第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第7讲S4

1. 讲稿里说凯尔文对卢瑟福的陈述'beamed'但'unmoved'，这两个词放在一起是不是有点矛盾？能具体解释下这种表面开心内心无动于衷的状态吗？
2. 关于门捷列夫晚年变得'eccentric'和'difficult'，讲稿里特意区分了'difficult'不是难理解而是难相处，能举几个例子说明他怎么个'难相处'法吗？
3. 文中提到凯尔文晚年'less serene'，而门捷列夫晚年'eccentric'，这两个人在晚年科学贡献和心态上有什么具体的对比或相似之处？
4. 为什么讲稿里用虚拟语气'would have progressed unpleasantly'来描述居里先生的病情？是因为他后来遭遇车祸去世了，所以假设症状恶化才用这个语气吗？
5. 讲稿最后提到第101号元素以门捷列夫命名，并特别指出它是'unstable element'，这跟他晚年固执、拒绝新科学的态度有什么深层的联系或讽刺意味吗？

1. The transcript says Kelvin 'beamed' but was 'unmoved' by Rutherford's presentation. Isn't that contradictory? Can you explain what it means to smile happily on the outside but remain indifferent on the inside?
2. Regarding Mendeleev becoming 'eccentric' and 'difficult' in his later years, the transcript clarifies that 'difficult' doesn't mean hard to understand but hard to get along with. Can you give some examples of how he was difficult to please or interact with?
3. The text mentions Kelvin's later years were 'less serene' while Mendeleev became 'eccentric'. What are the specific similarities or differences in their scientific contributions and mindsets during their old age?
4. Why does the transcript use the subjunctive mood 'would have progressed unpleasantly' to describe Curie's condition? Is it because he died in a carriage accident, so the worsening of his symptoms is hypothetical?
5. The transcript mentions that element 101 was named after Mendeleev and specifically notes it is an 'unstable element'. Is there a deeper connection or irony between this instability and his late-life stubbornness and rejection of new science?

1 00:00:05,360 --> 00:00:08,380 Kelvin beamed at Rutherford's respectful 2 00:00:08,380 --> 00:00:09,040 presentation, 3 00:00:16,800 --> 00:00:21,400 but was in fact unmoved.Beamed means smiled happily. 4 00:00:21,860 --> 00:00:24,840 对于卢瑟福毕恭毕敬的陈述, 5 00:00:24,960 --> 00:00:27,700 Kyle 文眉开眼笑,他笑容满面, 6 00:00:27,780 --> 00:00:32,040 but was in fact unmoved.Unmoved means untouched, 7 00:00:32,200 --> 00:00:35,720 means indifferent,但实际上他无动于衷, 8 00:00:35,800 --> 00:00:36,880 他不为所动。 9 00:00:36,880 --> 00:00:41,080 he was not convinced he never accepted the revised 10 00:00:41,080 --> 00:00:45,040 figures and to his dying daybelieved his work on the age 11 00:00:45,040 --> 00:00:47,900 of the earth his most astute and important 12 00:00:47,900 --> 00:00:51,800 contribution to sciencefar greater than his work on 13 00:00:51,800 --> 00:00:54,900 therm odynamicsrevised means corrected 14 00:00:55,620 --> 00:01:01,320 他从未接受经过修正的关于地球年龄的这个数字 and 15 00:01:01,320 --> 00:01:05,140 to his dying daybelieved his work on the age of the earth 16 00:01:05,140 --> 00:01:11,860 一直到此他都认为他关于地球年龄的测算是 his most 17 00:01:11,860 --> 00:01:15,380 astute and important contribution to science 是自己 18 00:01:15,380 --> 00:01:21,420 对科学最有智慧的最重要的贡献 astute means full of 19 00:01:21,420 --> 00:01:21,800 insight, 20 00:01:22,040 --> 00:01:26,020 insightfulan astute person is able to understand 21 00:01:26,020 --> 00:01:30,080 situations or behavior very well and very quickly it 22 00:01:30,080 --> 00:01:32,340 means having great insight or clever 23 00:01:35,580 --> 00:01:40,680 他认为自己对地球年龄的计算要比自己在热力学方面 24 00:01:40,680 --> 00:01:41,680 的贡献更大 25 00:01:49,570 --> 00:01:55,430 跟大多数的科学革命一样卢瑟福的这项新发现 Were 26 00:01:55,430 --> 00:01:58,870 not universally accepted Means were not accepted by 27 00:01:58,870 --> 00:02:04,070 everyone John Jolly of Dublin Strangely insisted well 28 00:02:04,070 --> 00:02:08,830 into the 1930s That the earth was no more than 89 million 29 00:02:08,830 --> 00:02:12,590 years old And was stopped only then by his own death 30 00:02:12,590 --> 00:02:18,030 Dublin is a city in Ireland 这是爱尔兰的重要城市都柏 31 00:02:18,030 --> 00:02:22,170 林都柏林的这位 John Jolly Strangely insisted 32 00:02:22,890 --> 00:02:27,690 Strenuously means vigorously Strenuous means active 33 00:02:27,690 --> 00:02:34,090 and determined 他倔强地坚持 Well into the 1930s means 34 00:02:34,090 --> 00:02:40,930 late into the 1930s 一直到 20 世纪 30 年代末期他都还倔 35 00:02:40,930 --> 00:02:45,050 强地坚持 The earth was no more than 89 million years old 36 00:02:45,050 --> 00:02:50,150 and was stopped only then by his own death 他的这项主张 37 00:02:50,150 --> 00:02:55,630 直到他死才画上一个句号也就是他到死都这么认为 38 00:02:55,630 --> 00:02:59,670 Others began to worry that Rutherford had now given 39 00:02:59,670 --> 00:03:04,730 them too much time But even with radiometric dating as 40 00:03:04,730 --> 00:03:08,210 decay measurements became known it would be decades 41 00:03:08,210 --> 00:03:11,970 before we got within a billion years or so of Earth's 42 00:03:11,970 --> 00:03:15,730 actual age Science was now on the right track, 43 00:03:15,930 --> 00:03:20,650 but still way out Decay measurements 指的是利用放射 44 00:03:20,650 --> 00:03:25,450 性物质的衰变来进行测量这种方法后来逐渐为人们所 45 00:03:25,450 --> 00:03:29,610 知但即便是有了这种方法也就是所谓的 Radiometric 46 00:03:29,610 --> 00:03:30,390 Dating 47 00:03:30,470 --> 00:03:34,710 放射性地年法 It would be decades before we got within a 48 00:03:34,710 --> 00:03:37,370 billion years or so or so means about, 49 00:03:37,510 --> 00:03:40,710 about a billion years of Earth actor age 50 00:03:41,970 --> 00:03:47,190 但即便是有这样的方法也还得要用上数十年我们才能 51 00:03:47,190 --> 00:03:52,770 够做到算出来的数字跟地球的实际年龄相差在十亿年 52 00:03:52,770 --> 00:03:58,350 左右也就是做到误差在十亿年这都很难做到误差在十 53 00:03:58,350 --> 00:04:07,170 亿年之内都得要再花上数十年科学可以说是步入正轨 54 00:04:07,170 --> 00:04:11,210 但是误差仍然很大 55 00:04:38,090 --> 00:04:43,750 跟凯尔文一样他最有成果的时期已经过去了也就是说 56 00:04:43,750 --> 00:04:47,430 这两个人的晚年都没有什么科学成就 But his 57 00:04:47,430 --> 00:04:50,890 declining years,declining years means aging years, 58 00:04:51,410 --> 00:04:54,170 他的晚年,were notably less serene, 59 00:04:54,390 --> 00:04:56,890 less serene means less untroubled, 60 00:04:57,050 --> 00:04:59,030 or less calm,less peaceful, 61 00:04:59,690 --> 00:05:02,810 跟凯尔文比起来,他的晚年就没有那么平静了。 62 00:05:03,270 --> 00:05:07,130 As he aged,Mendeleev became increasingly eccentric. 63 00:05:07,570 --> 00:05:11,150 He refused to acknowledge the existence of radiation, 64 00:05:11,550 --> 00:05:12,450 or the electron, 65 00:05:12,710 --> 00:05:15,970 or anything else much that was new and difficult. 66 00:05:16,980 --> 00:05:22,120 凡是看到破折号大家要把破折号的部分先把它抽离开 67 00:05:22,120 --> 00:05:26,040 来看剩下的部分 As he aged, 68 00:05:26,180 --> 00:05:29,320 Mendeleev became increasingly eccentric and 69 00:05:29,320 --> 00:05:33,180 difficult 要这样看 Eccentric 和 D ifficult 是并列的 70 00:05:33,720 --> 00:05:38,900 随着年龄的增长门见猎妇变得越来越古怪 Eccentric 71 00:05:38,900 --> 00:05:43,100 之前其实也见过这个词大家应该可以从里面看到 72 00:05:43,100 --> 00:05:48,500 Center Center 就是中心那这个前罪是表示否定的 73 00:05:48,500 --> 00:05:53,470 eccentric 意思是偏离中心的也就是偏离正常的就他 74 00:05:53,470 --> 00:05:58,340 的行为变得越来越不正常越来越古怪而且呢 d 75 00:05:58,340 --> 00:06:03,180 ifficult a difficult person does not mean that he is 76 00:06:03,180 --> 00:06:06,900 difficult to understand it means he is difficult to get 77 00:06:06,900 --> 00:06:12,420 along withd ifficult to please 变得越来越难以相处越 78 00:06:12,420 --> 00:06:14,560 来越难以取悦那 79 00:06:15,170 --> 00:06:19,990 这里的破折号部分现在我们把它放进去这是用来解释 80 00:06:19,990 --> 00:06:24,230 这个 eccentric 的具体表现他拒绝承 81 00:06:24,230 --> 00:06:27,230 认 82 00:06:39,490 --> 00:06:47,210 放射性现象的存在拒绝承认电子的存在拒绝承认任何 83 00:06:47,210 --> 00:06:59,210 新事物 Storming out of means rushing out of 84 00:06:59,210 --> 00:07:04,350 in an angry way 很生气的怒气冲冲的冲出去 Storming 85 00:07:04,350 --> 00:07:07,550 out of labs and lecture halls all across Europe 就是跟 86 00:07:07,550 --> 00:07:13,880 大家好像都相处不了他总是有意见总是生气 In 1955, 87 00:0 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）