第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第3讲S3
课程:《万物简史》慕课教程(WANWUJS001)主讲:余俊英副教授(数字人)词汇 6 条句型 2 条要点 0 条
二、核心词汇(6)
| 词条 | 释义 / 讲解 |
|---|
| latch on to | 本意抓住,此处指理解、掌握。例:latch on to a fortune(得到一笔财富)。 |
| ungraspable | adj. 无法理解的。文中指数字之大令人难以想象。 |
| propound | v. 提出(理论、观点等)。此处为过去分词作后置定语,修饰idea。 |
| by one's own admission | 据某人自己承认。用于引出当事人对自己情况的客观描述。 |
| none other than | 正是……;竟是……。用于强调某人身份出人意料或重要。 |
| inspire | v. 激发,鼓舞。名词为inspiration(灵感)。文中指讲座启发了Guth。 |
三、句型与语法点(2)
| 要点 | 说明 |
|---|
| what引导的名词性从句 | most of what we know...作主语,what引导宾语从句,意为“我们所了解的(知识)”。 |
| except that | 要不是……;除了……之外。引导让步状语从句,表示转折。 |
四、课堂讨论题
1. 讲稿里说 'latching on to' 是 '抓住/得到' 的意思,但在 'latching on to one' 这里,它具体是指抓住那个数字本身,还是指理解这个数字背后的含义呀?
2. 文中提到 'ungraspable and amazing breadth','breath' 在这里被解释为 'length'(长度),但在宇宙学的语境下,它是指时间跨度还是空间范围呢?
3. 作者用了 'none other than Robert Dickey' 来介绍这位物理学家,这个 'none other than' 除了表示 '正是/就是' 之外,在语气上有什么特别的强调效果吗?
4. 为什么作者说 Guth 的 'great theory' 差点就没能诞生,非要 'except that' 他去听了那场讲座?这说明了灵感来源具有怎样的偶然性?
5. 文中提到 'most of what we know... is attributed to an idea',这里的 'idea' 特指 'inflation theory'(暴涨理论)。这个理论的核心观点和我们常识里的宇宙膨胀有什么本质区别?
五、Discussion Questions (English)
1. When the text says 'latching on to' means 'getting' or 'grasping', does 'latching on to one' here mean physically holding the number, or understanding what it implies?
2. The text explains 'breath' as 'length' in 'ungraspable and amazing breadth'. In the context of cosmology, does this refer to the span of time or the extent of space?
3. The author uses 'none other than Robert Dickey' to introduce the physicist. Besides meaning 'exactly', does this phrase carry any specific emphasis or surprise in tone?
4. Why does the author say Guth's 'great theory' almost wouldn't have happened unless 'except that' he attended that lecture? What does this suggest about the nature of inspiration?
5. The text states 'most of what we know... is attributed to an idea', specifically 'inflation theory'. What is the fundamental difference between this theory and the common understanding of universal expansion?
六、听力 / 讲稿全文
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We mustn't swoon over every extraordinary number that
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comes before us,
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but it is perhaps worth latching on to one from time to
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time,
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just to be reminded of their ungraspable and amazing
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breadth.
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每次看到这些异乎寻常惊人的数字,
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我们也不要每次都大惊小怪,
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不要每次就那么晕厥过去。
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可见作者已经预想到我们刚才看到那个数字的时候是
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什么样的感受了。
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但是他说也不要每次都那么晕厥过去但是 but it is
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perhaps worth latching on tolatching on to 本意是指获
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得得到 to get hold ofobtain 比如说 latched on to a
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fortune in a fair tradelatched on to 就是得到了得到了
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a fortune 得到了一大笔钱
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那这个 latching on to 既然是得到取得的那就相当于是
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gr asping 就是抓住其实也就是理解的意思但也许时不
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时的搞清楚那么一两个数字还是值得的 letting on to
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one 这个 one 是一个代词它的指代对象就是前面的
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extraordinary number 就这么一个天文数字我们时
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不时的也应该花点力气搞清楚那么一两个 just to be
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reminded of their ungraspable and amazing
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breathbreath means length 就是长度这样呢我们才能
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够真正理解他们男人无法了解无法想象的令人惊异的
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长度 th us10
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to the power of 4010 to the power of minus 43 is 0.
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0000 我不读了
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一千万兆兆兆分之一秒
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这个句子还是下划线的部分是主干结构我们所了解的
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大部分知识
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多数都是归功于某一个理念某一个观点现在我们来具
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体来看这个 most of what we know 后面还跟着一些东西
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or believe we knowabout the early moments of the
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universe 这个 know 后面应该跟上 about 就是了解了解
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哪一方面的东西呢就是关于宇宙早期的知识就是有关
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宇宙早期的各种状况如今我们所了解我们所知道的或
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者我们认为自己知道的都
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大部分都归功于一个叫做暴涨理论的膨胀理论的一个
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ide a 那现在这个 inflation theory
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后面还有定语这个是后制定语
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过去分词做后制定语 first propounded in
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1979propounded means proposed or suggested 就是提出
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它
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是于 1979 年由一位年轻的粒子物理学家首先提出的
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junior 年
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轻的跟它相反的就是 senior 年老的我们尊称为资深的
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senior 是 s e n i o rparticle physicist
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粒子物理学家那
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后面这些信息还是关于这个粒子物理学家的一些具体
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的信息他当时在斯坦福现在在 M IT 就是麻省理工学院
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Named Alan Guth 名字叫做 Alan Guth He
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was 32 years old and by his own admission had never done
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anything much before 他
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当时 32 岁而且他自己也承认
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根据他自己的承认他自认以前在学术上乏善可成
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没做过什么 had never done anything much before he
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would probably never had his great theoryexcept that
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he happened to attend a lecture on the Big Banggiven by
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none other than Robert Dickeyexcept that 要不是要不
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是他正好参加了正好听了一场关于大爆炸的讲座的话
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他这辈子恐怕
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不可能提出他的伟大理论 except that 要不是怎样的话
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比如 the exam went pretty wellexcept that I misread the
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final question 要不是最后一道题我看错的话那这个
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考试还是挺顺利的 I
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would buy the suitexcept that it costs too much 要不是
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这么贵的话我是会买这个衣服的
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好我们现在回到这个句子
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Except that he happened to attend a lecture on the Big
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Banggiven by none other than Robert Dickey
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刚才我们还没有说这个 lecture 这个 lecture 后面还有
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过去分词做定语来修饰这个 lecture 这个 lecture 是谁
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给谁讲的呢这个讲座是谁
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谁发表的这个讲座呢 N
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one other than Robert Dickey 正是我们前面提到过的那
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个普林斯顿大学的科学团队的领队 Robert Dickey
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other than
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这个词组 other than means apart from or besides
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比如 other than one sister she has no close relatives 除
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了一个姐妹以外她就没有什么近亲了没有什么亲近的
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亲属了 He doesn't eat pork,
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but other than that,he'll eat just about everything
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他不吃猪肉,但除此之外,
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他几乎什么都吃所以 other than 是指除此之外那么 n
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one other than 就
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正好跟他是相反了,
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n one 把他否定了那就正巧就是这个 The interviewer
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was none other than his own brother 那个
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采访他的人正是他自己的兄弟所以这里就是不是别人
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正是那位 Robert Dickey
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这场讲
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座给了 Guth 很大的启发 inspired someone 指的是激发
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了
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启发了什么人所以这个词的名词 inspiration 就是灵
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感的意思给启发了启
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……(后略,完整文稿见视频页字幕)
本素材由艾智语途工场自动整理,仅供教学使用。配套视频:https://www.icclass.cn/VideoPlayer_ECom?id=10278
七、课堂练习(AI 生成)
1. 在课堂练习中,如果老师问你“latch on to a new concept”是什么意思,结合材料,下列翻译最准确的是?
A. 抓住一个新概念
B. 理解并掌握一个新概念
C. 放弃一个新概念
D. 忽略一个新概念
答案:B · 根据材料,“latch on to”在此处指理解、掌握。
2. 句子“Most of what we know about the universe is still a mystery.”中,“what we know”作介词of的宾语,此处what的含义是?
A. 什么
B. 我们所了解的(知识)
C. 为什么
D. 怎么样
答案:B · 材料指出what在此引导名词性从句,意为“我们所了解的(知识)”。
3. 阅读材料中出现了“the propound idea”,其中propound作后置定语修饰idea,结合词性可知该词意为?
A. 提出(理论、观点等)
B. 拒绝
C. 隐藏
D. 质疑
答案:A · 根据板书要点,propound为动词,意为提出理论或观点等。
4. 老师讲解短语“by his own admission”时,指出该短语用于引出当事人对自己情况的客观描述,下列翻译正确的是?
A. 据他自己承认
B. 被他自己拒绝
C. 由他自己决定
D. 被他自己发现
答案:A · 材料明确说明该短语意为“据某人自己承认”。
5. 课堂练习中,句子“It was none other than the famous scientist who gave the lecture.”意在强调演讲者的身份,此处none other than的意思是?
A. 绝不是
B. 正是
C. 类似于
D. 不同于
答案:B · 根据材料,none other than用于强调某人身份出人意料或重要,意为“正是”。