第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第6讲S6

1. 讲稿里反复提到 period table 让化学变得 'orderly and clear'，这具体是指它把杂乱无章的元素性质变得有条理了吗？
2. 既然现在已知元素有120种，为什么讲稿里又说具体数字 'contentious'（有争议）？那些人工合成的元素到底算不算数？
3. 文中说 'can hardly be overstated'，这个表达是不是比 'very important' 语气更重？它在这里强调了周期表多大的价值？
4. 门捷列夫当时只知道了63种元素，为什么他敢断定表里那些空缺的位置 'will slot in'（能塞进去）新元素？他的预测依据是啥？
5. 虽然大家觉得周期表很完美，但讲稿提到原子量超过168就纯属 'speculative'（推测），这是否意味着这个伟大的 'scheme' 最终会有尽头？

1. The script says the periodic table made chemistry 'orderly and clear'; does this specifically mean it organized the chaotic properties of elements?
2. Since there are about 120 known elements now, why does the script say the exact number is 'contentious'? Do the artificially synthesized elements really count?
3. The text uses 'can hardly be overstated'; is this stronger than just saying 'very important'? What value is it emphasizing here?
4. Mendeleev only knew 63 elements at the time, so why was he confident that the empty spots 'would slot in' new elements? What was his prediction based on?
5. Even though the periodic table is considered perfect, the script mentions that anything beyond an atomic weight of 168 is 'speculative'. Does this mean this great 'scheme' will eventually hit a limit?

1 00:00:23,390 --> 00:00:23,850 对 2 00:00:23,910 --> 00:00:29,250 于大部分人来说元素周期表只是在理论上具有它的美 3 00:00:29,250 --> 00:00:34,250 感也就是在理论上是一件很美好的事物但是 for 4 00:00:34,250 --> 00:00:38,130 chemists it established an immediate orderliness and 5 00:00:38,130 --> 00:00:42,830 clarity it means for chemists it made chemistry 6 00:00:42,830 --> 00:00:48,970 immediately orderly and clear 它使得化学顿时变得有 7 00:00:48,970 --> 00:00:53,150 条有理明明白白清清楚楚 orderliness 是 8 00:00:53,150 --> 00:00:58,570 orderorderly 就是有秩序的那个是它的名词形式而 9 00:00:58,570 --> 00:01:02,990 clarity 之前也说过它的形容词就是 clear 清楚明白 10 00:01:03,700 --> 00:01:07,640 that can hardly be overstated overstated means 11 00:01:07,640 --> 00:01:08,460 exaggerated 12 00:01:09,380 --> 00:01:16,600 夸张这种清楚这种明白就是它给化学带来的这种条理 13 00:01:16,600 --> 00:01:22,190 性怎么说都不夸张 can hardly be overstated 也就是它 14 00:01:22,190 --> 00:01:28,000 的这种重要意义无论你怎么说怎么表达都不为过 with 15 00:01:28,250 --> 00:01:31,810 out a doubt The Periodic Table of the Chemical Elements 16 00:01:31,810 --> 00:01:36,310 is the most elegant organizational chart ever devised 17 00:01:36,310 --> 00:01:41,030 Wrote Robert E.Krebs in The History and Use of Our 18 00:01:41,030 --> 00:01:44,090 Earth's Chemical Elements and you can find similar 19 00:01:44,090 --> 00:01:48,110 sentiments in virtually every history of chemistry in 20 00:01:48,110 --> 00:01:49,550 print Robert 21 00:01:51,500 --> 00:01:51,960 E. 22 00:01:52,000 --> 00:01:58,600 Krebs 在他的这本书就是地球上的化学元素的历史及 23 00:01:58,600 --> 00:02:04,140 其用途在这本书里面它是这样写的毫无疑问化学元素 24 00:02:04,140 --> 00:02:09,920 周期表是有史以来组织图表中最优美的一项 And you 25 00:02:09,920 --> 00:02:12,640 can find similar sentiments Sentiments means 26 00:02:12,640 --> 00:02:16,060 feelings In virtually every history of chemistry in 27 00:02:16,060 --> 00:02:16,340 print 28 00:02:17,140 --> 00:02:22,420 大家对元素周期表所持的观点都是相同的所持的这种 29 00:02:22,420 --> 00:02:26,860 感慨 Sentiments 就是他们这种感受都是相同的就觉得 30 00:02:26,860 --> 00:02:30,300 这个表的发明真是太伟大了 Today 31 00:02:31,040 --> 00:02:36,820 we have 120 or so known elements92 naturally occurring 32 00:02:36,820 --> 00:02:40,860 onesplus a couple of dozen that have been created in 33 00:02:40,860 --> 00:02:48,720 labs or so 大约今天我们有大约 120 个左右的已知元素 34 00:02:48,720 --> 00:02:53,780 其中 92 个元素是 naturally occurring onesoccurring 35 00:02:53,780 --> 00:02:54,480 means happening 36 00:02:55,240 --> 00:03:01,060 有 92 种是自然界中自然就存在的元素还有 plus a 37 00:03:01,060 --> 00:03:01,920 couple of dozen 38 00:03:02,040 --> 00:03:06,440 还有几十种是 have been created in labs 是在实验室里 39 00:03:06,440 --> 00:03:08,640 面被创造出来的 The 40 00:03:08,770 --> 00:03:13,030 actual number is slightly contentious because the 41 00:03:13,030 --> 00:03:17,970 heavy synthesized elements exist for only millions of 42 00:03:17,970 --> 00:03:21,990 seconds and chemists sometimes argue over whether 43 00:03:21,990 --> 00:03:26,440 they have really been detected or not Contentious 44 00:03:26,440 --> 00:03:28,220 means controversial 45 00:03:38,080 --> 00:03:42,060 那具体的数字所以这里讲了一百二十 46 00:03:44,120 --> 00:03:51,600 因为这个具体的数字就是具体到底该是什么是有争议 47 00:03:51,600 --> 00:03:56,420 的就现在到底有多少种已知的元素这具体数字是有争 48 00:03:56,420 --> 00:04:02,500 议的那是因为那些 synthesized elementssynthesized 49 00:04:02,500 --> 00:04:08,360 就是人工合成的在实验室里面创造出来的较 50 00:04:08,650 --> 00:04:12,690 重的元素 exist for only millions of seconds 51 00:04:13,520 --> 00:04:19,300 仅仅是百万分之几秒所以化学家们 sometimes argue 52 00:04:19,300 --> 00:04:25,480 over 有时候就不能够达成一致的意见他们就表示这些 53 00:04:25,480 --> 00:04:30,220 元素是不是真的被 detected or not 到底有没有测到这 54 00:04:30,220 --> 00:04:35,780 些元素的存在都还是一回事呢 detect 是检测感知 55 00:04:36,990 --> 00:04:39,470 在门前猎 56 00:04:39,470 --> 00:04:42,470 妇 57 00:04:53,840 --> 00:05:01,240 的时代已知元素只有 63 种但是他的天才之处他的聪明 58 00:05:01,240 --> 00:05:03,220 之处就在于他 59 00:05:03,280 --> 00:05:08,000 意识到 the elements as then known 就当时已知的元素 60 00:05:08,000 --> 00:05:09,880 didn't make a complete picture 61 00:05:10,940 --> 00:05:15,300 并不足以填满整个的周期表也就是这并不是所有的元 62 00:05:15,300 --> 00:05:15,620 素 63 00:05:16,220 --> 00:05:20,560 that many pieces were missing 这个 that 就跟前面这个 64 00:05:20,560 --> 00:05:25,210 that 是一样的是并列的他们都一样引导着一个重聚就 65 00:05:25,210 --> 00:05:30,780 是宾语重聚共同做 realize 的宾语他意识到有很多东 66 00:05:30,780 --> 00:05:35,620 西是未知的 m any pieces were missing 就是元素周期表 67 00:05:35,620 --> 00:05:39,600 里面的有很多空格其实是缺失的 his 68 00:05:39,690 --> 00:05:43,690 table predictedwith pleasing accuracy where new 69 00:05:43,690 --> 00:05:49,320 elements were slot in when they were foundslot 指的就 70 00:05:49,320 --> 00:05:55,450 是这样狭长的一个缝隙你可以把东西塞进去的像这是 71 00:05:55,450 --> 00:06:01,410 一个信箱这就是 slots 那元素周期表就有点像这样的 72 00:06:01,410 --> 00:06:06,430 信箱有的是已经填满的有的是空的所以它的这个元素 73 00:06:06,430 --> 00:06:11,190 周期表就很完美的预测了 with pleasing accuracy 就很 74 00:06:11,190 --> 00:06:17,990 精确的预测新发现的元素到底要安在哪里 where new 75 00:06:17,990 --> 00:06:22,110 elements would slot in when they were found 它在元素周 76 00:06:22,110 --> 00:06:25,790 期表中已经给它们留出了位置了 No one knows, 77 00:06:25,930 --> 00:06:26,750 incidentally, 78 00:06:26,770 --> 00:06:30,610 how high the number of elements might go Though 79 00:06:30,610 --> 00:06:35,290 anything beyond 168 as an atomic weight is considered 80 00:06:35,290 --> 00:06:38,210 purely speculative But 81 00:06:38,310 --> 00:06:43,330 what is certain is that anything that is found will fit 82 00:06:43,330 --> 00:06:47,190 neatly into Medliv's great scheme The 83 00:06:47,860 --> 00:06:53,360 number of elements 就是元素的数量也就是没有人知道 84 00:06:53,360 --> 00:06:59,080 元素的数量到底能够到达多少到底有多少种元素 85 00:06:59,080 --> 00:07:03,520 Though anything beyond 168 as an atomic weight is 86 00:07:03,520 --> 00:07:04,900 considered purely speculative 87 00:07:05,860 --> 00:07:13,360 尽管超出尽管原子量超出 168 以上就被人认为完全是 88 00:07:13,360 --> 00:07:17,460 speculativespeculate 是猜想猜测的意思 89 00:07:18,800 --> 00:07:23,420 也就是人们认为基本上不会超过 168 种因为原子量超 90 00:07:23,420 --> 00:07:26,700 过 168 的元素都属于是纯属推测 91 00:07:27,660 --> 00:07:31,360 But what is certain is that 但是我们能够确定的是 92 00:07 ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）