第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第2讲S1

1. 讲稿里提到 convincing 和 convinced 都是形容词，但意思不同，我到底该怎么区分它们，才能用对呢？
2. Lowell 为什么坚信海王星外面还有颗行星？他具体是基于天王星和海王星轨道上的什么现象得出的结论？
3. Lowell 以为火星上有运河，后来成了尴尬的笑话，这跟后来天文台董事们决定重新寻找 X 行星有什么联系？
4. 为什么 Lowell 的搜寻工作一开始会 "fell into abeyance"（被搁置）？除了他去世，他的继承人之间发生了什么？
5. 既然 Pluto 最后被证明太小而不算行星，那 Lowell 当年那种 "abiding conviction"（坚定的信念）在科学探索中到底是好事还是坏事？

1. The script mentions that both 'convincing' and 'convinced' are adjectives but mean different things; how can I tell them apart to use them correctly?
2. Why was Lowell so convinced that there was another planet beyond Neptune? What specific irregularities in the orbits of Uranus and Neptune led him to that conclusion?
3. Lowell's belief in Mars canals became an embarrassing joke; how does that relate to the observatory directors deciding to resume the search for Planet X?
4. Why did the search for Planet X 'fall into abeyance' initially? Besides Lowell's death, what happened among his heirs?
5. Since Pluto was eventually deemed too small to be a planet, was Lowell's 'abiding conviction' more of a help or a hindrance to scientific exploration?

1 00:00:11,250 --> 00:00:14,170 Hello,everybody.It's a pleasure to see you again. 2 00:00:15,140 --> 00:00:17,940 We'll continue to explore the mystery of the solar 3 00:00:17,940 --> 00:00:18,300 system. 4 00:00:18,820 --> 00:00:20,150 Previously, 5 00:00:20,270 --> 00:00:23,070 we read about Christie's discovery of Pluto's moon. 6 00:00:23,410 --> 00:00:27,430 Astronomers for the first time realized that Pluto was 7 00:00:27,430 --> 00:00:28,310 so small. 8 00:00:28,830 --> 00:00:30,190 It was a bit embarrassing. 9 00:00:30,570 --> 00:00:33,930 Could something so small be counted as a planet? 10 00:00:35,280 --> 00:00:40,340 一个很好的触碰是在同一个城市里, 11 00:00:40,340 --> 00:00:42,840 Pluto 的月光被发现的地方。 12 00:00:43,790 --> 00:00:49,150 而 Pluto 的发现大致来自 Percival Lowell 的证据。 13 00:00:49,330 --> 00:00:52,310 但 Lowell 真的发现了 Pluto 的证据吗? 14 00:00:53,540 --> 00:00:57,380 实际上,Lowell 认为他认为, 15 00:00:57,380 --> 00:01:02,620 他认为宇宙被建成工业国家的坑洞但 16 00:01:02,840 --> 00:01:07,240 他的其他信仰不如再说一遍 17 00:01:08,980 --> 00:01:14,480 罗尔的其他遵守信仰是那里存在的在约翰 18 00:01:14,600 --> 00:01:19,760 纳普顿的未发现的第九个宇宙叫做 X 宇宙 19 00:01:20,300 --> 00:01:25,960 遵守信仰意味着长期的永恒的信仰意味着强烈的信仰 20 00:01:25,960 --> 00:01:29,860 动词是 convince it means to make someone agree 21 00:01:29,860 --> 00:01:33,780 understand or to persuade someone the 22 00:01:34,100 --> 00:01:37,800 officials were eager to convince us of the safety of the 23 00:01:37,800 --> 00:01:40,100 nuclear reactors 这 24 00:01:40,220 --> 00:01:45,640 些官员急于让我们相信核反应堆是安全的 convincing 25 00:01:45,640 --> 00:01:50,600 和 convinced 都是形容词但是意思不同我们可以从刚 26 00:01:50,600 --> 00:01:56,620 才的这句接下去说 their argument was not very 27 00:01:56,620 --> 00:01:57,120 convincing 28 00:01:57,720 --> 00:02:02,980 但是他们的说法并不很有说服力并不是很让人信服 29 00:02:04,180 --> 00:02:12,180 所以我们就不太相信 convincing 指的是让人信服的有 30 00:02:12,180 --> 00:02:14,820 说服力的而 convinced 就是 31 00:02:15,020 --> 00:02:21,080 相信的这形容词 conviction 就是刚才说的名词了 a 32 00:02:21,080 --> 00:02:25,800 strong belief 坚定的信念无变的信念 abiding 33 00:02:25,800 --> 00:02:26,380 conviction 34 00:02:29,830 --> 00:02:35,750 所以罗欧的另外一个不变的信念就是他坚持认为海王 35 00:02:35,750 --> 00:02:41,960 星轨道的外围 somewhere out beyond Neptune Neptune is 36 00:02:41,960 --> 00:02:45,980 the Roman god of the sea 海洋之神 Planets in the solar 37 00:02:45,980 --> 00:02:51,460 system are named after gods Neptune 就是海王星他认为 38 00:02:51,460 --> 00:02:55,140 海王星的外围还有一颗 undiscovered ninth 39 00:02:55,140 --> 00:03:00,860 planetdubbed planet X Dubbed means named 他就把这颗 40 00:03:00,860 --> 00:03:06,670 没有被发现的第九颗行星命名为 X 行星 Lowell based 41 00:03:06,670 --> 00:03:10,630 his belief on irregularities he detected in the orbits 42 00:03:10,630 --> 00:03:15,310 of the Uran us and Neptune and devoted the last years of 43 00:03:15,310 --> 00:03:19,270 his life to trying to find the gassy giant he was certain 44 00:03:19,270 --> 00:03:27,890 was out there Based his belief on 他的信念是基于建立 45 00:03:27,890 --> 00:03:33,470 在什么基础上呢 based on 建立在 irregularities he 46 00:03:33,470 --> 00:03:37,670 detected in the orbits of Uran us and Neptune 是 47 00:03:37,800 --> 00:03:44,460 他在天王星和海王星的轨道上发现了一些不正常的现 48 00:03:44,460 --> 00:03:49,900 象 irregularitiesirregularity 我们要看到 regular 49 00:03:49,900 --> 00:03:51,140 这个部分 50 00:03:52,120 --> 00:03:57,960 Regular 是正常的合理的符合规律的 Irregular 就是它 51 00:03:57,960 --> 00:04:02,360 的反义词异常的这个句子翻译的时候可以把 52 00:04:02,360 --> 00:04:08,250 Irregularities 这个名词翻译成形容词那就是 Lo 它这 53 00:04:08,250 --> 00:04:11,640 个信念的基础就是它发现 54 00:04:12,520 --> 00:04:18,020 天王星和海王星的运行轨道有些异常可以把它处理成 55 00:04:18,020 --> 00:04:26,410 形容词这个 Uran us 就是天王星天空之神他 56 00:04:26,760 --> 00:04:35,780 生命的最后几年 57 00:04:36,400 --> 00:04:39,580 全部都是奉献给了这 58 00:04:39,840 --> 00:04:45,960 项事业那就是企图要找到他相信一定存在的那个气态 59 00:04:45,960 --> 00:04:51,700 的巨星 G as 是气体 G as 是形容词 Have 60 00:04:53,650 --> 00:04:57,050 a look at the planets in the solar system This is the sun 61 00:04:57,050 --> 00:05:05,410 This is Mercury 水星 Ven us 金星 Earth 地球 Mars 火星 J 62 00:05:05,410 --> 00:05:12,590 upiter 木星 S aturn 土星 Uran us 天王星 Neptune 海王星 63 00:05:13,580 --> 00:05:19,720 This is Pluto 这就是他认为一定存在但当时还没有被 64 00:05:19,720 --> 00:05:21,520 发现的海王星 65 00:05:43,440 --> 00:05:52,280 也就是他搜索 X 行星的工作可能是太累太辛苦了耗费 66 00:05:52,280 --> 00:05:53,480 了他大量的精力 67 00:05:54,380 --> 00:05:59,240 一部分他突然死亡一部分原因可能就是这个 and 68 00:05:59,330 --> 00:06:02,530 the search fell into abeyanceabeyance is the 69 00:06:02,530 --> 00:06:07,240 condition of being set aside or suspended 就是一个事 70 00:06:07,240 --> 00:06:08,670 情一个工作 71 00:06:09,170 --> 00:06:14,910 暂停暂时搁置起来了 fell into abeyance 为什么暂时搁 72 00:06:14,910 --> 00:06:20,310 置了呢一个是他去世了还有他的 heirs 继承人继承他 73 00:06:20,310 --> 00:06:24,510 遗产的这些继承人可能是他的子女也有可能是其他的 74 00:06:24,510 --> 00:06:29,630 亲属有继承权的人注意他的发音 H 是不发音的 75 00:06:29,630 --> 00:06:33,650 Squabbled over his estate Squabbled means quarreled 76 00:06:33,650 --> 00:06:40,060 争吵不休 Estate 可以指房地产 A housing development 77 00:06:40,780 --> 00:06:45,740 也可以是遗产在这个句子里边应该就是遗产的意思 78 00:06:45,740 --> 00:06:48,220 However, 79 00:06:48,280 --> 00:06:52,900 in 1929 Partly as a way of deflecting attention 80 00:07:09,740 --> 00:07:17,070 为了转移公众的注意力 81 00:07:18,090 --> 00:07:23,690 因为之前我们说过 Lowell 算是闹了一个笑话他以为火 82 00:07:23,690 --> 00:07:29,510 星上有运河而且这件事情他一做他观测了 15 年这个事 83 00:07:29,510 --> 00:07:34,390 情持续的时间很长他还出版了很多书所以这个就算是 84 00:07:34,390 --> 00:07:40,700 一个 Saga Saga 本来是古代冰岛的一种叙事散文主要就 85 00:07:40,700 --> 00:07:44,330 是描述首先在冰岛拓 86 00:07:44,490 --> 00:07:50,970 荒定居的这些家族故事还有早期日耳曼神英雄的传说 87 00:07:50,970 --> 00:07:55,770 后来这个 Saga 的意思就有所拓展他指的是 a long story 88 00:07:55,770 --> 00:07:59,430 about events that happened over many years 就 89 00:07:59,850 --> 00:08:04,650 描述一个长期的一个故事就一个长篇的故事 90 00:08:06,350 --> 00:08:08,370 好了为了转移公众的注意力 91 00:08:09,170 --> 00:08:14,150 因为这件事情嘛现在算是一个有点尴尬了 has become 92 00:08:14,150 --> 00:08:16,090 had become a serious embarrassment 93 00:08:16,850 --> 00:08:21,730 所以 Lowell Observatory Directors Lowell 他的那个天 94 00:08:21,730 --> 00:08:2 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）