第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第1讲S5

1. 讲稿里说宇宙大爆炸那一瞬间是 'blinding pulse'，这里的 pulse 除了指脉搏，在物理学语境下具体是指什么现象？为什么用 blinding（致盲的）来形容？
2. 文中提到 'much too swift and expansive for any form of words'，为什么作者认为语言无法描述那个时刻？swiftness 和 expansiveness 在这里分别强调了什么？
3. 'The singularity assumes heavenly dimensions' 这句话里的 'assumes' 是什么意思？为什么原本没有空间的奇点突然就拥有了 'heavenly dimensions'（天地般的维度）？
4. 讲稿里说宇宙学家要把第一秒 'shave into ever finer wafers'，这个比喻很形象，为什么必须把一秒切得这么细？'wafers' 在这里指代的是时间还是空间？
5. 在不到一分钟时，宇宙产生了氢、氦和微量的锂。为什么核反应主要产生的是轻元素（lighter elements），而不是像铁、金这样的重元素？

1. In the context of the Big Bang, what does 'pulse' specifically refer to here, and why is it described as 'blinding'?
2. Why does the author say the moment was 'much too swift and expansive for any form of words'? What do 'swift' and 'expansive' emphasize respectively?
3. What does 'assumes' mean in 'The singularity assumes heavenly dimensions'? Why did the singularity suddenly acquire such vast dimensions?
4. Why do cosmologists need to 'shave' the first second into 'ever finer wafers'? Does 'wafers' refer to time or space in this metaphor?
5. Why did nuclear reactions in the early universe primarily create lighter elements like hydrogen and helium, rather than heavier ones like iron or gold?

1 00:00:05,550 --> 00:00:10,770 And so,from nothing,our universe begins.In 2 00:00:13,490 --> 00:00:15,610 a single,blinding pulse, 3 00:00:15,950 --> 00:00:17,510 a moment of glory, 4 00:00:17,850 --> 00:00:21,670 much too swift and expansive for any form of words, 5 00:00:21,930 --> 00:00:25,670 the singularity assumes heavenly dimensions, 6 00:00:26,150 --> 00:00:28,210 space beyond conception. 7 00:00:29,810 --> 00:00:32,230 Pulse 是脉冲 8 00:00:33,010 --> 00:00:38,060 也可以指我们手上那个脉搏或者脖颈上可以摸到的那 9 00:00:38,060 --> 00:00:44,930 个脉搏脉冲指的是突然增强的一股电流啊什么的这样 10 00:00:44,930 --> 00:00:46,330 突然增强的一个波 11 00:00:47,040 --> 00:00:51,080 So in a single blinding pulse 指的是宇宙大爆炸的时候 12 00:00:51,600 --> 00:00:58,140 就那么一下突然增强的那么一下 Blinding 是指令 13 00:00:58,240 --> 00:01:03,610 人眼睛都看不见的因为在那个时刻有很多的光和热那 14 00:01:03,610 --> 00:01:04,120 个 15 00:01:05,080 --> 00:01:10,040 时刻呢是 a moment of glorymuch too swift and expensive 16 00:01:10,040 --> 00:01:15,840 for any form of words 那是一个辉煌的时刻 glory 是光辉 17 00:01:15,920 --> 00:01:17,660 辉煌而 18 00:01:18,970 --> 00:01:24,530 那个时刻的发生又是如此的迅速 swift means fast, 19 00:01:24,870 --> 00:01:30,410 quick and expensiveexpansive expand 是扩张那么 20 00:01:30,410 --> 00:01:36,480 expansive 指的是规模如此的宏大发生的速度又是如 21 00:01:36,480 --> 00:01:42,880 此之快所以没有任何形式的语言能够描述 much too 22 00:01:42,880 --> 00:01:46,780 swift and expensive for any form of words 是语言所无法 23 00:01:46,780 --> 00:01:50,460 描述的那种快速那种规模之宏大 24 00:01:51,860 --> 00:01:56,360 the singularity assumes heavenly dimensions 就那么 25 00:01:56,360 --> 00:01:56,720 一下 26 00:01:57,810 --> 00:02:04,250 这个起点就开始拥有了天地之大 Dimensions 还是我们 27 00:02:04,250 --> 00:02:06,470 刚才说的那个维 28 00:02:06,790 --> 00:02:11,530 度本来呢它不是几乎没有什么 Dimensions 现在已经拥 29 00:02:11,530 --> 00:02:16,610 有了 Heavenly Dimensions Heaven 当然我们知道是天堂 30 00:02:16,610 --> 00:02:21,370 但是它也并不只有天堂这个意思它可以指的就是天空 31 00:02:21,370 --> 00:02:26,870 Heavenly 我们这里这个是日常生活中的用语并不是科 32 00:02:26,870 --> 00:02:33,150 学上的用语我们就把它理解为是一个宇宙天地这样 33 00:02:34,720 --> 00:02:39,220 assumes 这个 assume 就是我们刚才说的 take upon 34 00:02:39,220 --> 00:02:39,620 itself 35 00:02:41,530 --> 00:02:42,010 原 36 00:02:42,080 --> 00:02:47,160 先这个 singularity 它一点空间都不占用现在呢它就 37 00:02:47,160 --> 00:02:52,640 拥有了 heavenly dimensions 它就拥有了天地之大这是 38 00:02:52,640 --> 00:02:54,320 一个 space beyond conception 39 00:02:56,060 --> 00:03:01,120 这是一个我们无法想象的一个空间这个空间是如此之 40 00:03:01,120 --> 00:03:03,740 大是无法想象的 conception 41 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:08,400 我们先知道它的动词就是 conceive 42 00:03:09,090 --> 00:03:13,470 比如说 the ancients conceived the earth as a float in 43 00:03:13,470 --> 00:03:21,210 water 古人呢认为地球是在水中漂浮着的所以这个 44 00:03:21,210 --> 00:03:26,570 conceive 是指形成一种观念叫 conceive 那我们还知道 45 00:03:26,570 --> 00:03:32,070 concept 也是这个名词 concept 就是概念 conception 46 00:03:32,630 --> 00:03:35,030 形成一个概念就是 47 00:03:36,280 --> 00:03:41,160 这个空间是如此之大我们几乎都无法想象无法形成概 48 00:03:41,160 --> 00:03:43,820 念所以 beyond conception 相当于是 beyond 49 00:03:43,820 --> 00:03:44,900 imagination 50 00:03:50,230 --> 00:03:54,490 in the first lively second a second that many 51 00:03:54,490 --> 00:03:58,710 cosmologists will devote careers to shaving into ever 52 00:03:58,710 --> 00:04:02,710 finer wafers It produces the gravity and the other 53 00:04:02,710 --> 00:04:07,010 forces that govern physics In less than a minute the 54 00:04:07,010 --> 00:04:10,950 universe is a million billion miles across and growing 55 00:04:10,950 --> 00:04:12,610 fast There 56 00:04:12,640 --> 00:04:17,420 is a lot of heat now10 billion degrees of itenough to 57 00:04:17,420 --> 00:04:20,560 begin the nuclear reactions that create the lighter 58 00:04:20,560 --> 00:04:25,460 elementspr incipally hydrogen and heliumwith a dash 59 00:04:25,460 --> 00:04:30,220 about one atom in a hundred million of lithium 第一 60 00:04:31,540 --> 00:04:35,540 句先看画线的部分这是主干 In 61 00:04:36,180 --> 00:04:40,320 the first lively second is produced the gravity and the 62 00:04:40,320 --> 00:04:44,960 other forces that govern physics 这是一个导装句真正 63 00:04:44,960 --> 00:04:49,450 的主语实际上是这里也就是引力 64 00:04:50,550 --> 00:04:55,890 以及支配整个物理世界的其他的力 govern 65 00:04:56,590 --> 00:04:59,330 是支配管理的意思引 66 00:05:00,420 --> 00:05:05,240 力和支配管理整个物理世界的其他的各种力 is 67 00:05:05,240 --> 00:05:11,000 produced in the first lively second 就是在那第一秒钟 68 00:05:11,000 --> 00:05:16,120 那充满活力的第一秒钟里面诞生的好 69 00:05:16,530 --> 00:05:21,290 现在再看括号中的部分这第一秒是什么样的一秒呢 a 70 00:05:21,290 --> 00:05:25,770 second that many cosmologists will devote careers to 71 00:05:25,770 --> 00:05:27,970 shaving into every final wafers 72 00:05:29,340 --> 00:05:32,660 这个句子里面有很多的词汇先需要解释一下 73 00:05:32,660 --> 00:05:37,580 Cosmologists 前面我们见过 Cosmos 就是宇宙 74 00:05:37,580 --> 00:05:43,740 Cosmologists 就是宇宙学所以这里指的是宇宙学家宇 75 00:05:43,740 --> 00:05:49,340 宙学是天文学的一个分支研究的是宇宙的起源宇宙的 76 00:05:49,340 --> 00:05:50,340 结构这样的 77 00:05:51,200 --> 00:05:58,240 许多的天文学家都会 devote careers to 都会付出毕生 78 00:05:58,240 --> 00:05:59,840 的精力去 79 00:06:00,480 --> 00:06:06,060 做一件什么事呢 Shaving into ever finer wafers Shave 80 00:06:06,060 --> 00:06:10,540 是指用刨刀削把什么东西削成薄片 81 00:06:12,820 --> 00:06:17,620 这个到底是要削什么呢就是这个 second 就有许多的宇 82 00:06:17,620 --> 00:06:23,460 宙学家会付出毕生的精力去把这个第一秒钟要把它分 83 00:06:23,460 --> 00:06:29,420 解成非常非常薄的 Ever finer wafers Fine 是指细微的 84 00:06:29,420 --> 00:06:31,040 细小的 W 85 00:06:31,940 --> 00:06:38,100 avers W avers 就是微化饼微化饼干就是薄薄的一片一 86 00:06:38,100 --> 00:06:38,760 片的那种 87 00:06:39,860 --> 00:06:44,460 所以因为在这个第一秒钟里面实在发生了太多事情 88 00:06:45,400 --> 00:06:50,900 所以宇宙学家呢需要把这一秒钟再细分成很小很小的 89 00:06:50,900 --> 00:06:55,980 部分这样我们才能知道在这个第一秒钟的第一个小部 90 00:06:55,980 --> 00:07:00,440 分里面发生了什么然后又发生了什么因为如果仅仅以 91 00:07:00,440 --> 00:07:04,820 一秒为单位的话那没法说了因为这一秒钟里边发生的 92 00:07:04,820 --> 00:07:06,940 事情实在太多了 In 93 00:07:08,800 --> 00:07:13,140 less than a minute the universe is a million billion 94 00:07:13,140 --> 00:07:15,700 miles across and growing fast 95 00:07:16,620 --> 00:07:22,300 Across 指的是从这一头到另外一头我们 96 00:07:22,620 --> 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）