第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第3讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说冥王星很“anomalous”（反常），具体是哪里反常？它跟其他八大行星到底有啥不一样？
2. 文中提到如果把冥王星放在美国地图上，只能盖住“lower 48 states”的一半。这个“lower 48”到底指哪部分？为啥不直接说美国有50个州？
3. 讲稿里说冥王星是“tiny solitary ice ball”（孤独的小冰球），而外行星是“gassy outer giants”（气态巨行星）。这两类行星在成分和位置上具体区别是啥？
4. 为什么天文学家在冥王星旁边发现了600多个“trans Neptunian objects”（海王星外天体）后，就觉得冥王星可能不算行星了？这跟它的地位有啥关系？
5. 讲稿里反复解释“trans”这个词（比如transatlantic），那“trans Neptunian”里的trans具体是什么意思？这个词根在其他天文或地理词汇里常见吗？

1. Teacher, the script says Pluto is 'anomalous' (unusual). What exactly makes it so? How is it different from the other eight planets?
2. The text mentions that if you put Pluto on the US map, it covers only half of the 'lower 48 states'. What exactly does 'lower 48' refer to? Why not just say the US has 50 states?
3. The script describes Pluto as a 'tiny solitary ice ball', while the outer planets are 'gassy outer giants'. What are the specific differences in composition and location between these two types of planets?
4. Why did astronomers start doubting Pluto's status as a planet after discovering over 600 'trans Neptunian objects' nearby? How does this relate to its planetary status?
5. The script repeatedly explains the prefix 'trans' (e.g., transatlantic). What exactly does 'trans' mean in 'trans Neptunian'? Is this root common in other astronomical or geographical terms?

1 00:00:13,080 --> 00:00:16,720 你回来,再一次,最后一个课程的简介。 2 00:00:17,910 --> 00:00:21,830 罗欧认为那是一个超过纳普天的星球。 3 00:00:21,970 --> 00:00:25,050 然而,罗欧自己并没有找到这个星球, 4 00:00:25,910 --> 00:00:28,970 因为他死去后,经历了多年的疲惫的寻找。 5 00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:31,530 托姆瓦尔继续了他的工作, 6 00:00:31,690 --> 00:00:34,050 成功发现了这个新的星球。 7 00:00:34,430 --> 00:00:39,690 但他看到了,这并不是罗欧所批评的巨大的氛围, 8 00:00:39,670 --> 00:00:42,690 而是一个远远的冰冰点。 9 00:00:42,690 --> 00:00:45,150 但没有任何人与此发生任何关注, 10 00:00:45,910 --> 00:00:49,990 因为公众非常兴奋于此新发现。 11 00:00:50,530 --> 00:00:54,630 然而,很多宇宙人现在认为它并不是一个星球, 12 00:00:55,270 --> 00:00:56,690 因为它在动作中是滑稽、 13 00:00:56,910 --> 00:01:00,070 漆黑的,并且有不同的动作。 14 00:01:02,680 --> 00:01:04,500 现在,我提到的问题是, 15 00:01:04,600 --> 00:01:05,900 在最后一个课程的结尾时, 16 00:01:05,880 --> 00:01:08,660 是否能够旅行到博多? 17 00:01:09,280 --> 00:01:12,000 如果您继续读了几篇文章, 18 00:01:12,240 --> 00:01:13,600 您已经有答案了。 19 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:17,400 Now let's get down to the text So 20 00:01:18,940 --> 00:01:24,220 if Pluto really is a planet It is certainly an odd one It 21 00:01:24,220 --> 00:01:28,380 is very tiny Just one quarter of one percent as massive 22 00:01:28,380 --> 00:01:31,180 as Earth Massive means big, 23 00:01:31,420 --> 00:01:34,790 large One quarter of one percent 24 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:42,280 百分之一的四分之一也就是万分之二十五它只是地球 25 00:01:42,280 --> 00:01:45,220 的万分之二十五那么大 If 26 00:01:45,380 --> 00:01:48,640 you set it down on top of the United States it would cover 27 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:51,260 not quite half the lower 48 states 28 00:01:53,170 --> 00:01:57,810 Americ a or the US has 58 states in total including 29 00:01:57,810 --> 00:02:02,670 Alaska here and Hawaii around here in the middle of the 30 00:02:02,670 --> 00:02:08,590 Pacific Ocean So the lower 48 states are here 如果 31 00:02:09,100 --> 00:02:15,200 把冥王星放在美国的版图上它只能盖住一半只能盖在 32 00:02:15,200 --> 00:02:20,680 这底下的这 48 个州的一半我们用中国的版图来做一个 33 00:02:20,680 --> 00:02:26,080 类比也是一样也就只能盖住中国版图的一半 This 34 00:02:26,850 --> 00:02:31,870 alone makes it extremely anomalous It means that our 35 00:02:31,870 --> 00:02:35,230 planetary system consists of four rocky inner 36 00:02:35,230 --> 00:02:40,770 planetsfour gassy outer giants and a tiny solitary ice 37 00:02:40,770 --> 00:02:42,980 ball Anomalous 38 00:02:43,900 --> 00:02:46,840 Anomalous means irregular or unusual 39 00:02:47,610 --> 00:02:51,390 有点反常不同寻常的 This 40 00:02:51,490 --> 00:02:55,950 alone 光这一点也就是说它这么小光这一点 41 00:02:56,570 --> 00:03:01,750 就足以让它成为一颗格格不入的行星了 It means that 42 00:03:01,750 --> 00:03:05,140 它意味着 Our planetary system 43 00:03:05,700 --> 00:03:12,780 我们的整个行星体系包括四个岩石星球 Inner planet 44 00:03:12,780 --> 00:03:19,540 指的是内星球 F our gassy outer giants 还有四个比较外 45 00:03:19,540 --> 00:03:23,640 层的外行星都是气态的 And 46 00:03:23,960 --> 00:03:28,460 a tiny solitary ice ball 然后在很远的地方还有一个很 47 00:03:28,460 --> 00:03:32,000 小的孤独的冰球 Now 48 00:03:33,760 --> 00:03:37,260 have a look at this illustration The solar system had 49 00:03:37,260 --> 00:03:38,840 been quite a regular system 50 00:03:39,640 --> 00:03:42,460 These four planets,Mercury, 51 00:03:43,100 --> 00:03:46,460 水星,Venus,金星,Earth, 52 00:03:46,820 --> 00:03:50,560 地球,Mars,火星,they are all made of rock, 53 00:03:50,760 --> 00:03:53,320 these are inner planets, 54 00:03:53,740 --> 00:03:56,720 这些就是内行星,全部是岩石星球。 55 00:03:58,110 --> 00:03:58,990 Then Jupiter, 56 00:03:59,670 --> 00:04:03,850 木星,Saturn,土星,Uran us, 57 00:04:04,070 --> 00:04:06,130 天王星,Neptune,海王星, 58 00:04:06,130 --> 00:04:07,690 These are outer planets, 59 00:04:08,050 --> 00:04:12,290 这些叫外行星 They are all made of gas, 60 00:04:12,490 --> 00:04:14,690 都是气态星球这 61 00:04:14,720 --> 00:04:20,480 张图并不是按比例画的这四颗行星是比较靠里边而另 62 00:04:20,480 --> 00:04:23,240 外这四颗距离要很远这里, 63 00:04:23,360 --> 00:04:25,620 这个并不是靠得这么近的 64 00:04:26,560 --> 00:04:29,980 这样看的话,它是非常规则的这外面都是, 65 00:04:30,260 --> 00:04:35,120 块头比较大,然后又都是气态这里边的块头小一点, 66 00:04:35,280 --> 00:04:37,060 都是岩石的。 67 00:04:37,820 --> 00:04:41,840 然后非常不同寻常的,那就是最外边, 68 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:44,380 far far away from these planets, 69 00:04:45,090 --> 00:04:47,960 还远得多,刚才说过了不是按比例的。 70 00:04:48,260 --> 00:04:51,560 Far away from these planets is a tiny ice ball. 71 00:04:52,210 --> 00:04:55,370 So this is what the author meant by anomalous. 72 00:04:58,340 --> 00:04:59,180 More over, 73 00:04:59,380 --> 00:05:02,900 there is every reason to suppose that we may soon begin 74 00:05:02,900 --> 00:05:06,560 to find other even larger ice spheres in the same 75 00:05:06,560 --> 00:05:10,560 portion of space the same portion means the same part of 76 00:05:10,560 --> 00:05:10,920 space 77 00:05:11,950 --> 00:05:17,480 而且我们完全有理由可以假设在冥王星的附近随时都 78 00:05:17,480 --> 00:05:22,870 有可能发现一个比冥王星更大的冰球如果这项假设成 79 00:05:22,870 --> 00:05:28,650 立的话 then we will have problems 那么问题就来了冥王 80 00:05:28,650 --> 00:05:30,270 星的地位就很成问题了 81 00:05:30,400 --> 00:05:35,080 After Christie spotted Pluto's moonastronomers 82 00:05:35,080 --> 00:05:38,640 began to regard that section of the cosmos more 83 00:05:38,640 --> 00:05:44,980 attentively and as of early December 2002 had found 84 00:05:44,980 --> 00:05:49,960 over 600 additional trans Neptunian objects or 85 00:05:49,960 --> 00:05:52,420 Plutinos as they are alternatively 86 00:05:52,420 --> 00:06:01,080 calledastronomers began to regard and had found 划线 87 00:06:01,080 --> 00:06:07,120 的部分是主干结构就是天文学家开始观察然后又发现 88 00:06:07,120 --> 00:06:11,820 了什么我们先看一下他们观察什么 that section of the 89 00:06:11,820 --> 00:06:16,120 cosmossection 跟前面的 portion 意思是相近的就是 90 00:06:16,120 --> 00:06:17,700 that part of the cosmos 91 00:06:18,400 --> 00:06:22,780 more attentively 大家知道 attention 注意那么 92 00:06:22,780 --> 00:06:28,180 attentively 就是很密切关注的注意力很集中的就是 93 00:06:28,180 --> 00:06:32,480 他们更认真地去观察宇宙的那个地方那一块地区 94 00:06:33,450 --> 00:06:40,890 and as of as of means fromsince 从什么时候开始这是比 95 00:06:40,890 --> 00:06:45,550 较正式的说法相当于就是 since early December 2002 96 00:06:47,190 --> 00:06:53,630 从 2002 年 December1 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）