第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第4讲S5

1. 讲稿里说如果那个数值从0.007降到0.006或者升到0.008，宇宙就全完了。这到底是啥意思？为啥差这么一点点，结果就变成要么全是氢，要么氢全用光了呀？
2. 这里有个词叫'bonding'，讲稿里说它原意是绳索。在宇宙大爆炸这个语境下，它具体指代的是哪种物理现象？为啥用'so wildly prolific'来形容它？
3. 讲稿里对比了两种极端情况：引力太强导致宇宙塌缩（collapsing in upon itself），和引力太弱导致宇宙永远膨胀。这两个过程最后的结果有啥本质区别？特别是那个'inert and dense but very roomy'是啥感觉？
4. 老师提到纸质版和电子书里的数字（0.006, 0.007, 0.008）都是错的。为啥作者要故意留这个错，还让学生去算？这背后的逻辑是啥？
5. 讲稿最后说宇宙可能会'turn out to be a little too strong'然后停止膨胀开始塌缩。这里的'turn out to be'和'halt'用在这儿，是想表达一种什么样的宇宙命运？跟前面说的'just right'有啥对比？

1. The script says if that value drops from 0.007 to 0.006 or rises to 0.008, the universe is doomed. What does that mean exactly? Why does such a tiny difference lead to either a universe full of only hydrogen or one where hydrogen is completely used up?
2. There's a word called 'bonding' here, and the script mentions its original meaning is 'rope'. In the context of the Big Bang, what specific physical phenomenon does it refer to? Why is it described as 'so wildly prolific'?
3. The script contrasts two extreme scenarios: gravity being too strong, causing the universe to collapse in upon itself, and gravity being too weak, causing the universe to expand forever. What's the essential difference between the final outcomes of these two processes? Especially, what does 'inert and dense but very roomy' feel like?
4. The teacher mentioned that the numbers in both the print and e-book versions (0.006, 0.007, 0.008) are wrong. Why did the author intentionally leave this mistake and ask students to calculate? What's the logic behind that?
5. At the end, the script says the universe might 'turn out to be a little too strong' and then stop expanding to collapse. What kind of cosmic fate is 'turn out to be' and 'halt' trying to express here? How does it contrast with what was said earlier about 'just right'?

1 00:00:07,020 --> 00:00:09,340 Lower that value very slightly, 2 00:00:09,640 --> 00:00:13,620 from 0.07 to 0. 3 00:00:14,220 --> 00:00:19,040 06 say,and no transformation could take place. 4 00:00:19,960 --> 00:00:21,980 That value means that number, 5 00:00:22,160 --> 00:00:25,580 就是前面说的千分之七这么一个数, 6 00:00:25,760 --> 00:00:29,500 把这个数值稍微降低那么一点点。 7 00:00:29,500 --> 00:00:30,420 C 8 00:00:30,710 --> 00:00:38,390 是举个例子比如说把它从原来的七千分之七降低到六 9 00:00:38,390 --> 00:00:39,830 千分之六 And 10 00:00:39,860 --> 00:00:45,660 no transformation could take place 那就不可能会产生 11 00:00:45,660 --> 00:00:47,800 任何的转化 The 12 00:00:49,080 --> 00:00:53,500 universe would consist of hydrogen and nothing else 没 13 00:00:53,500 --> 00:01:00,880 有任何的转化那这个宇宙就全部都是氢别的就什么也 14 00:01:00,880 --> 00:01:01,380 没有了 15 00:01:18,170 --> 00:01:18,690 如果 16 00:01:19,300 --> 00:01:23,920 把这个数字稍微提高那么一点点要 17 00:01:24,140 --> 00:01:29,360 把它提高到千分之八那么 bonding would be so wildly 18 00:01:29,360 --> 00:01:35,890 prolificbonding 这个词我们先看一下其中的 bond 它 19 00:01:35,890 --> 00:01:42,390 的原意是绳索那么 bonding 就是指像绳索一样把人们 20 00:01:42,390 --> 00:01:45,370 或者把两个物质连接在一起 21 00:01:46,230 --> 00:01:51,590 在我们这个句子里边 bonding 指的是物质的聚合作用 22 00:01:51,590 --> 00:01:54,710 指的是合聚变聚 23 00:01:55,480 --> 00:02:01,940 合作用就会非常的热烈非常的积极 prolific 这个词相 24 00:02:01,940 --> 00:02:07,020 当于是 productive it means being able to produce a lot 25 00:02:07,020 --> 00:02:10,580 of results 也就是非常的 26 00:02:10,740 --> 00:02:15,630 高长这个聚合作用就极其高长 that 27 00:02:16,590 --> 00:02:20,270 导致的结果就是 hydrogen would long since have been 28 00:02:20,270 --> 00:02:25,090 exhaustedexhausted means used up would long since 29 00:02:25,090 --> 00:02:28,370 have been used upconsumed, 30 00:02:28,590 --> 00:02:29,870 completely consumed 31 00:02:30,780 --> 00:02:36,640 那就是如果把这个数字稍微提高那么一点提高到千分 32 00:02:36,640 --> 00:02:40,700 之八的话那么聚合作用就会非常的强烈 33 00:02:41,850 --> 00:02:44,450 那到最后呢轻早 34 00:02:44,480 --> 00:02:49,130 就已经被用完了如果是这样的话那么轻这个宇宙中已 35 00:02:49,130 --> 00:02:51,420 经就没有这个轻了早就用完了 36 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:04,520 The numbers will be the same as shown here 37 00:03:05,120 --> 00:03:06,760 But if you are using an e book, 38 00:03:06,880 --> 00:03:08,640 the numbers will be 0. 39 00:03:09,540 --> 00:03:14,000 007 也就是用电子书的话, 40 00:03:14,180 --> 00:03:17,760 这里的数字应该是 0.007 41 00:03:18,420 --> 00:03:22,400 这里是 0.006,0.008 42 00:03:23,230 --> 00:03:25,380 But both versions are wrong, 43 00:03:25,580 --> 00:03:27,280 they are all mistaken A 44 00:03:27,980 --> 00:03:31,580 short history of nearly everything is indeed a great 45 00:03:31,580 --> 00:03:35,400 book It has won many awards and has been selling briskly 46 00:03:35,400 --> 00:03:38,640 all over the world But it doesn't mean that the book is 47 00:03:38,640 --> 00:03:39,420 free of mistakes 48 00:03:40,100 --> 00:03:43,940 I hope you'll think it over and do some math and tell me 49 00:03:43,940 --> 00:03:45,920 what you think the correct numbers should be 50 00:03:46,460 --> 00:03:53,060 也就是无论是电子版的还是纸质版的这三个数字都搞 51 00:03:53,060 --> 00:03:59,020 错了所以大家不妨好好动动脑看看上下文然后拿起笔 52 00:03:59,020 --> 00:04:02,040 来算一算看看正确的数字应该是多少 53 00:04:02,600 --> 00:04:06,080 我们就把它当成是今天的作业吧 In 54 00:04:06,400 --> 00:04:10,260 either casewith the slightest tweaking of the numbers 55 00:04:10,260 --> 00:04:14,240 the universe as we know and need it will not be here 56 00:04:14,840 --> 00:04:19,380 那无论是哪一种情况 either case 指的是前面的不管是 57 00:04:19,380 --> 00:04:24,880 把这个 value 降低那么一点点还是提高那么一点点反 58 00:04:25,040 --> 00:04:29,940 正只要把这些数字稍微改变那么一点 t weaking means 59 00:04:29,940 --> 00:04:33,950 changingslightest changechange 60 00:04:34,130 --> 00:04:38,950 本身就是名词了就可以不要说 changingwith the 61 00:04:38,950 --> 00:04:41,930 slightest change of the numbers 那么 62 00:04:41,960 --> 00:04:49,280 宇宙我们所了解并且需要的这个宇宙它就不会像现在 63 00:04:49,280 --> 00:04:53,480 这样它就不会存在 will not be here I 64 00:04:57,100 --> 00:04:58,300 should say that everything 65 00:05:01,290 --> 00:05:05,980 应该说,所有的一切到目前为止都是刚刚好。 66 00:05:30,410 --> 00:05:32,690 长期而言重 67 00:05:33,240 --> 00:05:40,100 力引力有可能会变得太强大 turn out to be 前面已经说 68 00:05:40,100 --> 00:05:44,900 过了表示事情发展到最后会是什么样的结果呢有可能 69 00:05:44,900 --> 00:05:47,640 会 a little too strong 然后 70 00:05:47,960 --> 00:05:52,660 到了某一天 it may halt the expansion to halt means to 71 00:05:52,660 --> 00:05:58,860 stopabruptly to stop suddenly 有一天它就会突然停止 72 00:05:58,860 --> 00:06:00,540 the expansion of the universe 73 00:06:01,000 --> 00:06:05,220 这个宇宙的膨胀就会突然停止然后就开始 74 00:06:05,800 --> 00:06:11,860 bring it collapsing in upon itselfbring it 表示触 75 00:06:12,210 --> 00:06:16,650 动了触发了这么一个过程然后就开始塌缩 76 00:06:17,130 --> 00:06:22,590 collapse 是倒塌的意思但是它并不是像一堵墙那样倒 77 00:06:22,590 --> 00:06:27,750 塌下来东西就散落在原来墙的那个周围它 78 00:06:27,970 --> 00:06:30,810 是 collapsing in upon itself 79 00:06:31,720 --> 00:06:36,640 按自明意思解释的话就是倒在自己身上其实 80 00:06:36,740 --> 00:06:42,420 呢并不是那个横着倒下来而是越 81 00:06:42,960 --> 00:06:47,640 来越小越来越小所以在天文学上说的是它缩用的是它 82 00:06:47,640 --> 00:06:48,700 缩这么一个词 83 00:06:50,430 --> 00:06:54,990 till it crushes itself downinto another singularity 84 00:06:54,990 --> 00:06:57,660 直到最 85 00:06:58,270 --> 00:07:04,090 后呢它缩成另外一个起点又变成非常非常小的一个起 86 00:07:04,090 --> 00:07:08,830 点 possibly to start the whole process over again 也许 87 00:07:08,830 --> 00:07:15,850 整个的大爆炸膨胀的过程又要重新开始一遍 on 88 00:07:16,840 --> 00:07:21,280 the other hand it may be too weak and the universe will 89 00:07:21,280 --> 00:07:25,680 keep racing away foreveruntil everything is so far 90 00:07:25,680 --> 00:07:29,460 apart that there is no chance of material interaction 91 00:07:29,460 --> 00:07:34,000 so that the universe becomes a place that is inert and 92 00:07:34,000 --> 00:07:37,120 dense but very roomy on 93 00:07:38,940 --> 00:07:39,620 the other hand 94 00:07:40,310 --> 00:07:45,910 反过来另外一种情况前面说的是重力变得太强的情况 95 00:07:45,910 --> 00:07:49,330 那就是吸引力太强了使 96 00:07:49,620 --> 00:07:53,960 得整个宇宙一直不断地塌缩那么另外一种情况呢就是 97 00:07:53,960 --> 00:08:00 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）