第7章 元素那些事 Elemental Matters · 第6讲S4

1. 老师，讲稿里说纽兰兹的“八音律”想法当时被大家嘲笑为荒唐，这到底是为什么呀？他的排列方式有什么问题吗？
2. 门捷列夫和纽兰兹用的基本原理好像差不多，为什么纽兰兹被嘲笑了，门捷列夫却被夸“敏锐”且“ Brilliant”呢？
3. 这里提到元素周期表的排列像玩纸牌游戏（solitaire/patience），具体是怎么个比法？横排和竖排分别对应纸牌的什么规则？
4. 讲稿里说竖列（groups）是把性质相似的元素放一起，能举个具体的例子说明一下吗？比如铜、银、金为什么在一列？
5. 为什么门捷列夫把元素每七个编成一组（groups of seven）就比纽兰兹的八音律更成功、更容易被接受了呢？

1. Why was Newlands' 'Law of Octaves' considered absurd and widely mocked back then? Was there a specific flaw in his arrangement?
2. Since Mendeleev and Newlands used fundamentally the same principle, why was Newlands ridiculed while Mendeleev was praised as 'brilliant' and 'perceptive'?
3. The transcript compares the periodic table arrangement to playing solitaire/patience. How exactly does that analogy work? What do the horizontal rows and vertical columns correspond to in the card game?
4. The lecture mentions that vertical columns (groups) group elements with similar properties. Can you give a specific example, like why Copper, Silver, and Gold are in the same column?
5. Why did Mendeleev's approach of grouping elements by sevens succeed and gain acceptance, whereas Newlands' octaves did not?

1 00:00:05,460 --> 00:00:07,380 Slightly LY UN W IS EL Y, 2 00:00:07,440 --> 00:00:11,560 FOR THIS WAS AN IDE A WH OSE TIME H AD NOT QU ITE Y ET COME, 3 00:00:11,740 --> 00:00:16,060 M UL INS CAL LED IT THE LA W OF O CT A VES AND LI KEN ED THE AR R 4 00:00:16,060 --> 00:00:18,680 ANG EM ENT TO THE O CT A VES ON A PI ANO KE Y BO ARD 5 00:00:19,320 --> 00:00:22,600 然而这么做是稍稍有点不太明智, 6 00:00:22,740 --> 00:00:25,840 因为大众能够接受这样的 ide a, 7 00:00:25,840 --> 00:00:31,370 这样的想法的这个时机还没有到来 Nul and called it 8 00:00:31,370 --> 00:00:36,510 the law of octaves Nul and 把这种现象称为八音律 and 9 00:00:36,510 --> 00:00:39,930 likened the arrangement to the octaves on a piano 10 00:00:39,930 --> 00:00:44,290 keyboardliken 指的是进行对比进行类比 11 00:00:45,160 --> 00:00:52,260 他想利用钢琴琴键上的八度音阶的这种排列方式来解 12 00:00:52,260 --> 00:00:57,370 释他的想法任何一个音我们举个例子比如说这个 do 13 00:00:58,300 --> 00:01:02,980 任何一个音每升高一个八度这个 do 升高八度就变成 do 14 00:01:03,630 --> 00:01:09,650 它的振动频率就正好变成原来的两倍所以我们耳朵听 15 00:01:09,650 --> 00:01:16,510 过去这两个音听过去呢它就像是同一个音它们是最和 16 00:01:16,510 --> 00:01:21,900 谐的和声任何一个音都有它的八度音也就是比它高一 17 00:01:21,900 --> 00:01:26,090 个八度或者甚至是两个八度或者比它低一个八度低两 18 00:01:26,090 --> 00:01:29,370 个八度的在钢琴键盘上是这个样子 19 00:01:29,970 --> 00:01:34,920 这样八度音听过去是非常和谐所以在合唱的时候有时 20 00:01:34,920 --> 00:01:40,270 候人们就分为两个声部来合唱听过去特别好听那这位 21 00:01:40,270 --> 00:01:46,590 Newlands 他把当时已知的 62 种元素按照相对原子质量 22 00:01:46,590 --> 00:01:51,790 由小到大的顺序排列排出来以后发现从任意一种元素 23 00:01:51,790 --> 00:01:57,900 算起每当排列到第八种元素的时候就会出现性质跟第 24 00:01:57,900 --> 00:02:04,070 一种元素相似的情况那这就非常像音乐中的这种八音 25 00:02:04,070 --> 00:02:07,050 律所以他就把这个现象称为八音律 26 00:02:07,550 --> 00:02:11,330 很遗憾的是 perhaps there was something in Newland's 27 00:02:11,330 --> 00:02:15,130 manner of presentation but the idea was considered 28 00:02:15,130 --> 00:02:18,250 fundamentally preposterous and widely 29 00:02:18,250 --> 00:02:24,010 mockedpresentation 指的就是他的表达就是他向别人 30 00:02:24,010 --> 00:02:29,420 解释他的这个想法的时候可能是表达的方式出了点什 31 00:02:29,420 --> 00:02:33,290 么问题可能 there was something in it 大概有点什么毛 32 00:02:33,290 --> 00:02:37,130 病那反正呢他的 ide a was considered fundamentally 33 00:02:37,130 --> 00:02:37,930 absurd 34 00:02:38,470 --> 00:02:44,180 人们就认为他的想法极其的荒唐 and widely mocked 他 35 00:02:44,180 --> 00:02:47,870 的想法处处受到人们的嘲笑 at 36 00:02:48,860 --> 00:02:52,480 gatherings Drawler members of the audience would 37 00:02:52,480 --> 00:02:56,040 sometimes ask him if he could get his elements to play 38 00:02:56,040 --> 00:02:58,320 them a little tune Draw 39 00:02:58,500 --> 00:03:02,240 这个是一个形容词 it means amusing in an odd 40 00:03:02,240 --> 00:03:09,520 mannercomical 爱搞笑的爱搞怪的所以在科学家们聚 41 00:03:09,520 --> 00:03:13,520 会的时候当他解释自己的这个推销自己的想法的时候 42 00:03:13,520 --> 00:03:19,780 他的听众当中有一些比较爱搞怪爱搞笑的一些人就会 43 00:03:19,780 --> 00:03:25,280 出来问他你能不能让你的元素给我们演奏一个小曲子 44 00:03:25,280 --> 00:03:28,100 就这样嘲笑 Disc ouraged, 45 00:03:28,180 --> 00:03:31,740 Newlands gave up pushing the idea and soon dropped from 46 00:03:31,740 --> 00:03:32,700 view altogether 47 00:03:35,200 --> 00:03:39,780 由于处处受到嘲笑,所以 Newlands 就 disc ouraged, 48 00:03:39,800 --> 00:03:44,920 灰了心放弃推销自己的新观念 pushing 指的就是 49 00:03:44,920 --> 00:03:45,600 promoting, 50 00:03:45,800 --> 00:03:46,660 推销, 51 00:03:46,700 --> 00:03:52,000 推广 and soon dropped from view altogether 很快就淡出 52 00:03:52,000 --> 00:03:52,800 人们的视野, 53 00:03:52,920 --> 00:03:58,830 销声匿迹了 Mendeleev used a slightly different 54 00:03:58,830 --> 00:04:02,550 approach Placing his elements into groups of seven, 55 00:04:02,690 --> 00:04:06,690 but employed fundamentally the same principle 门 56 00:04:06,980 --> 00:04:10,760 杰利尔夫的方法跟柳兰兹只是 slightly different 57 00:04:11,040 --> 00:04:17,320 稍有不同他把元素每七个编成一组 But employed 58 00:04:17,320 --> 00:04:20,840 fundamentally the same principle 但是他们的基本原 59 00:04:20,840 --> 00:04:25,430 理是完全相同的 Suddenly the idea seemed brilliant 60 00:04:25,430 --> 00:04:29,940 and wondrously perceptive Wonderous means 61 00:04:29,940 --> 00:04:35,460 marvelous,remarkable or wonderful 就是奇异的, 62 00:04:35,520 --> 00:04:39,760 奇妙的,不同寻常的 Perceptive Some 63 00:04:39,880 --> 00:04:43,860 one who is perceptive notices things quickly and 64 00:04:43,860 --> 00:04:45,220 understands situations, 65 00:04:46,000 --> 00:04:47,520 people's feelings,etc. 66 00:04:47,780 --> 00:04:50,800 very well 就是指非常敏锐的, 67 00:04:50,820 --> 00:04:56,240 有洞察力的所以陡然间这么一个想法看起来就非常棒 68 00:04:56,240 --> 00:05:00,740 非常敏锐仿佛洞察了一切元素的秘密 69 00:05:01,690 --> 00:05:02,990 因为这些性 70 00:05:02,990 --> 00:05:05,990 质 71 00:05:20,090 --> 00:05:25,810 是周而复始的周期性的重复出现所以这项发明后来就 72 00:05:25,810 --> 00:05:26,410 被称为 73 00:05:57,810 --> 00:05:59,470 But in other places, 74 00:05:59,770 --> 00:06:02,130 basically in the United Kingdom, 75 00:06:02,330 --> 00:06:07,610 it was called patience 就这种的纸牌游戏是单人纸牌 76 00:06:07,610 --> 00:06:07,870 游戏, 77 00:06:07,950 --> 00:06:11,970 一个人可以玩的我们可以从这个词的构成可以看出来 78 00:06:11,970 --> 00:06:16,550 solitaire 跟 solitary 是有联系的 solitary 是指孤独 79 00:06:16,550 --> 00:06:18,530 的,by oneself or alone, 80 00:06:18,730 --> 00:06:19,290 lonely 81 00:06:19,940 --> 00:06:21,380 而在其他地方, 82 00:06:21,600 --> 00:06:25,680 基本上其实指的就是在英国同样的纸牌游戏被叫做 83 00:06:25,680 --> 00:06:30,380 patience 所以这里这个 patience 并不是说是耐心的意 84 00:06:30,380 --> 00:06:35,400 思它就是指这种纸牌游戏的名称就叫做 patience 85 00:06:35,400 --> 00:06:39,200 wearing cards are arranged by suit horizontally 86 00:06:40,100 --> 00:06:46,020 by suit means by group 按组来分就这个纸牌的排列的方 87 00:06:46,020 --> 00:06:53,190 式是横排是按组所谓的按组就是按照它不同的花色这 88 00:06:53,190 --> 00:06:58,860 个 suit 其实大家原先也是知道的它表示一套就是套装 89 00:06:58,860 --> 00:06:59,820 所以 90 00:07:00,530 --> 00:07:05,510 其实这里就是 by group and by number vertically 垂直方 91 00:07:05,510 --> 00:07:11,250 向的排列则按照纸牌上的数字按照那些点数 using 92 00:07:11,570 --> 00:07:15,570 a broadly similar concept he arranged the elements in 93 00:07:15,570 --> 00:07:20,070 horizontal rowscalled periods and vertical columns 94 00:07:20,070 --> 00:07:25,030 called groups Broadly means largely Largely s ……（后略，完整文稿见视频页字幕）