第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第4讲S3

1. 老师，讲稿里提到 Tryon 说没人去数过“失败的尝试”，这到底是什么意思？是不是说宇宙诞生其实很容易，只是我们没看到那些没成功的？
2. 这里反复出现的 'modest proposal' 里的 modest 是“谦虚”的意思吗？Tryon 为什么用这个词来描述他的理论，是觉得这个想法很低调吗？
3. Martin Rees 用“大服装店”做类比，这和前面说的“无数个宇宙”有啥联系？为啥找到合身的衣服就不奇怪了，这能说明啥？
4. 为什么讲稿里说宇宙诞生是 'unlikely'（不太可能）的，但最后又说我们刚好住在一个适合生存的宇宙里？这两个观点矛盾吗？
5. 如果真的有无穷多个宇宙，每个宇宙的物理参数都不一样，那为什么我们偏偏在这个宇宙？这是否意味着其他宇宙里根本不可能有生命存在？

1. Teacher, when Tryon said no one counted the 'failed attempts,' what exactly did he mean? Does he imply that universe creation is actually easy, we just haven't seen the failed ones?
2. In the phrase 'modest proposal,' does 'modest' mean humble? Why did Tryon use this word to describe his theory? Is he suggesting the idea is low-key?
3. How does Martin Rees's analogy of a 'large clothing store' connect to the 'countless universes' mentioned earlier? Why does finding a suit that fits not being surprising help explain his point?
4. Why does the script say universe creation is 'unlikely,' yet conclude we happen to live in a universe suitable for life? Are these two points contradictory?
5. If there are infinite universes with different physical parameters, why do we happen to be in this one? Does this mean life is impossible in other universes?

1 00:00:07,470 --> 00:00:11,470 I said what P.Try on of Columbia University once put it. 2 00:00:12,010 --> 00:00:14,990 In answer to the question of why it happened, 3 00:00:15,230 --> 00:00:19,670 I offer the modest proposal that our universe is simply 4 00:00:19,670 --> 00:00:23,070 one of those things which happen from time to time, 5 00:00:23,150 --> 00:00:24,850 to which adds growth. 6 00:00:25,390 --> 00:00:28,650 Although the creation of a universe might be very 7 00:00:28,650 --> 00:00:29,130 unlikely, 8 00:00:29,610 --> 00:00:33,750 Try on emphasized that no one had counted the failed 9 00:00:33,750 --> 00:00:34,330 attempts. 10 00:00:36,480 --> 00:00:41,900 正如哥伦比亚大学的 Edward Petrion 曾经说过的 In 11 00:00:42,160 --> 00:00:43,280 answer to the question 12 00:00:44,380 --> 00:00:51,020 要回答为什么宇宙能够发生要回答这个问题呢 I 13 00:00:51,400 --> 00:00:56,320 offer the modest proposal thatmodest means not 14 00:00:56,320 --> 00:01:02,280 greatproposal 建议我的一些设想 15 00:01:02,340 --> 00:01:07,740 有点像是着见我呢提一个设想那就是就是, 16 00:01:07,740 --> 00:01:11,170 我们的宇宙实际上 is 17 00:01:11,560 --> 00:01:15,520 one of those things which happen from time to time 我们 18 00:01:15,520 --> 00:01:18,620 宇宙只是一个不断在发生的事物, 19 00:01:18,680 --> 00:01:21,500 不断在发生的东西 to 20 00:01:21,720 --> 00:01:26,580 which as Go of 对此做进一步的解释, 21 00:01:26,700 --> 00:01:27,160 他说 22 00:01:28,110 --> 00:01:30,870 Although the creation of universe might be very 23 00:01:30,870 --> 00:01:31,330 unlikely, 24 00:01:31,690 --> 00:01:34,750 unlikely 就像是我们先前说的, 25 00:01:34,790 --> 00:01:36,070 extraordinary 26 00:01:37,570 --> 00:01:38,050 就是 27 00:01:38,590 --> 00:01:43,550 怎么就这么刚好的一个宇宙哪有那么容易的就 28 00:01:43,810 --> 00:01:46,110 这样的一个宇宙的诞生看 29 00:01:46,430 --> 00:01:48,290 起来应该是不 30 00:01:48,380 --> 00:01:53,080 太可能的事情不是很容易就能发生的 unlikely 指的是 31 00:01:53,080 --> 00:01:56,240 不太可能的也就是这是很难很难的 32 00:01:56,790 --> 00:02:00,890 Try on emphasized that no one had counted the failed 33 00:02:00,890 --> 00:02:01,490 attempts 34 00:02:02,290 --> 00:02:05,250 Try on 强调说没有 35 00:02:06,280 --> 00:02:12,520 人去数过到底失败了多少次没有人去数过失败的先例 36 00:02:12,520 --> 00:02:16,880 所以我们之所以有这样的一个宇宙那 37 00:02:17,100 --> 00:02:22,520 是因为已经失败了无数次了嘛总有一次成功的 Mart 38 00:02:24,470 --> 00:02:25,110 in Rees, 39 00:02:25,310 --> 00:02:28,930 Britain's Astronomer Royalbelieves that there are 40 00:02:28,930 --> 00:02:33,270 many universespossibly an infinite numbereach with 41 00:02:33,270 --> 00:02:37,090 different attributes in different combinations and 42 00:02:37,090 --> 00:02:40,830 that we simply live in one that combines things in the 43 00:02:40,830 --> 00:02:43,950 way that allows us to exist 这个 44 00:02:45,070 --> 00:02:49,770 句子的主干结构是 Mart in Rees believes that 后面跟着 45 00:02:49,770 --> 00:02:55,610 一个宾语重句他相信什么什么 and that 又跟着一个宾 46 00:02:55,610 --> 00:03:01,830 语重句他又相信什么什么所以这两个 that 引导的宾语 47 00:03:01,830 --> 00:03:04,790 重句都是 believes 的宾语 48 00:03:06,110 --> 00:03:10,230 英国的皇家天文学家 Mart in Rees 相信 49 00:03:11,650 --> 00:03:17,190 应该是有很多的宇宙也许是无穷多 possibly an 50 00:03:17,190 --> 00:03:21,630 infinite number infinite 之前见过就是无穷无尽的因 51 00:03:21,630 --> 00:03:27,540 为 finite 是有限的而 infinite 那就是无限的 each with 52 00:03:27,540 --> 00:03:33,180 different attributesattributes 是特性特点无 53 00:03:33,570 --> 00:03:38,410 穷多的宇宙每一个宇宙都有各自不同的特点 in 54 00:03:38,410 --> 00:03:42,470 different combinations 有着不同的组合方式 55 00:03:42,470 --> 00:03:49,650 combination 要先看到其中的 combinec o m b i n e 这是动 56 00:03:49,650 --> 00:03:57,170 词 combine 比如 combine theory with practice 把理论和 57 00:03:57,170 --> 00:04:01,650 实践相结合 combine 是结合的意思所以这里说的是但 58 00:04:01,650 --> 00:04:06,740 是每一个宇宙都有各自不同的组合方式 and 59 00:04:07,280 --> 00:04:13,160 that we simply live in one one 是一个代词这个代词指代 60 00:04:13,160 --> 00:04:18,080 的就是 universe we simply live in the universe that 61 00:04:18,080 --> 00:04:22,700 combines things in the way that allows us to exist 而 62 00:04:23,340 --> 00:04:29,720 我们呢之所以生活在这个宇宙里只是刚好它的组合方 63 00:04:29,720 --> 00:04:36,980 式刚好它的物质的组合方式允许我们生存 He 64 00:04:38,710 --> 00:04:43,560 makes an analogy with a very large clothing store 他觉 65 00:04:43,560 --> 00:04:47,650 得他这样说可能令人费解所以他就 makes an 66 00:04:47,650 --> 00:04:53,570 analogyanalogy 意思是类比把不同类的事物 67 00:04:54,170 --> 00:04:59,050 但是有相似之处的放在一起进行类比也就是打个比方 68 00:04:59,050 --> 00:05:00,110 他 69 00:05:00,910 --> 00:05:01,730 就拿 70 00:05:02,020 --> 00:05:03,700 一个 71 00:05:03,800 --> 00:05:10,940 很大的衣服店服装店来打比方 If there is a large stock 72 00:05:10,940 --> 00:05:17,370 of clothing 如果存货够多存货非常多的话 stock 指的 73 00:05:17,370 --> 00:05:18,180 是库存 74 00:05:18,850 --> 00:05:22,990 比如我们可以讲 out of stock If you say something is out 75 00:05:22,990 --> 00:05:28,390 of stock 那就说这个东西已经没货了没有存货了如果 76 00:05:28,390 --> 00:05:32,590 衣服够多的话 You are not surprised to find a suit that 77 00:05:32,590 --> 00:05:34,170 fits 如果 78 00:05:35,550 --> 00:05:42,150 衣服很多很多那你要找到一套衣服能够合身的你要是 79 00:05:42,150 --> 00:05:47,730 找到一套合身的衣服那也就不奇怪了不难找 If there 80 00:05:47,730 --> 00:05:54,230 are many universeseach governed by a differing set of 81 00:05:54,230 --> 00:05:57,670 numbers there will be one where there is a particular 82 00:05:57,670 --> 00:06:00,150 set of numberssuitable to life 83 00:06:01,820 --> 00:06:06,600 同理如果有许多的宇宙而 84 00:06:07,340 --> 00:06:09,380 每一个宇宙呢每 85 00:06:10,050 --> 00:06:14,070 一个宇宙统治管理每一个宇宙的基本数据 86 00:06:14,500 --> 00:06:21,830 有的各不相同这个 numbers 其实就是之前说的 values 87 00:06:23,340 --> 00:06:26,680 几个参数值都各自不同 88 00:06:34,400 --> 00:06:37,020 那么其中一个其 89 00:06:37,220 --> 00:06:43,000 中总会碰到一个它的基本数值的组合刚好适合生命的 90 00:06:43,000 --> 00:06:49,860 当生 We are in that one 我们就生活在这样的一个宇宙中