第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第1讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说宇宙膨胀时不是去填充一个更大的‘虚空’（emptiness），而是创造空间。那‘虚空’和‘空间’在这里到底有啥区别？为啥不能说外面本来就有个大坑等着宇宙去填？
2. 我注意到 'spectacle' 既指‘奇观’又指‘眼镜’，这两个意思差别挺大的。除了这个词，还有哪些英语单词是一词多义或者词性变化很大的？
3. 讲稿里对比了 'pop into being' 和 'come into being'。既然意思差不多，为啥要用 'pop' 这个词？它在语气上或者画面感上有什么特别之处吗？
4. 为什么说把起点想象成一个悬浮在黑暗虚空中的‘孕点’（pregnant dot）是错的？既然起点蕴含无限可能，为什么它不能像婴儿在妈妈肚子里那样，有一个‘周围’或者‘背景’呢？
5. 老师提到 'time doesn't exist there'，所以没法问起点存在多久。那如果连时间都没有，我们平时用的 'forever'（永远）或者 'lately'（最近）这些词，在描述宇宙起源时为什么就失效了呢？

1. Teacher, the script says the universe isn't expanding into a larger 'emptiness' but creating space. What's the real difference between 'emptiness' and 'space' here? Why can't we imagine there's a big empty hole outside waiting for the universe to fill it?
2. I noticed that 'spectacle' means both 'wonder' and 'glasses'. Besides this word, are there other English words with multiple meanings or significant changes in part of speech?
3. The script contrasts 'pop into being' with 'come into being'. Since they mean roughly the same thing, why use 'pop'? What's the specific nuance or imagery it adds?
4. Why is it wrong to imagine the singularity as a 'pregnant dot' floating in a dark void? If the singularity contains infinite possibilities, why can't it have a 'surrounding' or 'background' like a baby in the womb?
5. Teacher, you mentioned that since 'time doesn't exist there', we can't ask how long the singularity has existed. If there is no time, why do words like 'forever' or 'lately' become invalid when describing the origin of the universe?

1 00:00:06,390 --> 00:00:10,720 Get ready for a really big bang Naturally, 2 00:00:10,920 --> 00:00:15,080 you will wish to retire to a safe place to observe the 3 00:00:15,080 --> 00:00:17,280 spectacle Unf ortunately, 4 00:00:17,680 --> 00:00:21,700 there is nowhere to retire tobecause outside the 5 00:00:21,700 --> 00:00:22,500 singularity, 6 00:00:22,560 --> 00:00:27,500 there is nowhere When the universe begins to expand it 7 00:00:27,500 --> 00:00:31,680 won't be spreading out to fill a larger emptiness The 8 00:00:31,680 --> 00:00:33,320 only space that exists 9 00:00:38,210 --> 00:00:42,190 无论是哪一种情况也就是不管你想要建造的是 10 00:00:42,190 --> 00:00:46,230 inflationary universe 还是 the big bang universe 11 00:00:46,970 --> 00:00:51,510 总之 get ready for a really big bang 就等着一场大爆炸 12 00:00:51,510 --> 00:00:56,230 吧 bang 是一个相声词就是 bomb 爆炸的那一声 13 00:00:56,870 --> 00:01:00,810 很自然的你肯定想要 retire to a safe place 14 00:01:01,440 --> 00:01:08,180 退到一个安全的地方 retire 是撤退退休也可以用这个 15 00:01:08,180 --> 00:01:13,960 词退到一个安全的地方来观看这么一场奇观 observe 16 00:01:13,960 --> 00:01:18,620 the spectaclespectacle 指的是奇异的景象 17 00:01:23,050 --> 00:01:30,390 形容词 spectacular 就是很壮观的奇丽的 spectator 是 18 00:01:30,390 --> 00:01:35,810 指观众 spectacle 我们刚才说了指的是奇异的景象但 19 00:01:35,810 --> 00:01:41,220 是有的时候你看到它是复数这时候它可能不是指奇异 20 00:01:41,220 --> 00:01:46,980 的景象而是眼镜所以我们可以看到这些词呢都跟看有 21 00:01:46,980 --> 00:01:47,600 关系 22 00:01:51,650 --> 00:01:58,230 很遗憾的是呢根本无处可退 23 00:02:01,230 --> 00:02:08,330 在起点之外什么也没有没有空间可言 When the 24 00:02:08,330 --> 00:02:09,730 universe begins to expand, 25 00:02:10,110 --> 00:02:13,110 it won't be spreading out to fill a larger emptiness 26 00:02:14,880 --> 00:02:17,720 宇宙开始膨胀的时候, 27 00:02:18,060 --> 00:02:24,060 它并不是一路膨胀出去充满着一个更广大的虚空, 28 00:02:24,180 --> 00:02:27,500 emptiness 并不是说外面是一个 emptiness, 29 00:02:27,740 --> 00:02:31,100 然后你去充满它实际上呢, 30 00:02:31,120 --> 00:02:35,860 the only space that exists is the space it creates as it 31 00:02:35,860 --> 00:02:36,180 goes 32 00:02:37,730 --> 00:02:44,330 唯一的空间就是宇宙在爆炸过程中所创造出来的空间 33 00:02:44,330 --> 00:02:47,370 在此之外就没有空间可言了 34 00:03:09,820 --> 00:03:12,700 No place for it to be To 35 00:03:13,500 --> 00:03:15,260 visualize means to imagine 36 00:03:17,090 --> 00:03:23,690 V isualize 有很多同根词意思都是跟看有关 V isual 形 37 00:03:23,780 --> 00:03:26,960 容词视觉的比如 38 00:03:27,090 --> 00:03:34,410 说 visual pollution 视觉污染 Vision 名词指视力或者 39 00:03:34,410 --> 00:03:40,470 视野视力比如 The boy was born with poor vision 这孩子 40 00:03:40,470 --> 00:03:42,690 天生视力不好 The 41 00:03:43,560 --> 00:03:49,600 man is a leader of vision 就是这个人是一个很有远见的 42 00:03:49,600 --> 00:03:51,560 领导 V 43 00:03:52,320 --> 00:03:57,480 isible 是形容词表示可以看见的相应的它的名词就是 44 00:03:57,480 --> 00:03:58,440 V isibility 45 00:03:59,400 --> 00:04:05,780 能见度或者可见度 Invisible 是前面 V isible 的否定就 46 00:04:05,780 --> 00:04:11,960 是看不见的 Invisibility 就是它相应的名词形式哈 47 00:04:12,280 --> 00:04:17,360 利波特拥有一件 invisibility cloak 那就是一件隐形 48 00:04:17,360 --> 00:04:20,780 衣穿上以后别人就看不见它了 49 00:04:22,860 --> 00:04:27,840 So it is natural but wrong to see the singularity or to 50 00:04:27,840 --> 00:04:31,680 regard or to imagine the singularity as a kind of 51 00:04:31,680 --> 00:04:38,180 pregnant dot 就不应该把起点看成是一个 pregnant dot 52 00:04:38,180 --> 00:04:44,280 为什么说这是一个 pregnant dot 呢 Pregnant 本来是怀 53 00:04:44,280 --> 00:04:50,000 孕的意思但是起点里边蕴含着无限的可能今后宇宙中 54 00:04:50,000 --> 00:04:55,280 的所有一切都是在起点里边荡生的所以我们把它叫做 55 00:04:55,280 --> 00:04:58,910 Pregnant dot Hanging in a dark, 56 00:04:59,090 --> 00:05:00,170 boundless void 57 00:05:00,710 --> 00:05:08,840 Boundless Bound 是边界 Boundless 就是无边无际的 58 00:05:08,840 --> 00:05:09,840 With 59 00:05:11,670 --> 00:05:15,790 in bounds out of bounds 是打球的时候我们说在界内就 60 00:05:15,790 --> 00:05:22,840 是 with in bounds out of bounds 就是出界在界外 void 61 00:05:22,880 --> 00:05:29,040 跟先前我们看到的 emptiness 意思相近就是一片虚无 62 00:05:29,040 --> 00:05:31,060 一片虚空我们 63 00:05:32,760 --> 00:05:38,340 很自然地会把起点看成是一个充满着无限可能性的小 64 00:05:38,340 --> 00:05:41,660 点它高悬在一片黑暗 65 00:05:41,740 --> 00:05:46,300 无边无际的虚空之中但是这样想是错的 66 00:05:48,370 --> 00:05:51,730 But there is no space,no darkness 不 67 00:05:53,140 --> 00:05:54,280 存在空间, 68 00:05:54,420 --> 00:05:57,200 不存在黑暗所以 69 00:05:57,230 --> 00:06:03,330 前面说的这种设想完全是不成立的 The 70 00:06:03,550 --> 00:06:05,350 singularity has no around, 71 00:06:05,570 --> 00:06:07,490 around it 它的 72 00:06:07,720 --> 00:06:08,460 周围, 73 00:06:08,560 --> 00:06:14,960 没有周围没有周围这么一个概念 There is no space for 74 00:06:14,960 --> 00:06:20,920 it to occupy no place for it to be to occupy 就是占据 we 75 00:06:22,710 --> 00:06:27,400 can't even ask how long it has been therewhether it has 76 00:06:27,400 --> 00:06:31,280 just lately popped into being like a good idea or 77 00:06:31,280 --> 00:06:35,440 whether it has been there foreverquietly awaiting the 78 00:06:35,440 --> 00:06:40,460 right moment time doesn't exist there is no past for it 79 00:06:40,460 --> 00:06:42,900 to emerge from 我们 80 00:06:43,730 --> 00:06:49,390 甚至不能问这样的一个问题我们不能问它到底存在多 81 00:06:49,390 --> 00:06:51,070 长时间了它 82 00:06:52,000 --> 00:06:58,980 到底是像一个好主意一样是最近才突然出现的还是它 83 00:06:58,980 --> 00:07:04,880 就一直在那儿静静地等待着恰当的时刻 pop 84 00:07:06,380 --> 00:07:10,840 into being 我们先要知道这么一个词组是 come into 85 00:07:10,840 --> 00:07:17,620 beingbeing 的意思是存在 come into being 就是形成 pop 86 00:07:17,620 --> 00:07:21,820 into being 可以说意思跟 come into being 是一样的但是 87 00:07:21,820 --> 00:07:27,820 它更加的生动形象因为 pop 好像就是突然冒出来所以 88 00:07:27,820 --> 00:07:32,720 这个起点它是不是像一个 good idea 一样突然冒出来的 89 00:07:32,720 --> 00:07:37,120 呢 or whether it has been there forever 还是说它一直就 90 00:07:37,120 --> 00:07:41,260 存在在那只是静静地在 awaitingawaiting means 91 00:07:41,260 --> 00:07:42,820 waiting for the right moment 92 00:07:44,540 --> 00:07:49,240 没法问这个问题并不是说它没有答案而是这样的问题 93 00:07:49,240 --> 00:07:53,400 就不能成立因为 time doesn't exist 94 00:07:54,870 --> 00:07:59,290 there is no past for it to emerge from 既 95 00:07:59,860 --> 00:08:04,600 然不存在时间当 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）