第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第1讲S4

1. 讲稿里说我们被艺术家的描绘‘溺爱’（spoiled）了，所以误以为天文照片都很清晰。这里的‘spoiled’具体是指我们被什么样的画面‘惯坏’了？
2. 作者用‘a piece of cosmic lint’（宇宙中的纤维球）来形容冥王星的卫星，这个比喻具体是形容它看起来有多模糊？
3. 文中提到卫星不是‘crisply delineated companion orb’，这里的‘crisply’和‘delineated’分别是什么意思？它们组合在一起想表达什么样的视觉效果？
4. 为什么作者说这颗卫星只是‘additional fuzziness’（额外的模糊）？这里的‘additional’暗示了当时天文学家对冥王星系统的认知发生了什么变化？
5. 讲稿最后提到Christie的发现发生在Flagstaff，这被称为一个‘seminal event’（具有开创性意义的事件）。为什么地点重合会让这个发现显得如此特别和重要？

1. The transcript says we've been 'spoiled' by artists' renderings, leading us to mistakenly think astronomical photos are clear. What kind of images exactly have 'spoiled' us here?
2. The author describes Pluto's moon as 'a piece of cosmic lint.' What specific visual characteristic of the moon is this metaphor trying to convey regarding its blurriness?
3. The text states the moon is not a 'crisply delineated companion orb.' What do 'crisply' and 'delineated' mean individually, and what visual effect does their combination describe?
4. Why does the author call the moon just 'additional fuzziness'? What does 'additional' imply about astronomers' understanding of the Pluto system at that time?
5. The transcript mentions Christie's discovery happened in Flagstaff, calling it a 'seminal event.' Why does the coincidence of location make this discovery so significant and special?

1 00:00:05,520 --> 00:00:07,700 We have been spoiled by artists 2 00:00:08,020 --> 00:00:10,660 renderings into imagining imagining a clarity of 3 00:00:10,660 --> 00:00:14,340 resolution that doesn't exist in natural astronomy. 4 00:00:14,640 --> 00:00:17,300 Rendering 是艺术的在线。 5 00:00:17,900 --> 00:00:20,960 Have you ever heard of his rendering of Beethoven? 6 00:00:21,340 --> 00:00:25,120 你是否听过他演奏的贝多芬的曲子呢? 7 00:00:25,400 --> 00:00:28,120 那我们这里指的是艺术的描绘, 8 00:00:28,200 --> 00:00:29,660 艺术家的描绘。 9 00:00:29,780 --> 00:00:33,060 Spoiled 溺爱、宠爱、浇灌。 10 00:00:33,060 --> 00:00:38,480 意思就是艺术家的描绘呢都是非常漂亮的那我们都被 11 00:00:38,480 --> 00:00:43,380 这些东西我们都看惯了看习惯了好像就是被灌坏了所 12 00:00:43,380 --> 00:00:48,270 以我们就会想象我们这里看 have been spoiled into 表 13 00:00:48,270 --> 00:00:53,480 示我们被浇灌坏了然后我们就会就会 imagining 我们 14 00:00:53,480 --> 00:00:59,180 就误以为想象就说这完全是我们想象的并不是实际上 15 00:00:59,180 --> 00:01:00,120 是这样的情况 16 00:01:00,620 --> 00:01:02,160 我们就会误以为呢 17 00:01:02,640 --> 00:01:07,340 天文照片都是有高分辨率的 resolution 就分辨率 18 00:01:07,340 --> 00:01:12,660 clarity 清晰这个句子我们翻译的时候可以把它拆开 19 00:01:12,660 --> 00:01:17,920 并且都变成形容词来翻译而不要用这样的抽象名词我 20 00:01:17,920 --> 00:01:23,480 误以为天文照片都相当清晰而且容易辨认这其实大错 21 00:01:23,480 --> 00:01:24,280 的特错 22 00:01:24,820 --> 00:01:28,960 高解析度的天文照片事实上可以说是根本就不存在 23 00:01:28,960 --> 00:01:33,560 doesn't exist in natural astronomy Pluto in 24 00:01:33,560 --> 00:01:39,190 Christie's photograph is faint and fuzzyfaint 之前说 25 00:01:39,190 --> 00:01:43,490 过了微弱的 fuzzy 就跟以前之前我们见过的那个 26 00:01:43,490 --> 00:01:48,450 blurry 意思是相近的就是边缘非常模糊的模糊不清的 27 00:01:48,450 --> 00:01:51,930 blurry 是整个是一种模糊 a 28 00:01:52,180 --> 00:01:56,240 piece of cosmic lint and its moon is not the rom 29 00:01:56,240 --> 00:02:01,080 antically backlit crisply delineated companion orb 30 00:02:01,080 --> 00:02:03,520 you would get in a national geographic painting 31 00:02:04,210 --> 00:02:09,150 but rather just a tiny and extremely indistinct hint of 32 00:02:09,150 --> 00:02:10,310 additional fuzziness 33 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:11,850 好 34 00:02:11,950 --> 00:02:15,970 破折号这里就是来解释它到底有多么的 fant and fuzzy 35 00:02:15,970 --> 00:02:22,110 用一个比较形象的一个说法 a piece of cosmic lintlint 36 00:02:22,110 --> 00:02:23,150 指的就是 37 00:02:23,750 --> 00:02:29,130 这张图这样的比如你扫地的时候会扫出的一点纤维的 38 00:02:29,130 --> 00:02:32,650 球或者冬天穿的泥大衣 39 00:02:33,130 --> 00:02:38,410 穿的时间长了摩擦的地方就起球了就这种纤维球就这 40 00:02:38,410 --> 00:02:43,150 种模模糊糊的这样的感觉所以它就像是宇宙中的就这 41 00:02:43,150 --> 00:02:44,310 么一个小纤维球 42 00:02:44,790 --> 00:02:49,530 根本就看不清 and it's moon 而它的卫星呢 is not the rom 43 00:02:49,530 --> 00:02:50,850 antically backlit 44 00:02:51,960 --> 00:02:58,860 backlit 是指光从背后照过来的这种并不是这种看过 45 00:02:58,860 --> 00:03:03,320 去非常浪漫的后面有光照着的然后它的轮廓就非常清 46 00:03:03,320 --> 00:03:09,720 晰的 Crisply delineated Delineate 是指画出轮廓做动 47 00:03:09,720 --> 00:03:14,460 词的话指的是描出轮廓那这里是过去分词也就是有被 48 00:03:14,460 --> 00:03:18,460 动的含义就是它是非常清晰的被描出了轮廓的 49 00:03:18,460 --> 00:03:20,940 Crisply Crisp 这个词 50 00:03:22,500 --> 00:03:27,000 指的是清脆的还有就是比如说你吃的那个薯片 51 00:03:27,000 --> 00:03:33,450 Crispcrispy 就是非常咬起来非常的脆那如果说指的 52 00:03:33,450 --> 00:03:40,160 是轮廓的话那就是非常的 clear cut 轮廓非常清晰好了 53 00:03:41,000 --> 00:03:44,260 这里说到 its moon 它的卫 54 00:03:44,290 --> 00:03:50,570 星其实并不是这样的一个 companion orb 这前面的 55 00:03:50,570 --> 00:03:55,130 backlit 还有 delineated 都是修饰这个 companion 56 00:03:55,130 --> 00:04:03,290 orborb 这个词是球体相当于是 spherecompanion 伴侣 57 00:04:03,290 --> 00:04:09,490 因为它是卫星嘛所以它相对于冥王星来讲它就是冥王 58 00:04:09,490 --> 00:04:12,510 星的一个 companion 好像是它的一个伴侣似的 59 00:04:13,050 --> 00:04:15,350 可以把它想成是伴星这样 60 00:04:16,270 --> 00:04:20,110 you will get in the national geographic painting 那这 61 00:04:20,110 --> 00:04:22,590 个 you will get 到底 get 什么东西 62 00:04:24,000 --> 00:04:29,060 就是指前面说的这种非常清晰的有背光的轮廓非常清 63 00:04:29,060 --> 00:04:31,160 晰的半星的一个照片 64 00:04:32,380 --> 00:04:36,960 那这种照片你可能会在国家地理杂志的图片里面看到 65 00:04:38,100 --> 00:04:39,260 但实际上呢 66 00:04:40,440 --> 00:04:44,240 它的卫星并不是这样的一个并不是这种样子的 67 00:04:44,760 --> 00:04:49,320 所以完整的来说这个句子就是它的卫星更不像是国家 68 00:04:49,320 --> 00:04:55,800 地理杂志上的图画那样由难忘的背光衬托出轮廓鲜明 69 00:04:55,800 --> 00:05:00,220 的一个圆球陪伴在冥王星的身旁 but 70 00:05:00,990 --> 00:05:05,570 rather 实际情况是什么样的呢 just a tiny and 71 00:05:05,570 --> 00:05:11,050 extremely indistinct hint of additional fussiness 它 72 00:05:11,720 --> 00:05:14,680 只不过是一个 hint just a tiny and extremely 73 00:05:14,680 --> 00:05:21,080 indistinct hinthint 这个词本意是暗示暗示也就是说 74 00:05:21,080 --> 00:05:22,520 你不是看得非常清楚 75 00:05:23,080 --> 00:05:28,500 你只是觉得好像有这么个东西 indistinct 这个词就是 76 00:05:28,500 --> 00:05:29,500 不清晰的 77 00:05:30,000 --> 00:05:35,020 distinct 指的是清晰很容易辨认的清晰可辨加上 in 就 78 00:05:35,020 --> 00:05:39,860 是否定表示不清晰所以我们现在已经有三个的 79 00:05:40,960 --> 00:05:45,200 同义词了前面见过 blurry 然后再 80 00:05:45,390 --> 00:05:48,250 后来就是 fuzzy 现在有 indistinct 81 00:05:48,710 --> 00:05:53,180 因为作家呢描写同一个事物的时候他不想一直用同一 82 00:05:53,180 --> 00:05:57,130 个词这样语言就显得比较单调所以会用很多的同义词 83 00:05:58,670 --> 00:06:02,130 好了这里 additional fuzziness 为什么说是 84 00:06:02,130 --> 00:06:02,810 additional 85 00:06:04,980 --> 00:06:10,100 因为原来以为只有一个冥王星现在觉得可能又多了一 86 00:06:10,100 --> 00:06:15,540 个什么所以是 additional 就是额外的而额外的多的这 87 00:06:15,540 --> 00:06:19,500 么一个东西那也不是一个什么东西也看不清楚它只是 88 00:06:19,500 --> 00:06:20,300 一个 fuzziness 89 00:06:20,960 --> 00:06:22,080 模模糊糊的 90 00:06:22,580 --> 00:06:27,400 所以这个句子可以说是实际上它的影像就是让人隐约 91 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:33,640 感觉到似乎多出了一个模糊的影像但是却又微不足道 92 00:06:33,640 --> 00:06:36,060 而且极不明确 93 00:06:43,360 --> 00:06:48,880 这个句子可以改写 94 00:06:48,910 --> 00:06:53,490 成 It was so fuzzy that it took seven years for anyone to 95 00:06:53,490 --> 00:06:54,350 spot the moon again 96 00:06:55,550 --> 00:06:56,110 就是 97 00:06:56,180 --> 00:07:01,760 它那么实在太模糊了所以过了七年才有人再次看到这 98 00:07:01,760 --> 00:07:07,100 颗卫星因为之前 Christy 只是在检视一个月前的天文 99 00:07:07,100 --> 00:07:11,760 照片的时候才注意到冥王星那个位置好像有一个突起 100 00:07:11,760 --> 00:07:16,320 多出来一个东西而那个东西肯定不是冥王星本身但再 101 00:07:16,320 --> 00:07:19,900 一次被真正的看 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）