第1章 迷失在宇宙中 Lost in the Cosmos · 第2讲S5

1. 老师，讲稿里提到彭齐亚斯和威尔森本来只是想清理天线上的鸟粪，结果意外发现了宇宙微波背景辐射，这到底是啥情况啊？他们当时为啥会觉得这是个尴尬的事？
2. 那个叫彭齐亚斯和威尔森的科学家，他们在论文里是怎么描述他们发现的那个信号的？为什么普林斯顿大学的迪基团队能一眼认出那是大爆炸的回声，而他们却一直没看懂？
3. 这里有个对比挺有意思的：彭齐亚斯和威尔森是意外发现者，拿了诺贝尔奖；而迪基和皮布尔斯是正确解释者，啥也没得到。为啥会有这种‘找的人拿奖，懂的人没奖’的情况？
4. 讲稿里说迪基预测早期宇宙会很热，会有辐射残留。那他们是怎么确定这个信号真的是来自宇宙深处，而不是像他们担心的那样，只是来自鸽子或者附近的干扰源呢？
5. 直到在《纽约时报》上看到报道，他们才意识到自己发现了什么。如果当时没人告诉他们，他们还会一直以为那只是讨厌的‘噪音’吗？这对我们理解科学发现有什么启示？

1. Teacher, Penzias and Wilson were just trying to clean bird droppings off their antenna when they accidentally discovered the cosmic microwave background radiation. What exactly happened there? Why did they feel so embarrassed by the signal at first?
2. How did Penzias and Wilson describe the signal they found in their paper? Why could Bob Dickey from Princeton immediately identify it as the echo of the Big Bang, while Penzias and Wilson failed to realize its significance?
3. There's an interesting contrast here: Penzias and Wilson were the accidental discoverers and won the Nobel Prize, while Dickey and Peebles correctly interpreted the findings but got nothing. Why did the 'finders' get the award instead of the 'interpreters'?
4. Dickey predicted that the early universe was hot and would leave behind radiation. How did they confirm that this signal really came from deep space, rather than being interference from pigeons or nearby sources as they initially suspected?
5. They only realized the importance of their discovery after reading about it in the New York Times. If no one had told them, would they have kept thinking it was just annoying noise? What does this tell us about how scientific discoveries are made?

1 00:00:05,040 --> 00:00:08,200 现在让我们享受一段同样故事的 2 00:00:08,390 --> 00:00:09,650 视 3 00:00:09,650 --> 00:00:12,650 频 4 00:00:42,420 --> 00:00:49,400 Hoyle 确实有点点子没有人能证明宇宙有开始那是一 5 00:00:49,400 --> 00:00:51,340 个仅仅的理论概念 6 00:01:00,960 --> 00:01:01,520 但 7 00:01:09,490 --> 00:01:16,230 在 1965 年大型弹幕队受到了巨大的增加因为有一个在 8 00:01:16,230 --> 00:01:19,610 纽约的玻璃形成的链接 in New Jersey The 9 00:01:23,870 --> 00:01:27,130 horn antenna had been part of a very earlysatellite 10 00:01:27,130 --> 00:01:28,610 transmission system But 11 00:01:31,360 --> 00:01:34,580 with the rapid march of technology it soon became 12 00:01:34,580 --> 00:01:42,610 redundant That's when two young astronomersfrom Bell 13 00:01:42,610 --> 00:01:46,730 Laboratoriesdecided to adapt its use to study our 14 00:01:46,730 --> 00:01:48,870 galaxy instead That 15 00:01:54,890 --> 00:01:55,410 detector, 16 00:01:55,610 --> 00:01:58,170 a hornlooking like an old fashioned ear trumpet for a 17 00:01:58,170 --> 00:02:01,030 hard of hearing giants its on its hilltop in Holmdel, 18 00:02:01,190 --> 00:02:04,290 New Jersey Among all the listening ears in the world 19 00:02:19,680 --> 00:02:24,340 我们的太阳和它的星球仅仅是一堆星球在 Milky Way 20 00:02:24,460 --> 00:02:25,860 领域中的领域接 21 00:02:29,120 --> 00:02:33,680 近我们的第二个领域是我们的旧地团几百万光年之后 22 00:02:38,460 --> 00:02:43,100 很多其他领域在领域中和单独的在舞台上 Homedale 23 00:02:43,120 --> 00:02:44,300 看到了这些 24 00:02:48,080 --> 00:02:51,680 远远远远远远远远远远 25 00:03:24,540 --> 00:03:25,920 OK,we start 30 degrees, 26 00:03:26,100 --> 00:03:26,940 alright, 27 00:03:27,750 --> 00:03:32,290 and we are now on the sky Here we had purposely picked a 28 00:03:32,290 --> 00:03:33,350 portion of the spectrum, 29 00:03:33,510 --> 00:03:35,810 a wavelength of 7 centimeters where we expected 30 00:03:35,810 --> 00:03:38,230 nothing,or almost nothing, 31 00:03:38,410 --> 00:03:40,070 no radiation at all from the sky 32 00:03:40,710 --> 00:03:43,150 Instead what happened is that we found radiation 33 00:03:43,150 --> 00:03:45,850 coming into our antenna from all directions 34 00:03:46,700 --> 00:03:48,660 It's just flooding in at us 35 00:03:50,000 --> 00:03:51,800 This was,to put it boldly, 36 00:03:51,820 --> 00:03:57,390 an embarrassment 也许是大鸟的链子太大声音我们首 37 00:03:57,390 --> 00:03:59,780 先专注在链子上 38 00:04:00,010 --> 00:04:05,830 我们有点怀疑因为链子的颈部进入了汽车这位置很适 39 00:04:05,830 --> 00:04:12,980 合小鸟喜欢在冷冬期间留下我们不担心因为它们在我 40 00:04:12,980 --> 00:04:18,470 们来的时候飞过来除了它们的表面是白色的它们可以 41 00:04:18,470 --> 00:04:20,430 不仅吸收波波 42 00:04:22,150 --> 00:04:28,850 它们可能会成为我们所有的结果当我们能够清理这些 43 00:04:28,850 --> 00:04:35,910 环境再次把环境放回来我们发现最多的效果仍然存在 44 00:04:36,430 --> 00:04:43,970 信号继续继续他们几乎无奈地认识到信号是从外面来 45 00:04:43,970 --> 00:04:48,170 的但它是从哪里来的似乎是从任何地方来的所以 46 00:04:48,650 --> 00:04:53,930 我们现在困在天空之外这种反应不容易接受因为这种 47 00:04:53,930 --> 00:04:59,910 反应是来自在真正的深度宇宙空间之外除了任何我们 48 00:04:59,910 --> 00:05:04,660 认识或梦想过的任何我们认识或梦想过的但 49 00:05:08,400 --> 00:05:13,600 不知名的彭斯亚斯和威尔森在约 30 米远处的普林斯顿 50 00:05:13,600 --> 00:05:19,660 大学另一个群体在梦想着这么多的宇宙空间从深度宇 51 00:05:19,660 --> 00:05:20,180 宙空间 52 00:05:23,950 --> 00:05:28,590 这群人被科学家 Bob Dickey 带领他很受欢迎在早期宇 53 00:05:28,570 --> 00:05:29,850 宙上测试新的测试 54 00:05:42,080 --> 00:05:47,640 I had connected with the well established views of the 55 00:05:47,640 --> 00:05:50,480 universe at that time that the universe was an 56 00:05:50,480 --> 00:05:54,390 expanding structuregalaxies flying away from each 57 00:05:54,390 --> 00:05:57,150 otherflying away from each other ever more rapidly the 58 00:05:57,150 --> 00:06:00,930 farther away they were and the implication of course of 59 00:06:00,930 --> 00:06:02,770 all this is if you simply send time 60 00:06:02,770 --> 00:06:05,230 backwardseverything is closer together in the past 61 00:06:05,850 --> 00:06:10,470 so there's an idea of something blowing up or flying 62 00:06:10,470 --> 00:06:21,820 apart Dickey saw that the early universe would at least 63 00:06:21,820 --> 00:06:25,400 do one thing the fireball would be so hot that it would 64 00:06:25,400 --> 00:06:28,080 endow the universe with plenty of radiation to start 65 00:06:28,080 --> 00:06:31,120 with that radiation would still be around today and 66 00:06:31,120 --> 00:06:34,220 Dickey said it should be searched for he left professor 67 00:06:34,220 --> 00:06:36,020 Jim Peebles to work out the details 68 00:06:36,960 --> 00:06:40,100 if this radiation is present will we be able to detect it 69 00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:42,520 and will we know we're detecting it and not radiation 70 00:06:42,520 --> 00:06:45,300 from something else in the universeafter all we know 71 00:06:45,300 --> 00:06:46,400 there are many radio sources 72 00:06:47,400 --> 00:06:51,400 在更长距离的预测下我们怎么知道这种预测不会发生 73 00:06:51,400 --> 00:06:52,060 但 74 00:06:53,530 --> 00:06:59,890 在一切变化之中预测已经发生了在 Homedale 当 75 00:07:00,120 --> 00:07:04,740 Ar no Penzi as 听到 Prinston 的试验他拿起电话打电话 76 00:07:04,720 --> 00:07:05,700 给 Bob Dickey 77 00:07:06,750 --> 00:07:13,030 Bob 接到电话我们听到讨论在背景的部分没想到会发 78 00:07:13,030 --> 00:07:18,650 生什么 Bob 回头说我认为我们应该有新闻播出 The 79 00:07:18,650 --> 00:07:21,790 Homedale Whisper was no less than an echo of the origin 80 00:07:21,790 --> 00:07:23,310 of the universe The 81 00:07:35,880 --> 00:07:39,380 phenomenon was considered such a significant piece of 82 00:07:39,380 --> 00:07:42,580 the cosmological jigsaw that its accidental 83 00:07:42,580 --> 00:07:43,680 discoverers, 84 00:07:43,700 --> 00:07:46,620 Penzi as and Wilsonreceived the Nobel Prize for 85 00:07:46,620 --> 00:07:47,800 Physics in 1978 86 00:07:48,970 --> 00:07:50,970 Jim Peebles and Bob Dickey, 87 00:07:51,070 --> 00:07:54,130 on the other hand who had correctly interpreted the 88 00:07:54,130 --> 00:07:58,410 Homedale Whisper as the echo of the Big Bangreceived 89 00:07:58,410 --> 00:07:59,210 absolutely nothing 90 00:08:01,640 --> 00:08:06,440 後來,衛星學發佈了兩篇文章, 91 00:08:06,580 --> 00:08:10,420 一篇是彭斯爾斯和威爾森的解釋他們的經歷, 92 00:08:11,300 --> 00: ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）