第2章 欢迎来到太阳系 Welcome to the Solar System · 第1讲S1

1. 老师，讲稿里说 'If someone struck a match on the moon...' 为什么用过去式 'struck' 而不是 'strikes'？这跟虚拟语气有啥关系呀？
2. 我不太懂 'throbs and wobbles' 这两个词，它们在这里到底是名词还是动词？怎么从‘跳动’和‘摇晃’联想到天文学的？
3. 'Potential habitability' 里的 'potential' 和 'habitat' 长得很像，但意思好像不一样？'Potential customer' 和 'natural habitat' 里的用法能再对比一下吗？
4. 既然那些行星 'much too remote to be seen'（远到看不见），天文学家具体是怎么通过恒星的 'throbs and wobbles' 就‘推断’出它们能不能住人的？
5. 文中说去那些行星要花 'half a million years'（五十万年），这个数字是为了说明什么？它跟前面的虚拟语气假设有什么联系吗？

1. Why does the text use the past tense 'struck' in 'If someone struck a match on the moon...' instead of 'strikes'? How is this related to the subjunctive mood?
2. I don't quite get 'throbs and wobbles'. Are they nouns or verbs here? How do 'pulsing' and 'swaying' relate to astronomy?
3. The words 'potential' and 'habitat' in 'potential habitability' look similar but mean different things. Can you compare how 'potential customer' and 'natural habitat' are used?
4. Since those planets are 'much too remote to be seen', how exactly can astronomers 'infer' if they are habitable just by observing the 'throbs and wobbles' of their stars?
5. The text mentions it would take 'half a million years' to reach those planets. What point is this trying to make? How does it connect to the hypothetical situation mentioned earlier?

1 00:00:12,620 --> 00:00:14,000 Welcome to the solar system. 2 00:00:15,650 --> 00:00:19,290 Astronomers these days can do the most amazing things. 3 00:00:19,610 --> 00:00:21,130 Amazing means surprising. 4 00:00:21,570 --> 00:00:23,890 So surprising you can hardly believe it. 5 00:00:24,030 --> 00:00:26,050 It also means very good, 6 00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:29,030 especially in an unexpected way.For example, 7 00:00:29,190 --> 00:00:31,730 you are amazing.你真是太棒了。 8 00:00:32,220 --> 00:00:34,900 Or you are an amazing football player. 9 00:00:35,420 --> 00:00:37,080 But here in our sentence, 10 00:00:37,240 --> 00:00:38,240 amazing means surprising. 11 00:00:38,780 --> 00:00:42,680 现代的天文学家能做的事情太让人惊讶了。 12 00:00:42,680 --> 00:00:47,040 If someone struck a match on the moonstrike 原型是 13 00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:51,260 strikestrike 本意是击打 14 00:00:51,340 --> 00:00:56,800 打击 strike match 是火柴 strike match 就是划了一根火 15 00:00:56,800 --> 00:01:00,220 柴 If someone struck a match on the moon 如果有人在月球 16 00:01:00,220 --> 00:01:04,400 上划了一根火柴大家可以关注一下为什么不是 strike 17 00:01:04,400 --> 00:01:06,840 a match 而是用过去式呢我们 18 00:01:07,290 --> 00:01:13,370 前几课提到过虚拟语气与事实相反的不可能实现的一 19 00:01:13,370 --> 00:01:18,270 种假设用的虚拟语气它的条件句就是 if 引导的从句里 20 00:01:18,270 --> 00:01:18,490 边 21 00:01:19,570 --> 00:01:25,070 跟现在事实相反的时候它用的是一般过去式这就是虚 22 00:01:25,070 --> 00:01:26,070 拟语气这种情况 23 00:01:26,690 --> 00:01:30,710 因为不可能有人会到月球上去划火柴所以这种假设是 24 00:01:30,710 --> 00:01:35,770 不可能成为现实的而虚拟语气的主句它的位于是 25 00:01:35,770 --> 00:01:39,050 could 或者 should 等等加上动词原型 26 00:01:48,770 --> 00:01:52,590 如果有人在月球上划了一个火柴就那么一点点的火光 27 00:01:52,590 --> 00:01:54,990 听闻学家都能从地球上看到 28 00:02:09,080 --> 00:02:12,120 that it would take us half a million years in a spaceship 29 00:02:12,120 --> 00:02:18,560 to get therethrobs and wobbles 这两个是名词因为它跟 30 00:02:18,560 --> 00:02:25,520 在 tiniest 形容词的后面从遥远的恒星的最微小的 31 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:30,240 throbs and wobbles 我们要从它们的动词去理解它的意 32 00:02:30,240 --> 00:02:30,440 思 33 00:02:30,980 --> 00:02:35,880 它的动词跟名词的拼写是一样的 throb means to pulse 34 00:02:35,880 --> 00:02:36,300 it 35 00:02:36,900 --> 00:02:40,840 迈动 or to beat repeatedlyespecially with increased 36 00:02:40,840 --> 00:02:41,380 force 37 00:02:42,090 --> 00:02:46,830 for example your heart beats regularly but sometimes 38 00:02:46,830 --> 00:02:50,910 it may beat more strongly than usual all of a sudden 39 00:02:50,910 --> 00:02:52,660 there is a throb 40 00:02:53,560 --> 00:02:54,460 心跳 41 00:02:54,560 --> 00:02:59,580 心跳的悸动有时候突然会那么增强一下突然比较强烈 42 00:02:59,580 --> 00:03:04,480 地跳了一下那就是 throbwobbles means to move or to 43 00:03:04,480 --> 00:03:07,760 rock or sway unsteadily 摇摇晃晃 44 00:03:07,820 --> 00:03:11,000 摇摇摆摆很不稳定的样子所以 45 00:03:11,320 --> 00:03:14,580 这个句子呢指的是 from the tiniest movements of 46 00:03:14,580 --> 00:03:18,760 distant stars they can infer the size and character and 47 00:03:18,760 --> 00:03:23,920 even potential habitability of planets infer means to 48 00:03:23,920 --> 00:03:27,560 make judgment to draw a conclusion from the evidence 49 00:03:27,560 --> 00:03:31,460 for examplefrom the evidence we can infer that the 50 00:03:31,460 --> 00:03:33,860 victim knew her killer 从 51 00:03:34,110 --> 00:03:38,970 我们获得的证据可以判断可以推测推理 Inferred 就是 52 00:03:38,970 --> 00:03:48,190 推测推理可以推测推理出受害者认识凶手那 53 00:03:49,220 --> 00:03:55,600 从遥远的恒星的这些微小的悸动天文学家们可以推断 54 00:03:55,600 --> 00:04:01,390 出什么呢 Inferred 后面跟着几个的兵语第一个兵语是 55 00:04:01,390 --> 00:04:03,490 The size and character 56 00:04:04,170 --> 00:04:07,570 这个 The size and character 指的就是恒星本身的 57 00:04:08,950 --> 00:04:20,410 他们的大小和性质第二个评语在这甚至是 58 00:04:20,410 --> 00:04:24,360 那些遥远的行星 59 00:04:25,010 --> 00:04:29,590 他们是否适合人类居住这个他们也能判断出来 60 00:04:30,360 --> 00:04:35,520 这里有几个词比较密集 potential 是指潜在的有可能 61 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:38,520 的比如说 your potential customer 62 00:04:39,140 --> 00:04:43,920 你的潜在客户他现在还不是你的客户但有可能会成为 63 00:04:43,920 --> 00:04:46,440 你的客户这样的叫 potential customer 64 00:04:47,560 --> 00:04:48,940 那 hab itability 65 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:51,420 我们先看一下动词 66 00:04:52,000 --> 00:04:56,980 hab it 不对是名词 habitathabitat 是居住地栖息地 67 00:04:57,640 --> 00:04:58,400 比如说 68 00:04:59,040 --> 00:05:02,620 a lot of animals are losing their natural habitats 69 00:05:02,620 --> 00:05:08,220 these days 现在有很多的动物在逐渐失去它们的自然 70 00:05:08,220 --> 00:05:12,160 栖息地那它的形容词 habitable 71 00:05:12,820 --> 00:05:16,940 也就是指适宜居住的适宜生物居住的 72 00:05:17,440 --> 00:05:22,440 这个又是名词 hab itability 宜居性所以这两个都是名 73 00:05:22,440 --> 00:05:24,380 词但是它们的意思是不一样的 74 00:05:25,560 --> 00:05:30,680 那现在这里指的就是这些行星的宜居性 75 00:05:31,540 --> 00:05:33,480 而这些行星之后面还有还有, 76 00:05:33,540 --> 00:05:35,980 much too remote to be seen, 77 00:05:36,040 --> 00:05:38,720 这个部分是修饰这个行星, 78 00:05:38,840 --> 00:05:41,400 什么样的行星,就是离我们太远, 79 00:05:41,500 --> 00:05:43,160 remote means far away, 80 00:05:43,380 --> 00:05:48,780 much too far away for us to see them, 81 00:05:48,900 --> 00:05:51,300 离我们实在遥远,我们根本就看不到, 82 00:05:51,520 --> 00:05:55,540 但是呢,我们可以根据它这个系统内的恒星, 83 00:05:55,680 --> 00:05:57,720 它的这些 throbs and wobbles, 84 00:05:57,720 --> 00:06:03,260 听文学家们就可以推测出这些行星是否适宜人类居住 85 00:06:03,260 --> 00:06:06,340 至少是否适合生物居住 86 00:06:09,080 --> 00:06:15,620 再看后面这里还有一个破折号这是继续进一步的来说 87 00:06:15,620 --> 00:06:18,160 明这个行星它 88 00:06:18,480 --> 00:06:22,400 到底有多远 Planets so distant that it would take us 89 00:06:22,400 --> 00:06:25,360 half a million years in a spaceship to get there 90 00:06:26,140 --> 00:06:28,360 离我们这么远搭太空船 91 00:06:29,210 --> 00:06:31,590 都要花上五十万年才到的了