Unit 10.1 Understanding the Strategy of Building a Sci-Tech Powerhouse 理解科技强国战略
课程:《理解当代中国》系列英语课程(UCYYXLV001)主讲:对外经贸大学 陈源泉 教授(数字分身)词汇 10 条句型 4 条要点 2 条
一、本课要点
- 核心突破路径规划:采取政策驱动、市场驱动与开放创新三阶段策略,实现关键核心技术自主可控。
- 应对大国科技竞争:面对外部技术封锁,中国通过国产替代与生态重构,加速构建独立技术供应链。
二、核心词汇(10)
| 词条 | 释义 / 讲解 |
|---|
| Chokepoint Technologies | 指制约国家科技发展的关键核心技术瓶颈。 |
| Self-sufficiency | 指在关键核心技术领域实现自主可控、不依赖外部。 |
| Technological Sovereignty | 指国家在科技发展上独立自主、不受制于人的权利。 |
| Parallel Systems | 指中美在科技领域形成两套独立并行的技术与标准体系。 |
| Domestic Substitution | 指用国产技术替代进口技术以保障产业链安全。 |
| Onion-layer Substitution | 指从非核心部件到关键系统逐步推进的国产化策略。 |
| Military-first, Civilian-follow | 指先保障军用技术突破再向民用领域转化的发展模式。 |
| Vertical Integration | 指芯片、系统与终端应用上下游打通的产业链整合。 |
| Self-reliant Tech Stack | 指完全依靠本国力量构建的独立技术基础架构。 |
| Open Innovation | 指在坚持自主可控基础上积极参与全球科技合作。 |
三、句型与语法点(4)
| 要点 | 说明 |
|---|
| Core technologies cannot be bought, begged for, or gifted. | 强调关键核心技术必须依靠自主创新,无法通过外部获取。 |
| This battle for technological sovereignty is reshaping the global innovation landscape. | 说明科技主权争夺正在深刻改变全球科技创新格局。 |
| The 20th CPC National Congress explicitly prioritized... | 用于引出党和国家重大会议对科技发展的战略部署。 |
| This 'military-first, civilian-follow' model is solving... | 用于分析特定发展模式如何解决国家层面的技术难题。 |
四、课堂讨论题
1. 面对大国科技博弈,你认为中国如何通过核心技术自主可控打破外部技术封锁?
2. 结合大飞机发动机国产化进程,探讨军转民路径对突破关键技术的实际意义。
3. 在芯片与工业软件等领域面临卡脖子困境时,企业应如何平衡短期成本与长期创新?
4. 从跟跑到领跑的跨越中,高校科研体制应怎样改革以支撑科技强国战略?
5. 面对全球科技平行体系趋势,中国怎样在开放合作与自主可控之间找到最佳平衡点?
五、Discussion Questions (English)
1. Facing great-power tech rivalry, how do you think China can break external blockades through self-reliance in core technologies?
2. Combining the localization of aircraft engines, discuss the practical significance of the military-to-civilian pathway in overcoming key technological hurdles.
3. When facing chokepoint challenges in semiconductors and industrial software, how should enterprises balance short-term costs with long-term innovation?
4. During the leap from following to leading, how should university research systems be reformed to support the strategy of building a sci-tech powerhouse?
5. Against the trend of parallel global tech systems, how can China find the optimal balance between open cooperation and technological self-reliance?
六、听力 / 讲稿全文
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Understanding the Strategy of Building a
Sci-Tech
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Powerhouse — Breaking Through
"Chokepoint" Technologies:
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A Roadmap for Core Technological
Breakthroughs:
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Hello, everyone!
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Today we focus on the core mission of
China's strategy to become
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a global leader in science and technology:
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achieving self-sufficiency in critical
core technologies by
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From semiconductors to aircraft engines
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from quantum computing to industrial
software
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this battle for technological sovereignty
is reshaping
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the global innovation landscape I.
Strategic Context:
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The Great-Power Tech Rivalry in a
Changing World:
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Global technological competition has
entered an era
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of "parallel systems" While the US builds
barriers through initiatives like the
"Chip 4 Alliance
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" China is forging an independent supply
chain
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through "domestic substitution"
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and the Belt and Road Initiative In 2025,
when the US suspended engine technology
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exports for the C919 airliner it
unexpectedly accelerated the validation
of China's
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CJ-1000A engine—proving President Xi
Jinping's assertion:
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"Core technologies cannot be bought
begged for, or gifted"
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The 20th CPC National Congress explicitly
prioritized
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"winning the battle in core technologies"
setting 2035
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as the deadline to establish China as a
sci-tech powerhouse
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II. The Breakthrough Path: A Three-Phase
Strategy for Domestic Substitution:
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Phase 1: Policy-Driven Concentrated
Breakthroughs:
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Take aircraft engines as an example
China's "onion-layer substitution"
strategy progresses
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from non-core components to critical
systems
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Aero Engine Corporation of China with
2024 revenue reaching 44.994 billion yuan
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has equipped the Y-20 transport aircraft
with its WS-20 engine
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The CJ-1000A commercial engine has
completed
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high-altitude tests with full C919
localization expected by
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This "military-first civilian-follow"
model is solving
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China's "heart disease" dilemma Phase 2:
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Market-Driven Ecosystem Restructuring: In
semiconductors
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Huawei’s EDA tools broke the 7nm design
bottleneck
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while Cambricon’s Siyuan 590 chip rivals
global competitors
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More crucially ecosystem restructuring is
underway:
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a new energy vehicle factory used Tapd
project
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management to break down localization
tasks into three-tier Kanban boards
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slashing critical path cycles by 53%.
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This "chip-system-application" vertical
integration
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is building a self-reliant tech stack
Phase 3:
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Open Innovation with a Global Vision:
China controls 83.7% of the global
rare-earth
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processing market leveraging export
controls to counter tech blockades
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This "confrontation-for-construction"
strategy forced US
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concessions in trade talks Meanwhile
China-led international megascience
projects have
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drawn 130 global research institutions
shaping "China solutions" in deep-space
exploration
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and quantum communication III. The
Mission of Youth:
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Writing History in the Long March of
Technology:
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Students when you process 100 million TPS
transactions on domestic
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databases or achieve millisecond responses
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with homegrown PLC controllers you are
part of a revolution reshaping the world
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As Qiushi Journal emphasized: "Building a
sci-tech powerhouse is a shared
responsibility
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of the entire Party and nation"
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From labs to production lines from
algorithm design to system integration
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every role is a vital position in this
battle
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The vision of a 2035 sci-tech powerhouse
will be drawn
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by your generation—through code blueprints
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and experimental data With the
perseverance to "forge a sword over a
decade"
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let us leap from "following" to "running
alongside"
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and ultimately "leading" in core
technologies!
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Thank you!
本素材由艾智语途工场自动整理,仅供教学使用。配套视频:https://www.icclass.cn/VideoPlayer_ECom?id=10207
七、课堂练习(AI 生成)
1. 在科技政策讨论中,当我们提到“制约国家科技发展的关键核心技术瓶颈”时,通常使用哪个英文术语?
A. Chokepoint Technologies
B. Technological Sovereignty
C. Parallel Systems
D. Open Innovation
答案:A · 根据板书要点,Chokepoint Technologies 专指制约国家科技发展的关键核心技术瓶颈。
2. 面对外部技术封锁,我国采取从非核心部件到关键系统逐步推进的国产化策略,这一策略的英文表述是?
A. Domestic Substitution
B. Onion-layer Substitution
C. Vertical Integration
D. Self-reliant Tech Stack
答案:B · 板书明确指出 Onion-layer Substitution 指从非核心部件到关键系统逐步推进的国产化策略。
3. 在描述芯片、系统与终端应用上下游打通的产业链整合模式时,应选用以下哪个词汇?
A. Military-first, Civilian-follow
B. Parallel Systems
C. Vertical Integration
D. Self-sufficiency
答案:C · 根据材料,Vertical Integration 指芯片、系统与终端应用上下游打通的产业链整合。
4. 课堂练习中,若想强调“关键核心技术必须依靠自主创新,无法通过外部获取”,应使用板书中的哪句句型?
A. This battle for technological sovereignty is reshaping the global innovation landscape.
B. Core technologies cannot be bought, begged for, or gifted.
C. The 20th CPC National Congress explicitly prioritized...
D. This 'military-first, civilian-follow' model is solving...
答案:B · 该句型直接对应板书语法要点,强调关键核心技术必须依靠自主创新,无法通过外部获取。
5. 根据板书中的“核心突破路径规划”,实现关键核心技术自主可控的三阶段策略不包括以下哪项?
A. 政策驱动
B. 市场驱动
C. 封闭创新
D. 开放创新
答案:C · 板书 note 部分明确指出采取政策驱动、市场驱动与开放创新三阶段策略,封闭创新不在其中。