第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第1讲S6

1. 老师，讲稿里说 '98 of all the matter... has been produced'，这里的 'matter' 具体是指什么呀？是像桌子椅子这种实物，还是包括光、能量这些呢？
2. 文中提到 'notoriously difficult to measure'，'notoriously' 这个词通常带点贬义，为什么在这里用来形容测量宇宙年龄这件事很难？
3. 'consensus' 和 'debate' 在文中都出现了，既然宇宙学家们一直在 'debate'，为什么最后又达成了 'consensus' 说是 137 亿年？这两者矛盾吗？
4. 老师，为什么要把宇宙大爆炸比作 'making a sandwich'？用做三明治的时间来类比，是想强调大爆炸发生的速度有多快，还是别的什么意思？
5. 讲稿最后说 'It is wrong to think of the singularity as a pregnant dot hanging in the void'，这个 'pregnant dot' 到底是个什么比喻？为什么作者认为这种想法是错的呢？

1. Teacher, when the script says '98 of all the matter... has been produced', what exactly does 'matter' refer to here? Does it mean physical objects like tables and chairs, or does it include things like light and energy too?
2. The text mentions that it is 'notoriously difficult to measure'. Since 'notoriously' usually has a negative connotation, why is it used to describe the difficulty of measuring the age of the universe?
3. 'Consensus' and 'debate' both appear in the text. Since cosmologists have been 'debating', why did they finally reach a 'consensus' of 13.7 billion years? Aren't these two concepts contradictory?
4. Teacher, why is the Big Bang compared to 'making a sandwich'? Is using the time it takes to make a sandwich meant to emphasize how fast the Big Bang happened, or is there another meaning?
5. The script ends with 'It is wrong to think of the singularity as a pregnant dot hanging in the void'. What exactly is this 'pregnant dot' metaphor? Why does the author think this idea is incorrect?

1 00:00:10,420 --> 00:00:12,180 In three minutes,98 2 00:00:12,860 --> 00:00:17,520 of all the matter there is or will ever be has been 3 00:00:17,520 --> 00:00:19,380 produced,在 4 00:00:21,170 --> 00:00:24,150 最初的三分钟里面,all 5 00:00:24,470 --> 00:00:27,610 the matter there is or will ever be 指 6 00:00:27,860 --> 00:00:34,100 的是目前我们存在的所有的物质, 7 00:00:34,160 --> 00:00:39,300 或者说将来会存在的所有的物质, 8 00:00:39,360 --> 00:00:40,540 其中的 98 9 00:00:41,440 --> 00:00:43,100 就已经被生成了。 10 00:00:43,100 --> 00:00:45,120 创造出来了 We 11 00:00:45,250 --> 00:00:50,030 have a universe 我们就这样拥有了一个宇宙 It 12 00:00:50,190 --> 00:00:54,290 is a place of the most wondrous and gratifying 13 00:00:54,290 --> 00:00:54,730 possibility 14 00:00:55,470 --> 00:01:00,770 这个地方充满着无限的可能它 15 00:01:01,570 --> 00:01:06,950 是 wondrouswondrous 跟 wonderful 是差不多的非常奇 16 00:01:06,950 --> 00:01:07,310 妙 17 00:01:07,390 --> 00:01:11,890 非常美妙的 and gratifyinggr atifying means pleasing 18 00:01:11,890 --> 00:01:15,290 and satisfying 令人愉悦的, 19 00:01:15,350 --> 00:01:22,010 令人满意的有这个地方充满着无限可能它是那么令人 20 00:01:22,010 --> 00:01:27,370 惊异,令人愉悦而且也是非常美丽 And 21 00:01:28,460 --> 00:01:32,540 it was all done in about the time it takes to make a 22 00:01:32,540 --> 00:01:32,920 sandwich 23 00:01:33,920 --> 00:01:37,140 而所有的这些又是在制 24 00:01:37,530 --> 00:01:42,790 作一个三明治的时间里面完成的就那么三分钟就是 25 00:01:46,370 --> 00:01:46,730 这样 26 00:01:47,930 --> 00:01:51,870 10 的 43 次方秒在 27 00:01:51,940 --> 00:01:56,380 这么一个短暂的时间里产生了一些东西然后 28 00:01:59,040 --> 00:02:04,420 我们再看它的时间在刚刚三分钟的时候几乎所有的东 29 00:02:04,420 --> 00:02:08,120 西所有的元素都已经出现了 When 30 00:02:12,310 --> 00:02:15,870 this moment happened is a matter of some debate 31 00:02:15,870 --> 00:02:20,410 Cosmologists have long argued over whether the moment 32 00:02:20,410 --> 00:02:20,990 of creation 33 00:02:23,490 --> 00:02:27,650 or twice that or something in between the 34 00:02:28,000 --> 00:02:32,600 consensus seems to beheading for a figure of about13. 35 00:02:32,920 --> 00:02:35,260 7 billion years but 36 00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:39,960 these things are notoriouslyd ifficult to measure as 37 00:02:39,960 --> 00:02:42,400 we shall see further on all 38 00:02:42,430 --> 00:02:46,890 that can really be said is that at someindeterminate 39 00:02:46,890 --> 00:02:51,710 point in the very distant past for some reasons unknown 40 00:02:51,710 --> 00:02:57,230 there came the momentknown to science as T equals zero 41 00:02:57,230 --> 00:03:01,080 We were on our way When 42 00:03:03,230 --> 00:03:07,680 this moment happened 这是主语就 43 00:03:07,740 --> 00:03:11,740 这个时刻到底是什么时候发生的 This 44 00:03:11,810 --> 00:03:16,190 is a matter of some debate 这是一个有争议的问题 45 00:03:16,190 --> 00:03:20,890 debate 是辩论 a matter of some debate 是一个有争议的 46 00:03:20,890 --> 00:03:25,370 问题 Cosmologists have long argued 47 00:03:26,550 --> 00:03:33,870 宇宙学家们长期以来一直争论不休一直在争论说到底 48 00:03:33,870 --> 00:03:35,230 这个 49 00:03:35,330 --> 00:03:41,960 宇宙诞生的时刻是 10 billion years ago100 亿年前还是 50 00:03:41,960 --> 00:03:44,880 twice thattwice that, 51 00:03:44,980 --> 00:03:47,040 that 指的是什么呢就是 52 00:03:47,100 --> 00:03:51,740 前面的 10 billion years ago 也就是是 100 亿年前呢还是 53 00:03:51,740 --> 00:03:57,580 200 亿年前或者是 something in between 还是居于二者 54 00:03:57,580 --> 00:03:59,980 之间的某一个时刻呢 the 55 00:04:00,270 --> 00:04:05,510 consensus seems to be heading forconsensus 是指一致 56 00:04:05,510 --> 00:04:10,470 的意见 agreement 大家基本上都能够搭成一致的一个 57 00:04:10,470 --> 00:04:11,230 意见就是 58 00:04:12,400 --> 00:04:16,000 seems to be heading for 一致的意见差不多 heading for 59 00:04:16,000 --> 00:04:19,900 表示朝着这个方向就大概是这样的一个数字一个 60 00:04:19,900 --> 00:04:21,600 figurefigure 就是数字 61 00:04:22,730 --> 00:04:27,720 大概是 137 亿年 But 62 00:04:29,160 --> 00:04:33,760 these things are notoriously difficult to measure 但 63 00:04:33,760 --> 00:04:37,700 这些东西呢实在是太难以测 64 00:04:37,730 --> 00:04:43,010 量了天文学上的一个误差一下子就是几百亿那 65 00:04:44,520 --> 00:04:49,440 这里 not oriously 我们先要知道中间的 notorious It 66 00:04:49,440 --> 00:04:56,660 means famous for something bad 就是著名的但是是由于 67 00:04:56,660 --> 00:05:01,660 一些比较不好的情况而著名所以天文学上的一些数字 68 00:05:01,660 --> 00:05:05,980 数字像宇宙的诞生这个东西实在太难测量这是众所周 69 00:05:05,980 --> 00:05:09,260 知的所以 not oriously 这个就是大家都知道 70 00:05:09,810 --> 00:05:13,470 这特别难测量 as we shall see further on 71 00:05:13,990 --> 00:05:20,150 我们在后面的文章中还能再看到就是还会再提到这些 72 00:05:20,150 --> 00:05:22,530 关于天文学上的这些数字 73 00:05:23,870 --> 00:05:31,480 all that can really be said is that 那实在是难以确定所 74 00:05:31,480 --> 00:05:38,170 以我们所能说的我们所能肯定地说的那就是什么呢 at 75 00:05:38,170 --> 00:05:42,970 some indeterminate point in the very distant past 只能 76 00:05:42,970 --> 00:05:46,570 说是在遥远的过去在 77 00:05:46,950 --> 00:05:52,150 某一个不确定的时刻 indeterminate pointdetermine 78 00:05:52,150 --> 00:05:54,830 是确定 determinate 形容词 79 00:05:55,490 --> 00:05:59,010 那么 indeterminate 就是不确定的时刻 For 80 00:05:59,040 --> 00:06:04,900 some reasons unknown 出于某些未知的原因 There came 81 00:06:04,900 --> 00:06:09,000 the momentknown to science as t equals zero 82 00:06:09,580 --> 00:06:11,100 在遥远的过去 83 00:06:11,750 --> 00:06:15,010 那某一个不确定的时刻出于未知的原因 84 00:06:17,500 --> 00:06:23,940 科学界所知的 t 等于 0 这个时刻就到来了那 85 00:06:25,450 --> 00:06:28,030 t 等于 0 是什么意思呢在 86 00:06:28,350 --> 00:06:34,430 发射火箭或者发射卫星的时候我们会做倒计时你可以 87 00:06:34,430 --> 00:06:35,750 想象会有一个表 88 00:06:36,390 --> 00:06:39,930 首先这个表上面是 t 减 89 00:06:40,500 --> 00:06:47,000 去 10 就是从 10 秒的时候倒计时然后可以说是 t 等于 10 90 00:06:47,000 --> 00:06:56,550 然后 t 等于 9 它就一秒钟又闪一下闪一下所以 t 10 t 9 然 91 00:06:56,550 --> 00:07:07,170 后最后倒计时最后 3211 完了以后呢就是 t equals 0t 等 92 00:07:07,170 --> 00:07:09,990 于 0 这个时刻就到了 t 等于 0 就是 93 00:07:11,020 --> 00:07:14,280 火箭发射升空的那个时刻这个 94 00:07:14,920 --> 00:07:19,300 时刻过去以后呢这个表还是继续跳的接下去跳的就是 95 00:07:19,300 --> 00:07:26,630 t 等于 1t 等于 2 表示升空以后的第一秒第二秒第三秒所 96 00:07:26,630 --> 00:07:27,140 以 97 00:07:27,970 --> 00:07:33,350 科学界所谓的 T 等于 0 这个时刻指的就是宇宙大爆炸的 98 00:07:33,350 --> 00:07:39,970 那一个时刻那个时刻就到来了 We were on our way Now 99 00:07:41,730 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）