第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第5讲

1. 老师，讲稿里说宇宙没有边缘，但为什么又说它是有限的（finite）？这俩词听起来不是矛盾吗？
2. 文中提到就算你顽强地一直往前走（pugnaciously），最后也会回到原点。这是为啥？难道宇宙是个甜甜圈形状吗？
3. 这里有个表达 'as it were'，老师您说它是让语气变和缓。那它跟 'I mean' 或者 'basically' 有啥区别？
4. 讲稿里把星系相互远离（rushing apart）比作气球膨胀，但又说空间本身在弯曲。这两个说法到底哪个才是真的？
5. 那个来自平面宇宙的人（someone from a universe of flat surfaces）的例子，是不是在解释为什么我们普通人很难理解‘弯曲空间’这个概念？

1. Sir/Ma'am, the transcript says the universe has no edge, but it's also 'finite'. Don't these two words contradict each other?
2. The text says that if you walk forward stubbornly (pugnaciously), you'll eventually return to the start. Why is that? Is the universe shaped like a donut?
3. There's a phrase 'as it were' here. You mentioned it softens the tone. How is it different from 'I mean' or 'basically'?
4. The transcript compares galaxies rushing apart to an expanding balloon, but also says space itself is curving. Which one is actually true?
5. Is the example of the person from a flat universe meant to explain why it's so hard for us ordinary people to understand the concept of 'curved space'?

1 00:00:10,510 --> 00:00:13,130 Hello everybody,nice to see you again. 2 00:00:14,630 --> 00:00:17,970 Previously we talked about the universe which is just 3 00:00:17,970 --> 00:00:21,070 right for us with exactly the right gravity. 4 00:00:21,750 --> 00:00:25,670 Some experts believe that it is because there may have 5 00:00:25,670 --> 00:00:28,850 been many other big bands which produced many other 6 00:00:28,850 --> 00:00:29,310 universes, 7 00:00:29,530 --> 00:00:32,490 but those universes were not right for us. 8 00:00:32,670 --> 00:00:36,230 And finally,there is one which is just right. 9 00:00:37,230 --> 00:00:40,910 马丁瑞斯认为有很多宇宙, 10 00:00:41,270 --> 00:00:44,970 而我们住在一个被正确的价值主义中。 11 00:00:45,760 --> 00:00:51,780 他还指出了正确的氧化碳转移率的例子。 12 00:00:53,330 --> 00:00:58,050 然后,则谈论了三个可能结果, 13 00:00:58,370 --> 00:01:02,030 三个宇宙的缺陷,封闭、 14 00:01:02,150 --> 00:01:03,970 开放和平均。 15 00:01:03,970 --> 00:01:08,310 Now,the question is or, 16 00:01:08,570 --> 00:01:11,110 to put it another way Now, 17 00:01:11,190 --> 00:01:14,970 the question that has occurred to all of us at some point 18 00:01:14,970 --> 00:01:16,450 is What 19 00:01:16,550 --> 00:01:19,890 would happen if you traveled out to the edge of the 20 00:01:19,890 --> 00:01:22,110 universe and,as it were, 21 00:01:22,250 --> 00:01:23,990 put your head through the curtains 22 00:01:26,650 --> 00:01:31,310 说到这儿,咱们每个人迟早都会想到 At 23 00:01:31,660 --> 00:01:34,720 some point means at some time 24 00:01:35,680 --> 00:01:39,240 在某个时刻总会想到这么一个问题 25 00:01:40,720 --> 00:01:43,220 接下来就要先看 Eve 引导的从句 26 00:01:43,780 --> 00:01:46,820 她有两个谓语 Travel out 27 00:01:47,500 --> 00:01:50,120 还有 And put your head through the curtains 28 00:01:51,790 --> 00:01:57,070 如果你一直往宇宙的边缘不断地往外走不断地往外旅 29 00:01:57,070 --> 00:02:03,770 行并且把头伸出到帷幔之外伸出到宇宙的帷幕之外 30 00:02:05,040 --> 00:02:09,160 那么又会发生什么呢 what would happen 要倒过来翻译 31 00:02:09,710 --> 00:02:10,610 as it were 32 00:02:11,310 --> 00:02:12,210 是为了 33 00:02:13,360 --> 00:02:19,500 让语气变得更加的和缓不那么武断相当于是可以这么 34 00:02:19,500 --> 00:02:19,960 说吧 35 00:02:22,140 --> 00:02:25,420 where would your head be if you were no longer in the 36 00:02:25,420 --> 00:02:25,820 universe 37 00:02:26,340 --> 00:02:31,860 那如果你把头伸到帷幕之外的话那是不是可以说你的 38 00:02:31,860 --> 00:02:33,560 头就不在宇宙里面的呢 39 00:02:34,480 --> 00:02:39,720 if it were no longer in the universe 那如果你的头不在 40 00:02:39,720 --> 00:02:42,640 宇宙里边了,那你的头又会在哪呢? 41 00:02:42,760 --> 00:02:43,820 Where would your head be? 42 00:02:44,940 --> 00:02:46,820 What would you find beyond? 43 00:02:47,400 --> 00:02:49,300 那你又能看到什么呢? 44 00:02:49,420 --> 00:02:51,900 Beyond 指的是在什么什么之外, 45 00:02:52,020 --> 00:02:55,100 也就是在宇宙之外,你又能看到什么? 46 00:02:56,630 --> 00:02:58,830 The answer,disappointingly, 47 00:02:59,030 --> 00:03:01,850 is that you can never get to the edge of the universe. 48 00:03:02,600 --> 00:03:05,940 然而,回答却是令人失望的。 49 00:03:05,940 --> 00:03:11,000 那就是你根本不可能到达宇宙的边缘好了我们说到这 50 00:03:11,000 --> 00:03:12,900 儿大家可能可以想一想 51 00:03:13,460 --> 00:03:15,540 为什么我们不能到达宇宙的边缘 52 00:03:16,060 --> 00:03:20,640 是因为离我们太远了吗我们的有生之年根本不可能到 53 00:03:20,640 --> 00:03:24,940 达还是没有这样的飞行器可以把我们送到那里呢 54 00:03:25,810 --> 00:03:27,470 这都不是作者想说的 55 00:03:28,200 --> 00:03:28,720 他说 56 00:03:34,920 --> 00:03:35,360 他 57 00:03:36,250 --> 00:03:40,450 说我们永远都不可能到达宇宙的边缘但这并不是因为 58 00:03:40,450 --> 00:03:43,750 到达宇宙的边缘要花太长的时间 59 00:03:44,330 --> 00:03:47,350 尽管确实要花很长的时间 60 00:03:48,000 --> 00:03:53,640 那不是这个原因那到底是什么呢所以这里的主干结构 61 00:03:53,640 --> 00:03:58,120 是 That's not because,but because 它不是因为, 62 00:03:58,400 --> 00:03:59,720 而是因为 63 00:04:00,790 --> 00:04:05,550 那而是因为 Even if you traveled outward and outward in 64 00:04:05,550 --> 00:04:10,050 a straight lineindefinitely and pugnaciously you 65 00:04:10,050 --> 00:04:13,510 would never arrive at an outer boundary 那 66 00:04:15,560 --> 00:04:19,100 真正的原因是就算你按 67 00:04:20,160 --> 00:04:24,720 一条直线不断地往外走永无止境, 68 00:04:24,840 --> 00:04:30,920 永不停歇一路一直往前走绝不停下来 pugnaciously 本 69 00:04:30,920 --> 00:04:35,840 来指的是好斗的好仗的好吵嘴的这里指的是那种 70 00:04:36,500 --> 00:04:42,040 顽强的勇往无前的一直往前走绝不停歇的那么 you 71 00:04:42,040 --> 00:04:46,300 would never arrive at an outer boundary 就算是如此你 72 00:04:46,300 --> 00:04:49,240 也永远到不了外太空的边缘 73 00:04:51,350 --> 00:04:54,330 instead you would come back to where you began 74 00:04:55,240 --> 00:05:00,220 到不了边缘相反你会回到原处 at which point 75 00:05:00,220 --> 00:05:03,400 presumably you would rather lose heart in the exercise 76 00:05:03,400 --> 00:05:10,030 and give uppresume 是预计估计那么 presumably 我估计 77 00:05:10,030 --> 00:05:14,610 呢到这个时候吧 at which point means at this time you 78 00:05:14,610 --> 00:05:18,090 would rather lose heart in the exerciseexercise 是体 79 00:05:18,090 --> 00:05:23,790 育锻炼作者比较风趣地把刚才一直到宇宙的边缘朝着 80 00:05:23,790 --> 00:05:26,950 宇宙的边缘一直跑的这个行为把它说成是一个 81 00:05:27,570 --> 00:05:30,990 那你肯定会灰心丧气,lose heart, 82 00:05:31,170 --> 00:05:32,990 然后就放弃了整个世界。 83 00:05:34,150 --> 00:05:38,890 The reason for this is that the universe bends in a way we 84 00:05:38,890 --> 00:05:40,350 can't adequately imagine, 85 00:05:40,770 --> 00:05:44,250 in conformance with Einstein's theory of relativity, 86 00:05:44,630 --> 00:05:47,170 which we will get to in due course. 87 00:05:49,350 --> 00:05:53,710 原因是宇宙会弯曲,它 88 00:05:54,000 --> 00:05:57,920 这种弯曲的方式是我们无法充分想象的, 89 00:05:57,920 --> 00:06:01,120 Adequate 是充分充足的 In 90 00:06:01,560 --> 00:06:03,520 conformance with 我们 91 00:06:03,910 --> 00:06:08,730 先看一下这个 conformconform 是一个动词后面经常跟 92 00:06:08,730 --> 00:06:14,010 上 to 或者 with It means to obey a law or to obey a rule For 93 00:06:14,200 --> 00:06:17,480 example All new buildings must conform with the 94 00:06:17,480 --> 00:06:22,300 regional development plan 所有的新建筑都必须遵守 95 00:06:22,300 --> 00:06:24,740 地区发展规划 Or 96 00:06:24,840 --> 00:06:27,740 products which conform to international safety 97 00:06:27,740 --> 00:06:28,320 standards 98 00:06:29,330 --> 00:06:32,910 符合国际安全标准的产品 99 00 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）