第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第1讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里说 Lowell 家族的人说话很‘高贵’，只跟 Cabot 家族说话，而 Cabot 家族只跟上帝说话。这个‘只跟上帝说话’到底是在夸他们还是有别的意思呀？
2. 这个词 indelibly 我查了字典说是‘不能擦除的’，但在句子里说 be indelibly remembered，是不是就是指‘让人印象特别深刻、忘不掉’这个意思？
3. 讲稿里提到火星运河是意大利天文学家先发现的，后来翻译成了英文的 Canal。那意大利语里的‘沟渠’（fossato/canale）和英语里的‘运河’（Canal）在意思上到底有啥大区别，咋就闹出这么个大乌龙？
4. Lowell 觉得火星上有运河是因为火星人为了把极地水运到赤道附近的干旱但肥沃的土地。既然现在我们知道那是错觉，那当时为啥大家会信这个‘火星人挖运河’的说法呢？
5. 既然现在哈勃望远镜和火星车都证明火星上没有运河也没有火星人了，那为什么 Lowell 还要花大价钱建天文台去观测这个‘不存在’的东西？他的这个‘错误信念’有啥价值吗？

1. Teacher, the transcript says the Lowell family was so 'noble' that they only spoke to the Cabot family, while the Cabots only spoke to God. Is 'speaking only to God' meant to be a compliment or does it have another implication?
2. I looked up 'indelibly' in the dictionary and it means 'cannot be erased'. In the phrase 'be indelibly remembered', does it just mean 'making a deep, unforgettable impression'?
3. The transcript mentions that the Martian canals were first discovered by an Italian astronomer and then translated into English as 'Canal'. What's the big difference between the Italian word for 'ditch/canal' and the English 'Canal'? How did this translation error cause such a huge misunderstanding?
4. Lowell believed there were canals on Mars because Martians were moving water from the polar regions to the dry but fertile lands near the equator. Since we now know it was an illusion, why did people back then believe this theory about 'Martians digging canals'?
5. Since we now know from the Hubble Telescope and Mars rovers that there are no canals or Martians on Mars, why did Lowell spend so much money building an observatory to observe this 'non-existent' thing? Does his 'wrong belief' have any value?

1 00:00:07,150 --> 00:00:14,250 他来自最老和最富裕的波士顿家波士顿是波士顿的家 2 00:00:14,250 --> 00:00:15,490 庭中最有名的家庭 3 00:00:16,030 --> 00:00:24,870 罗斯只说了凯伯特而凯伯特只说了神他拥有了他的名 4 00:00:24,870 --> 00:00:27,730 字的优秀观众但他认为 5 00:00:28,770 --> 00:00:37,090 马斯是用工业人工建造的河流 6 00:00:41,230 --> 00:00:41,830 这 7 00:00:43,050 --> 00:00:47,890 一整段就只有一句话主干结构画出来了主语是 8 00:00:47,890 --> 00:00:53,900 lawendowed the famous observatory to endow means to 9 00:00:53,900 --> 00:00:58,320 provide fund for something 资助 law 10 00:00:58,670 --> 00:01:06,650 资助了著名的天文台 but is most indelibly remembered 11 00:01:06,650 --> 00:01:08,310 for his belief 12 00:01:09,270 --> 00:01:15,430 但是他让人印象最深刻的是由于他的一个信念这里是 13 00:01:15,430 --> 00:01:18,110 整个就是主干结构是这样的 14 00:01:18,820 --> 00:01:23,550 但是还有很多附加的成分比如这里 who came from 这就 15 00:01:23,550 --> 00:01:27,980 是修士补充说明 loyal 他的一些信息他 16 00:01:28,170 --> 00:01:34,570 来自波士顿最古老的最富有的一个家族关于这个家族 17 00:01:34,570 --> 00:01:38,390 呢 the one in the famous city 还有一个歌谣其实也不能 18 00:01:38,390 --> 00:01:43,390 算是歌谣有点像就是顺口溜这样的他们在喝酒的时候 19 00:01:43,390 --> 00:01:44,150 会这么说 20 00:01:45,530 --> 00:01:49,710 这个歌谣这个 Ditty 是一个小曲子 Ab out Boston, 21 00:01:49,910 --> 00:01:52,950 Being the Home of Bean and Cod 22 00:01:53,690 --> 00:01:59,990 说的是波士顿是大豆和雪鱼的故乡 23 00:02:00,850 --> 00:02:05,490 Lowell 家族只跟大家注意到他这里复述说明是指的是 24 00:02:05,490 --> 00:02:07,010 他家族的成员 25 00:02:07,720 --> 00:02:13,420 Lowes 家族只跟 Cabot 家族寒暄只跟他们说话而 Cabot 26 00:02:13,420 --> 00:02:17,300 家族只跟上帝说话说明他们家族的高贵 27 00:02:18,960 --> 00:02:22,320 好了 Lowes 这个人他掏 28 00:02:22,640 --> 00:02:28,860 钱资助了一个著名的天文台这个天文台呢 Bears his 29 00:02:28,860 --> 00:02:29,220 name 30 00:02:29,900 --> 00:02:34,300 天文台就是以他的名字为命名的 Bears his name 就是天 31 00:02:34,300 --> 00:02:36,380 文台标的就是他的名字 32 00:02:36,840 --> 00:02:40,170 but is most indelibly remembered 33 00:02:41,350 --> 00:02:46,330 它是由于什么原因被别人记住的呢是由于它的一个 34 00:02:46,330 --> 00:02:50,470 belief 这个 belief 现在看起来有点可笑了我现在先解 35 00:02:50,470 --> 00:02:56,500 释一下 indelibly remembereddellibled e l i b l 36 00:02:56,500 --> 00:03:00,930 edellible 指的是可以被擦掉的那么 indelible 就是不 37 00:03:00,930 --> 00:03:06,660 能擦除的 indelibly 那就是给人的印象如此深刻给人 38 00:03:06,660 --> 00:03:11,400 难以磨灭的印象被人深刻地深深地牢牢地记住了 39 00:03:11,460 --> 00:03:15,400 他的这么一个 belief 他的 belief 是什么呢 40 00:03:21,160 --> 00:03:27,100 他认为火星上面遍布着大大小小的运河 41 00:03:27,740 --> 00:03:32,900 而这运河是由勤劳的火星人建造的 42 00:03:36,080 --> 00:03:36,860 Hard working 43 00:03:37,420 --> 00:03:42,280 Martians means people who live in Mars 火星人就比如说 44 00:03:42,280 --> 00:03:46,800 Australians 就是 people who live in Australia 澳大利 45 00:03:46,800 --> 00:03:49,980 亚人一样的构思方式那 46 00:03:50,070 --> 00:03:55,350 火星人为什么要这么不辞兴劳地去修建运河呢 For 47 00:03:55,350 --> 00:04:00,030 purposes of conveying water from polar regions to the 48 00:04:00,030 --> 00:04:03,030 dry but productive lands nearer the equator 49 00:04:05,060 --> 00:04:13,100 它的目的是要把水从极地运送到这个 conveyconvey 就 50 00:04:13,100 --> 00:04:20,240 是传输传送 polar regions 极地的地区 polar 是形容词 51 00:04:20,240 --> 00:04:28,600 原型是名词是 polep o l epole 就表示两极极地那么把极 52 00:04:28,600 --> 00:04:35,780 地的水运送到干旱的但是 productiveproductive 指的 53 00:04:35,780 --> 00:04:40,380 是这里的土地非常的肥沃它能够 produce a lot of 54 00:04:40,380 --> 00:04:43,360 things 非常肥沃富饶的 55 00:04:44,220 --> 00:04:49,120 但是又比较干旱的土地 nearer the equatorequator 就 56 00:04:49,120 --> 00:04:53,120 是赤道离赤道比较近的地方 57 00:04:54,900 --> 00:05:01,320 现在再来完整的连一遍 Lowell 捐助了大批的钱给这个 58 00:05:01,320 --> 00:05:08,540 天文台天文台就把名称命名为 Lowell 天文台来表示对 59 00:05:08,540 --> 00:05:14,220 他的感谢不过 Lowell 这个人最叫人印象深刻最叫人不 60 00:05:14,220 --> 00:05:19,160 能忘记的那就是他相信我们把这个 believe 这个名词 61 00:05:19,160 --> 00:05:22,820 翻译成动词他相信火 62 00:05:22,850 --> 00:05:29,550 星上布满运河而这些运河由勤奋的火星人建造目的是 63 00:05:29,550 --> 00:05:37,950 把水从火星的两极引导到靠近世道的那些肥沃但是又 64 00:05:37,950 --> 00:05:43,770 干燥的地带你看他真会想想象力爆棚了这 65 00:05:45,440 --> 00:05:49,380 就是刚才说的那个 Ditty 就是铸酒的时候唱的一个小 66 00:05:49,380 --> 00:05:54,660 曲子歌谣 So here's to dear old Boston Home of the bean 67 00:05:54,660 --> 00:05:58,720 and the cot Where the laurels speak only to carpets 68 00:05:58,720 --> 00:06:03,440 Cabbots speak only to God Cabbots 和 Lowell 两个家族都 69 00:06:03,440 --> 00:06:08,880 是当地的旺族这就是 Lowell 家族的家徽他们自己的家 70 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:14,220 族都有自己的徽章可见这真是很大的一个家族非常有 71 00:06:14,220 --> 00:06:18,430 钱 This is Lowell himself 72 00:06:19,250 --> 00:06:25,990 这就是这位天文学家本人然后这就是他自己捐助的天 73 00:06:25,990 --> 00:06:31,260 文馆然后这就是他画的火星运河的地图 74 00:06:31,900 --> 00:06:36,620 其实他会认为火星上有运河这也不是完全他一个人想 75 00:06:36,620 --> 00:06:37,200 出来的 76 00:06:37,840 --> 00:06:41,260 其实他应该说是一个翻译的错误把他给坑了吧 77 00:06:41,760 --> 00:06:47,080 之前是由意大利的天文学家发表了文章说在火星上看 78 00:06:47,080 --> 00:06:48,880 到了这个 Cannoli 79 00:06:49,500 --> 00:06:54,000 意大利文我的读音可能不对因为要按照意大利文的读 80 00:06:54,000 --> 00:06:58,360 音不知道是什么那拼写是这个样子的它的意思是沟渠 81 00:06:58,360 --> 00:07:03,760 它在望远镜里面看到了火星上有这些沟渠但是翻译成 82 00:07:03,760 --> 00:07:06,360 英文的时候呢就 83 00:07:06,420 --> 00:07:12,380 变成了 Canal Canal 是运河的意思沟渠变成运河差距可 84 00:07:12,380 --> 00:07:17,680 大了因为运河是人工挖的如果是 Canal 那就说明火星 85 00:07:17,680 --> 00:07:19,760 上有智慧生命那 86 00:07:20,460 --> 00:07:24,320 当时这篇文章发表出来引起了很大的轰动 87 00:07:24,820 --> 00:07:29,620 Lowell 就受到他的鼓舞吧就是非常感兴趣对这件事情 88 00:07:29,620 --> 00:07:34,420 所以就弄了这个天文台定视了望远镜然后就一直在观 89 00:07:34,420 --> 00:07:35,900 测火星上的 90 00:07:36,360 --> 00:07:40,820 观测这个火星他果真就看到了很多的 Cannels 或者他 91 00:07:40,820 --> 00:07:42,500 认为他看到了 Cannels 92 00:07:43,040 --> 00:07:47,060 当然实际上我们现在知道并不是因为我们现在都有哈 93 00:07:47,060 --> 00:07:51,720 勃望远镜还有火星车在火星上可以拍到近距离的照片 94 00:07:51,720 --> 00:07:55,640 并没有发现运河当然更没有智慧生物那 95 00:07:56,220 --> 00:08:00,440 当时看到的东西有可能就是是由于错觉造成的