180 号航天器之所以在他们被发射的那个时间被发射字面 28 00:02:23,180 --> 00:02:27,480 是这样的但是真正我们要翻译这个句子就不会这么别 29 00:02:27,480 --> 00:02:34,920 扭应该说旅行者一号二号之所以选在 1977 年的八月和 30 00:02:34,920 --> 00:02:41,160 九月来发射它的原因是 J upiter, 31 00:02:41,240 --> 00:02:41,780 Saturn, 32 00:02:41,920 --> 00:02:46,060 Uran us and Neptune were aligned in a way that happens 33 00:02:46,060 --> 00:02:52,660 only once every 175 yearsaligned 我们在上一课见过了 34 00:02:52,660 --> 00:02:55,240 我们见到的是它的名 35 00:02:55,300 --> 00:03:00,440 词形式当时我们课本中的句子是 Pluto's orbital path 36 00:03:00,440 --> 00:03:05,980 is tipped out of alignment at an angle of 17 degrees out 37 00:03:05,980 --> 00:03:11,680 of alignment 意思就是别人都好好的排列就它呢 out of 38 00:03:11,680 --> 00:03:16,220 alignment 跟别人格格不入它没排好队所以 39 00:03:16,480 --> 00:03:19,140 这里的 aligned 也就是 arranged 40 00:03:19,760 --> 00:03:24,550 排列那也就是木星、土星、 41 00:03:24,770 --> 00:03:28,190 天王星、海王星它们排列的方式 42 00:03:28,690 --> 00:03:35,110 那个时候是有点特殊的这种特殊的排列方式每 175 年 43 00:03:35,110 --> 00:03:37,410 才会有一次太 44 00:03:39,970 --> 00:03:46,010 阳系的行星虽然都在同一个平面也就是在黄道面上绕 45 00:03:46,010 --> 00:03:51,790 着太阳公转但是每一颗行星公转的速度是不一样的有 46 00:03:51,790 --> 00:03:56,170 的走得快,有的走得慢所以大部分情况下看 47 00:03:56,300 --> 00:04:03,220 过去并不是很有规律但是每隔 175 年就会出现这样的 48 00:04:03,220 --> 00:04:08,860 情况但是每隔 175 年木星、 49 00:04:09,080 --> 00:04:10,840 土星、天 50 00:04:11,160 --> 00:04:11,660 王星、 51 00:04:11,780 --> 00:04:16,660 海王星它们的排列方式就会形成一种规律这个时候如 52 00:04:16,660 --> 00:04:23,540 果发射一个太空探测器行星探测器就可以逐一拜访这 53 00:04:23,540 --> 00:04:28,240 四颗行星那这样的话不就很有效率了吗我们看一下 54 00:04:28,240 --> 00:04:35,800 1977 年 8 月 20 日旅行者 2 号是比旅行者 1 号是更早一点 55 00:04:35,800 --> 00:04:39,000 发射出去的这里是地球从 56 00:04:39,290 --> 00:04:43,250 这发射出去依次拜访了 J upiter 57 00:04:43,370 --> 00:04:50,170 木星然后是 S aturn 土星 Uran us 天王星海王星过 58 00:04:51,230 --> 00:04:58,530 了两周发射了旅行者 1 号它的轨迹稍有不同它是经过 59 00:04:58,530 --> 00:05:05,440 棱木星然后是土星不再拜访 Uran us 就是天王海王它直 60 00:05:05,440 --> 00:05:09,030 接朝着太阳系外面飞去了 61 00:05:10,190 --> 00:05:15,230 其实之所以两个航天器在这个时机发射还有其他的考 62 00:05:15,230 --> 00:05:16,490 虑我们看后面 63 00:05:25,910 --> 00:05:29,570 Bloom from one gassy giant to the next In a kind of cosmic 64 00:05:29,570 --> 00:05:30,910 version of crack the whip 65 00:05:32,050 --> 00:05:35,510 This enabled the two voyagers to use a gravity assist 66 00:05:35,510 --> 00:05:38,010 technique 这个是主干的部分 67 00:05:38,530 --> 00:05:44,770 因为选在这个时机发射使得这两个旅行者号航天器可 68 00:05:44,770 --> 00:05:50,630 以使用一种 gravity assist Assist 是帮助协助的意思 69 00:05:50,630 --> 00:05:55,950 大家可能也知道 assistant 就是助理 Assist 是帮助协 70 00:05:55,950 --> 00:06:01,790 助我们把它这里翻译成引力助推 gravity 是引力或重 71 00:06:01,790 --> 00:06:04,930 力引力助推或叫重力助推的技术 72 00:06:06,040 --> 00:06:09,740 那这是主干的部分后面带着一大堆是什么呢 73 00:06:10,430 --> 00:06:15,920 全部都是 technique 的定语从句也就是这么一整句都 74 00:06:15,920 --> 00:06:22,310 是修饰这个词具体的来介绍这是什么样的一种技术 in 75 00:06:22,310 --> 00:06:22,530 which 76 00:06:23,500 --> 00:06:27,840 在这个技术里面呢 The craft was successively flown 77 00:06:27,840 --> 00:06:33,000 from one gassy giant to the nextsuccessively 听过去很 78 00:06:33,000 --> 00:06:37,280 像是成功的意思其实这里不是完全另外一个意思 79 00:06:37,280 --> 00:06:41,480 succeed 虽然有成功的意思但是在我们这边这个 80 00:06:41,480 --> 00:06:48,500 succeed 是指 to come next in order 也就是尾随其后的紧 81 00:06:48,500 --> 00:06:54,320 接着的按顺序来就是排在后面的叫 succeed 那它的名 82 00:06:54,320 --> 00:07:00,640 词 success or 就是继任者接班人形容词 successive 83 00:07:00,640 --> 00:07:04,380 means following one after the other for example the 84 00:07:04,380 --> 00:07:07,240 team has had five successive victories 85 00:07:08,420 --> 00:07:14,760 我们这个球队已经是五连胜了连续五场胜利那么 86 00:07:15,630 --> 00:07:19,610 successively 指的是一个接一个的 flung from one 87 00:07:19,610 --> 00:07:24,230 gaseous giant to the nextflung 原型是 fling means to 88 00:07:24,230 --> 00:07:27,510 throw with great force 使劲地扔 89 00:07:28,340 --> 00:07:34,680 使劲地从一个巨大的气体星球 giant 是巨大的东西盘 90 00:07:34,680 --> 00:07:39,080 燃大物巨人一样的 gassy giant one gassy giant to the 91 00:07:39,080 --> 00:07:45,210 next 因为后面的木土天海这四颗行星都是气体行星而 92 00:07:45,210 --> 00:07:48,200 且块头都特别大所以叫 gassy giant 93 00:07:49,060 --> 00:07:54,890 那现在这里说的利用这种技术航天器就可以一个接一 94 00:07:54,890 --> 00:07:58,400 个的从一个气体星球扔 95 00:07:58,590 --> 00:08:04,610 到下一个气体星球那这种方式就很像是快马加鞭一样 96 00:08:04,610 --> 00:08:10,710 每经过一颗行星就给它加一鞭 crack the whipwhip 是鞭 97 00:08:10,710 --> 00:08:16,510 子而 crack 是一个象声词就是鞭子抽下去的时候啪那 98 00:08:16,510 --> 00:08:21,820 样一声一个象声词这个象声词已经变成动词了 cosmic 99 00:08:21,820 --> 00:08 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）